Li Bai (February 8, 7065438+0—February 65438+February 762), born in Taibai, was named Qinglian Jushi, with the name "fallen immortal", and was of Han nationality. He was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations. Also known as "Du Li" with Du Fu. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.
Various periods and styles of Li Bai's life
1.Life in Sichuan before the age of 25
Li Bai, the word Taibai, was born in the first year of Chang 'an after (70 1). Ancestral home in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Qin 'an, Gansu)
County). Ancestors moved to Central Asia for crimes in the Sui Dynasty. Li Bai was born in Suixiang City, Duhu Prefecture, Anxi (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan). About five years old, he moved with his father to Qinglian Township (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) in Changlong County, Mianzhou, central Sichuan. Li Bai received a good family education when he was a teenager. At the age of ten, he recited poetry books, watched hundreds of schools, wrote poems and learned fencing, and had a wide range of hobbies. He wrote an excellent article when he was fifteen.
After the age of 20, I wandered around Sichuan, enjoying the magnificent scenery of Sichuan, getting in touch with social life, broadening my horizons, cultivating the thoughts of loving the motherland, being bold and hearty, and loving freedom, and also planting the roots of the negative thoughts of wandering immortals.
2. The first roaming period was centered on Anlu, Hubei before the age of 26 to 42.
In the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), 26-year-old Li Bai traveled far away from home and began to roam in Anlu (now Hubei) for a period of 16 years, covering Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Shanxi and other regions, and covering more than half of China. The poems in this period mostly describe the natural landscape and roaming life. His works include Seeing Friends Farewell at Jingmen Ferry, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Ding Du Giant, The Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran to Yangzhou, Visiting the Ancient Vietnam, and Smelling the Flute on a Spring Night in Los Angeles. , mature style.
3. From forty-two to forty-five, he was called to Chang 'an and worshipped the Hanlin for three years.
In the first year of Tianbao (742), 42-year-old Li Bai was recommended by a friend to be sent to Beijing to worship the Hanlin. At the beginning of being called, Li Bai was very excited and wrote a poem like "Go out with a smile, are we Artemisia people" ("Nanling children don't go to Beijing"), thinking that they would realize their political ambitions, but the reality ruthlessly shattered his fantasy. At that time, Tang Xuanzong was fatuous and decadent, indulged in debauchery and ignored political affairs. The poet's wish of "being wise and willing to help him" ("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's biography") failed to come true. As a result, he was excluded, left Chang 'an in disappointment and indignation, and ended his life in the imperial city in less than two years. Although this period was not long, the poet was exposed to the inside story of court life and the corruption of the upper ruling group, and wrote many poems attacking reality, such as Antique, Difficult to Go to Heaven, Fu Liangyin and so on. These poems attacked the powerful and showed the poet's ideology, morality and rebellious spirit.
4. From forty-five to fifty-five, the Liangyuan will roam again in ten years.
In the spring of the third year of Tianbao (744), Li Bai left Chang 'an. With disillusioned pain and indignation, he began his second roaming around Liangyuan (Kaifeng), which lasted for eleven years. "Wandering around the world, you can drink poetry and wine" (Liu's "Bachelor of Hanlin in Tang Dynasty"), but he is still very concerned about state affairs and hopes to return to the court one day. In the autumn of Tianbao's third year, he met Du Fu and Gao Shi in Luoyang and Bianzhou respectively, and the three of them went hand in hand to visit Liangyuan and Jinan. Since then, a profound friendship has been forged: "Fall asleep and get drunk, hand in hand with the sun" (Du Fu's "Seeking ten seclusion with Li Twelve"). During this period, poets created the most abundant works, and their representative works included: Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu, Entering Wine, Popular in the North, Poems in the Garden of Liang, etc. Profound realistic exposure and strong rebellious spirit are the remarkable characteristics of this period's works.
5. Fifty-five to sixty-two years old, from "An Shi Rebellion" to Wang Yong Lilin shogunate until his death.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Shi Rebellion broke out. With the desire to eliminate rebellion and restore national unity and stability, Li Bai joined Li Lin's team in Wang Yong. Unexpectedly, Wang Yong and Su Zong competed for the throne, and Su Zong eliminated Li Lin's team. Li Bai was found guilty and exiled Yelang (now Tongzi County, Guizhou Province). The poet cried silently: "In this life, fortunately, I met an Amnesty halfway and was released. The poem "Early Making Baidicheng" describes the mood at that time. In the 2nd year of Shang Dynasty (76 1), 61-year-old Li Bai heard that Li Guangbi led the troops to pursue Shi Chaoyi in autumn and decided to join the army. However, he returned to Jinling due to illness, saying, "Heaven takes the heart of a strong man and says goodbye" ("I heard that millions of Red Army troops were sent to the southeast cowards to apply for cutting, but I still stayed in Jinling for 19 rhymes"), and in the first year of Baoying (770).
The main features of this work
1. Hold the bones high. Previous comments on Li Bai's poems are mostly based on Qi. Calling Li Bai "Qi Ben" actually reveals Li.
An extremely important artistic feature of Li Bai's poems is his strong self-awareness and self-expression, and his poems are the self-expression of his ideals, talents and personality strength.
Li Bai thinks highly of himself as a child prodigy and an unparalleled hero. Therefore, he devoted his life to the self-expression of life value and was keen on fame and fortune. And his heroic Ren Xia personality gives him the right to refuse to live in dirt, maintain the dignity of cloth, refuse to be bound by artificial things, and pursue a free and easy life that comes and goes like the wind. This contradictory and unified character has been prominently reflected in Li Bai's poems.
2. Emotional recovery. Li Bai's poems have great emotional tension.
Li Bai is a passionate person. The fierce collision between ideal and reality makes his poems full of sadness and feelings.
Feel generous and exciting. High-pitched and agitated emotion is the content basis of Li Bai's poems, which has strong emotional tension. Such as "into the wine".
In the expression of emotions, people choose a form suitable for this kind of emotion-venting. This frank way of catharsis perfectly expresses the poet's passionate feelings and forms the characteristic of Li Bai's poetry. Such as Fu Liangyin and It's Hard to Go to Heaven.
I want to fall from the sky. As a romantic poet, Li Bai is full of artistic imagination of genius. Li Bai's poems describe heaven and earth.
In addition, thinking about ghosts and gods seems to be a powerful and unconstrained style, floating to the sky and then leaving, full of the fantasy color of "being possessed by ghosts and lost in thought" (Hu Yinglin's poem).
Li Bai's artistic imagination has two distinct characteristics:
First, there are endless histories, myths and legends. Such as "Shu Dao Nan".
Secondly, he has rich imagination, fantastic ideas, and is good at using metaphors and exaggerations to create novel and distinctive artistic images. Such as Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Antique and Qiu Ge.
4. The artistic feature of Li Bai's poetic language is freshness and naturalness. Such as Silent Night Thinking, Nanjing Climbing to the Top, Phoenix Terrace, Qingpingdiao, etc.