Pinyin name k ǐ Lian
Alias Toosendan, Xinxue, Toosendan Jujube, Toosendan Fruit, Toosendan Seed.
source
Source of medicinal materials: the fruit of Melia azedarach of Meliaceae.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: 1 .melia azedarach L.2.melia toosendan sieb.etzucc
Harvest and storage: harvest when the fruit turns yellow in autumn and winter, or collect the fallen fruit. Dry in the sun, shade or oven.
Original shape
1. neem tree,15-20m high. Bark is dark brown, longitudinally split, with purple old branches and most tiny lenticels. Two to three odd pinnate compound leaves alternate; Leaflets are ovoid to ovoid, 3-7 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, with long tips, wide wedge-shaped or round bases, obtuse serrations at the edges, dark green at the top and light green at the bottom, with stellate hairs when young, and hairless except white hairs on veins in the later period. Panicle axillary or terminal; Flowers lavender, about 65438 0 cm long; Calyx 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, hairy on both sides; Petals 5, spreading or recurved, oblanceolate; Staminal tube is usually dark purple, about 7 mm long; The ovary is superior. Drupe is ovoid or nearly spherical, long 1.5-2cm, light yellow, with 4-5 cells, and each cell has 1 seed. The flowering period is from April to May, and the fruit ripens in10-165438+10.
2. Toosendan tree, up to 10 meter. Bark grayish brown; Young parts are densely covered with stellate scales. Two or three odd pinnate compound leaves, about 35cm long; 4-5 pairs of feathers; Leaflets ovate or narrowly ovate, 4- 10 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, all or part of which are serrated. Panicle axillary; Calyx grayish green, sepals 5-6; Petals 5-6, lavender; Stamens 10 or 12, filaments coalesce to form a tube. Drupe is large, oval or nearly spherical, about 3 cm long, yellow or millet brown, with hard woody skin, 6-8 cells, and long oval and flat seeds. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is 9-165438+1October.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1. Born in the wilderness or on the roadside, it is often cultivated in front of and behind the house.
2. Born in mixed forests and sparse forests at an altitude of 500-2 100m or in wet places in flat dams and hilly areas, it is often cultivated near villages or beside highways.
Resource distribution: 1. Hebei in the north, Guangxi and Yunnan in the south and Sichuan in the west.
2. Distributed in Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
Character identification The drupe is oblong to nearly spherical, with a length of 1.2-2cm and a diameter of 1.2- 1.5cm. The outer surface is brownish yellow to grayish brown, slightly shiny and wrinkled. Occasionally, there are traces of styles at the top and pedicels at the base. The pulp is soft, light yellow and sticky after soaking in water. The nucleus is ovoid and hard, with 4-5 edges, divided into 4-5 cavities, and each cavity contains 1 seed. Qi is specific, sour and bitter.
Chemical components The fruit contains toosendone, azadirachtin, azadirachtin, 7- triacontanol, coumarine, lupeol and β-sitosterol. β-sitosterol -3-O- glucoside (β-sitosterol -3-O- glucoside), vanillin, cinnamic acid, azadirachtin, 1- cinnamoyl azadirachtin (654). The seeds contain 6- acetoxy-1 1- hydroxy -7- keto-14β 15- a new element of epoxy neem-1. 5- diene -3-O-L- rhamnoside (6- acetoxy-1 1- hydroxy -7- oxo -l4β 15- epoxy -xymeliacin- 1, 5- diene-3. 6- acetoxy -7- keto-14β 15- azadirachtin-1, 5- diene -3 1 1- diacetoxy -7- oxo-L4β/kloc. Fruit oil contains myristic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and palmitic acid.
Pharmacological Effects The antifungal experiments of alcohol extract, water extract and water decoction of Melia azedarach showed that the alcohol extract had the strongest antifungal effect, and the alcohol extract of 10% had obvious antibacterial effect, especially on Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, while the water extract and water decoction had poor antibacterial effect.
Prepare herbs by frying.
1. Jolie Tang Fang: broken into four pieces. 2. Compendium of Materia Medica: Peel, take meat and use it for nuclear purposes. 3. "Medical Zong Jin Jian": bubble to remove the core. At present, take the original medicinal materials and pick out impurities. Mash it with time.
4. Characters of decoction pieces: identified by reference to medicinal materials. Store in a dry container in a cool and dry place. Mothproof and mildew proof.
Bitter in nature; Cold; A little poisonous
Meridian-entering liver; Stomach meridian
The function is mainly to promote qi circulation and relieve pain; Insecticide. Indications of abdominal hypochondriac pain; Hernia pain; Abdominal pain due to insect accumulation; Tinea capitis; Frostbite.
Usage and dosage: decocted, 3- 10g. External use: appropriate amount, grinding and coating. Stir-fried to promote qi circulation and relieve pain, used to kill insects.
Pay attention to people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold. Not suitable for overdose and long-term use. Excessive oral administration may cause side effects such as nausea and vomiting, and even death due to poisoning.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica