Li Yi's "News Record" in the Song Dynasty: "Cui Hao's poems on the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang are read by the world. Li Taibai, bearing a great name, still said, "I can't see the scenery in front of me, and Cui Hao wrote a poem on it.". "To compare the outcome, it is a poem on" On the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing ". 」
First, The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty was compiled by Patten and others in Qing Dynasty, and it was compiled in October of forty-five years of Kangxi. In April of the forty-sixth year of Kangxi, the Qing sages prefaced it with the title "Imperial Tang Poetry", which was first published in Yangzhou as "Yangzhou Poetry Bureau Edition". 1960, printed and published by Zhonghua Book Company in Beijing. At the end of the book, there are three volumes of the author's name index and all the Tang poems compiled by Japanese Shang Mao and Shi Ning. This is the version on which this poem is based.
Second,
1. Yellow Crane Tower: Located at the foot of Sheshan Mountain in Wuhan, it was originally built for practical purposes. According to the Records of Yuanhe County, in the second year of Huang Wu, Wu Dadi in the Three Kingdoms period (AD 223), Soochow built a garrison post on the Yellow Emperor Collection for military needs, hence the name Yellow Crane Tower, which was repeatedly destroyed and repaired in later generations.
? Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower and Wangtengting are listed as the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River.
? Legend about the Yellow Crane Tower:
(1) Nanqi Book: "The immortal son came here on a yellow crane. 」
(2) "Taiping Universe": "When Fei Yi ascended to immortality, he took a yellow crane to rest and drive here. 」
(3) "Wuchang Record": "Jiangxia County, the Xin family is selling wine. A gentleman came. He was tall and blue-faced. He calmly called Xin's family, "Would you like a drink?" Xin's dare not resign and drink from a giant glass. At the age of half a year, Xin's is not so tired. One day, Mr. Xin said, "You took too much wine debt, and I can't afford it." Then I took a small basket with orange peel and drew a crane on the wall, which was for the yellow crane, while the people sitting clapped their hands to watch, and the yellow crane danced with the law, and everyone wasted money to watch. Ten years, but millions. When Mr. Hou arrived, Xin thanked him and said, "I would like to provide you with the best things." "The gentleman smiled and said," That's not what I did. Suddenly, I picked up my flute and played some tricks. Soon, white clouds fell from the sky. I drew a crane flying in front of Mr. Wang, so I crossed the crane and rode away in the clouds. I built a building here in Xin called "Yellow Crane". 」
2. Qingchuan Pavilion and Parrot Island
(1) In the early Ming Dynasty, Fan Zhizhen, the magistrate of Hanyang, proposed to build Qingchuan Pavilion according to poems. Up to now, there is a saying that "a thousand years of pen and ink make a beautiful story" and "a castle remembers Qingchuan".
② Qingchuan Pavilion is located in Gong Yuyan, the head of Guishan Mountain in Hanyang. Known as "the cliff faces the river, the dangerous building hangs over the water, the window flies rain, and the door passes through the Dongting", it has aroused the strong interest of passers-by. In addition, it complements the Yellow Crane Tower and becomes an inseparable scenic spot, thus becoming a "Three Chu resorts, a grand view through the ages".
3. From Qingchuan Pavilion to the south along the river, you will arrive at Nautilus Island. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was named after the poet Mi Fei wrote a parrot poem here. Mi Fei was killed by Cao Cao for humiliating him. After Mi Fei's death, he was buried on a small continent in the river where he wrote the parrot fu. Later, in memory of Mi Fei, he named this continent Nautilus Island, which was swallowed up by the river at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Soon, the river silted up and became a piece of land not far from Nautilus Island, which is what people see now.
Third, content analysis.
1.
The first four sentences: from myths and legends to realistic feelings, one is mourning the past, the other is hurting the present, and the focus of feelings is hurting the present. What's the feeling of this writing? What kind of emotions are presented?
The first four sentences of the poem begin with legend, the fairy riding a crane belongs to nothingness, and the poet turns nothingness into reality, from myths and legends to real feelings, one is to mourn the past, the other is to hurt the present, and the focus of feelings is to hurt the present. Immortals ride cranes and do everything, while poets turn emptiness into reality and do everything. From myths and legends to real feelings, one is to mourn the past and the other is to hurt the present, and the focus of feelings is to hurt the present.
The four poems contain the poet's endless complex feelings: the anguish and resentment of talent, the feeling of the world's depression and generosity when injured, the great ambition of overlooking the world, the eternity of the universe and the short sigh of life, all of which are hovering and turning in one breath.
Thoughts of Poets in Kaiyuan and Tianbao Times with Prosperous Economy and Culture;
"It is always natural to serve the country and go to disaster" (for the king);
"When I was in Zhaoyang yesterday, I climbed the jade steps (ㄩˋˋˊ, stone steps in front of the palace)" (difficult to walk)
"Mo Yan is hot, and the fire will soon go out. Mo Yan is poor and can be bullied, and his life is rich "(Chang 'an Road).
Reality shattered his hopes;
"Sorry, celebrities on the roadside, why don't you stay here to extend your life?" (via Huayin)
"Wash meaning to be quiet, pure heart to be empty. People who know the world at first, why worry about everything? " (Dengtianzhu Temple)
"Going to the night, the wind and smoke are Wan Li's worries" ("Tongguan Upstairs")
"Going to Baiyun Night, I hate this legacy" (the title of Shen Yin's "The Post-Eight Wing").
2.
In the first half of the poem, the fairy yellow crane died suddenly and expressed his vague feelings, which became a vivid and prosperous scene of grass trees in Qingchuan. This scene reminds him of Mi Heng, who improvised a parrot homework, full of bitterness and blood and tears. It aroused the subtle throb of the poet's mind, homesickness and sense of life experience, and naturally came to the conclusion of the poem.
Yang Zai, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "To avoid the meaning of the former alliance and change it, such as thunder breaking the mountain, will surprise the viewer." . "This change in Cui Hao's poems is indeed true, just right, which not only sets off the melancholy of those who climb the building and overlook it, but also makes the literary situation ups and downs.
This poem is full of charm, unique and beautiful. The poet Fang once made a thorough analysis of this in his Zhan Yan: "The Yellow Crane Tower, a masterpiece throughout the ages, only writes the style, which is a turning point. Five, six, although the scenery is broken, but the gas is also overflowing, so it is valuable. This preciousness makes this poem beautiful and natural, without any traces of affectation, and it is deeply appreciated by readers.
One,
1.
In the first half of this poem, only the second sentence is about the Yellow Crane Tower, and the other three sentences are all about the past: the first sentence is about the past, three sentences are about the past, and four sentences are about the past. When the crane goes to the empty building, the fairy is not there, but it is only a thousand years to see the white clouds on the horizon! The beauty lies in thinking about the word "Yellow Crane Tower", so I wrote the word "Yellow Crane" with a giant pen. Except for the second sentence, which explicitly mentions "Lou", the other two sentences are used to drag "Xian" out. If it is looming, it is the best way to get off.
2.
In the second half, I write about the scenery, expressing my embrace purely on the local scenery, so the works have soul and personality. Otherwise, in front of the Yellow Crane Tower, "the river is steep, the summer mouth is high and dangerous, and you should take the rush when you have a bird's eye view of the Han Dynasty", which can capture the scenery of poetry, not limited to Cui Shi's clouds of Qingchuan grass and the smoke of sunset glow. Although there are countless wonderful times at present, there is a lack of special attention, so since Li Bai, people who have boarded the Yellow Crane Tower are afraid to write poems, which is precisely why. In five or six sentences, what you can see by climbing the stairs and the grass in Qingchuan are all scenery overlooking the river! Seven or eight sentences even zoomed the camera to the countryside beyond the vast smoke, and the time was also arranged at dusk. The prototype application of this song "Twilight in the Distance" is set in the tail couplet, which makes the meaning of homesickness very full. In the first half, I looked at the disappointment of the cloud, thought of the fairy, and felt boundless; The second half of the eye is isolated from the countryside, but I don't know where it is, which makes me feel more gloomy. Between before and after, the beauty is that if there is no connection, it is actually like smoke and water, like sand in the moon, and if it is broken, it will hide its context. At the same time, the five or six sentences that mean "where is the hometown pass" take the close-up view as a turning point, which makes the text and meaning overlap and layer upon layer. Using this technique, the image can be vividly displayed.
3.
Syntactically, this poem absorbs the flexible, round and smooth sentence patterns of folk songs in the Southern Dynasties. In the first half of the poem, the word "Yellow Crane" is used repeatedly, and the words "You", "Li", "Yu", "Ren", "Qu" and "Kong" are used together. The third sentence almost uses the word "Xu Sheng", and the fourth sentence ends with three tones, not two tones. According to the requirements of the seven-law format, there is indeed a "folding waist and overlapping words." At that time, the seven laws had been finalized, and the poet wrote according to the aesthetic principle of "words don't hurt meaning" When he expressed the boundless generosity of the world through legend, the arrangement was reformed, and the latter part was strictly within the seven laws, thus creating this poem "neither ancient nor illegal, but also ancient and legal". When people read it in one breath, they don't seem to realize the inconsistency, informality and overlapping words in the poem, but they are intoxicated by the poems that sing high and the consistent literary spirit.
4.
Mr. Huang once talked about the phonology of five or six sentences: "Qingchuan is a phonetic word, Li is a phonetic word, and Hanyang is a phonetic word." Different pentatones are intertwined in pairs and sound louder and louder. Because the teeth sound is not as grand as the tongue sound, and the tongue sound is not as grand as the throat sound, after reading it, the vivid Hanyang tree has a more and more clear and eye-catching feeling with the increasing momentum. The next sentence, "Nautilus Island is a nest of herbs", because the words "grass grows and warblers fly" are connected, giving people a different feeling. Looking at the tiny grass, they feel sad and chaotic, far less than the previous sentence. (China's Poetics: The Sound of Design Poetry)
Fourthly, the couplets about the Yellow Crane Tower.
(1) Song Huyin: Yellow cranes fly around, and white clouds can stay or not.
(2) Couplets in Qing Dynasty: It can still be seen on this path that once there was a yellow crane carrying a saint to heaven; The river flows day and night, and this heart is often allied with Bai Ou.
(3) Clear sprinkling of Xianglinsao: On the first floor, the spirits of the Three Chus are extracted, the clouds are empty, and the flute is there; The two rivers converge into hundreds of rivers, and there are endless rivers in ancient and modern times.
④ Zhaoqing, Chen Qing:
A pen stands between Jianghan and the top floor, let go of the belly, swallow the eight hundred-mile Dongting, and dream for nine hundred miles;
The achievements of a thousand years are illusory in the vicissitudes of life, and real people have their own eyes. Then, let him go to Yellow Crane early and Violet late.
To annotate ...
1. A pen: Huang Yuhe Building. 2. Violet: Li Bai's violet. According to legend, when he saw Cui Hao's poem on the Yellow Crane Tower, he came late with a sigh.
Five,
There used to be a phoenix on the phoenix platform, and the phoenix went to Taiwan, only Jiangdong returned. Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine.
The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two. There is always a traitor in power, like covering the sky, and Chang' an is depressed when he can't see it.
To annotate ...
1 Phoenix Terrace: In today's Phoenix Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, it is said that during the Yuanjia period of the Southern Song Dynasty, three colorful birds flew in and looked like peacocks. People thought it was a phoenix at that time. Because this mountain is called Phoenix Mountain, it was called Phoenix Terrace when it was built on it.
Wu Palace: A palace built by Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period. 3 clothes: synonymous with dignitaries. 4 ancient tombs: ancient tombs.
Sanshan: On the south bank of the Yangtze River in the southwest of Nanjing today, it is named because there are three peaks connected.
Like this egret water island: Egret Island divides Qinhuai River in two. Egret Island, in today's Nanjing, is named after the frequent gathering of egrets.
7 Clouds can cover the sun: it is a metaphor that a villain blinds the monarch and makes talented people excluded.
? Why?
Yellow Crane Tower
Climb the Phoenix Terrace from Nanjing.
Similarities?
1. Repeat appearance: Yellow Crane and Phoenix appear three times each.
2. The allusion comes from the previous sentence, and there is a connection between them:
The yellow crane in Cui Hao is the image of a fairy.
Li Bai's phoenix can be associated with emperors and their powerful people in the world (the dragon and phoenix have always had this symbolic meaning in China). Moreover, Jinling happened to be the capital of the Six Dynasties (Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen), and now the Six Dynasties have already vanished. Then, isn't the trip to Phoenix the same as the short-lived prosperity of the Six Dynasties? Isn't the phoenix gone forever like the prosperity of the Six Dynasties? In this way, the flowers and plants in the palace of Wu mentioned in three or four sentences and the clothes in the Jin Dynasty have a natural connection with "Taiwan Province flowing freely"?
As far as the last four sentences are concerned, On Climbing Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace and Yellow Crane Tower are exactly the same.
The first two sentences are also written as "looking far", that is, the predecessors said "looking far as possible", but Cui Hao only saw Wuhan (where the Yellow Crane Tower is located), but did not see his hometown; Li Bai only saw Jinling, not Chang 'an. The difference between two poems is that one misses his hometown and the other misses King Chang 'an. (According to the theme of the two poems, the Yellow Crane Tower returns to the most lasting attachment to the world and homesickness from the eternal thinking about life; . )?
The difference between the four sentences is that they are all centered on the yellow crane (there are three yellow cranes in the four sentences), but they all come down to the fact that the yellow crane can't see you again (white clouds are leisurely). Li Bai condensed the same meaning into two sentences (but the phoenix appeared three times)
Landscape writing style
The Yellow Crane Tower has returned to the most lasting attachment and homesickness in the world from the eternal thinking of life.
? Miss the king of Chang 'an.
"Nanjing on the Phoenix" pays attention to wealth and achievement, and pays attention to people's self-realization, so he finally lacks talent.