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Tonga became news in 2022 because of volcanoes. Before that, I only knew the name, but I didn't know where Tonga was or what it was like. Because of this emergency, I want to know about it.
From the location of Nuku 'alofa, the capital, Tonga is located at 2 1 07 south latitude and 175 12 west longitude ... From the general direction, Tonga is located a little below the equator, to the east of Australia and New Zealand. On the map, it is almost directly above the Bering Strait.
If it is at almost the same latitude, connecting Australia and Tonga, the length in Australia extends equidistantly to the east, which is almost the location of Tonga.
On a small scale, there are some famous places around Tonga, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga form an angle. In this area, a little further east, is the Cook Islands.
Take a closer look, the terrain in this area is still very interesting.
On the surface, there seems to be no connection between these places. The same thing is that they are all in the sea. However, under this sea, there is still some content. On Google Maps, these contents are all displayed, and these associations are also displayed.
Simply put, from Papua New Guinea to Tonga, and then from Tonga to New Zealand, it seems to form a right angle. Underwater, these two areas are connected with each other, similar to the ridge on the land, but some places are exposed to the water, forming the present form, and the position of American Samoa is at this turning point.
Tonga is an archipelagic country, belonging to Oceania. It consists of three islands: Tonga Tabu Islands, Harper Islands and Wau Islands, with a territory of 176 islands, 36 of which are inhabited, and the capital, Nuku 'alofa, is in the largest Tabu Islands.
Tonga has a small population, about 1 10000.
1845, the kingdom of Tonga was formed by the union of several islands. 1875 implemented a constitutional monarchy, 1900 became a British protectorate, 1970 became independent on June 4, and became a member of the Commonwealth and the188th member of the United Nations. On July 29th, 2008, King george tupou v of Tonga said that he would hand over power to the National Assembly, give up power and move towards democracy, but he still kept the constitutional monarchy, and was the only country in the South Pacific.
Look at the trend of tonga islands, almost on the ridge under the sea.
Tonga, located to the west of international date line, is the time dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres.
More often, Tonga has no dispute with the outside world and lives a self-sufficient life. It was not until after the great voyage that explorers from the Netherlands, Britain, Spain and other countries arrived in Tonga one after another, and Tonga was known to outsiders. This time is 17 and18th century.
The first person who came here was the Dutch explorer abel tasman. 1642 and 1644, Tasman, 39, set out from Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia) and made two voyages to Tasmania, New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji. The first voyage was almost around Australia, and the second voyage was around the sea between Indonesia and Australia, including Timor Sea and Arafura Sea. In order to commemorate Tasman, many regions are named after him, such as Tasmania and Tasmania in Australia; Located in Australian and New Zealand waters, tasman sea; Tasman District and Tasman Bay in the South Island of New Zealand. Between the South Island and the North Island of New Zealand, there is a water passage, Cook Strait, which Tass did not find, and Tasman almost came here.
This volcanic eruption in Tonga is without warning, and the eruption is very strong. Some monitoring reports say it is about level 5, while others say it is level 6. Others compare the explosion to the Hiroshima atomic bomb, which is equivalent to 1000 Hiroshima atomic bombs.
Prior to this, the large-scale volcanic eruption was the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. Of course, I didn't know. Because of this eruption, I took a look and got a general understanding.
The eruption of Tonga volcano is located in the northwest of Tonga Tabu Island, where the capital is located, about 65km, which is very close. This island is called Hongaha Apai Island.
Interestingly, this Hongha Apai island has just formed. Because of Tonga's geographical location, it happens to be at the boundary of the intersection of the Pacific plate and the Indo-Australian plate, and perhaps because of this intersection, the submarine ridge rises and New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji are lifted, so these places have always been prone to volcanoes and earthquakes.
In this area, there used to be two islands, Hongjiatonga Island and Hongjiahapai Island. In Tonga, Hunga means volcanic eruption. Maybe these two islands were formed by volcanic eruption.
Since the 20th century, four registered volcanic eruptions have been recorded in this area in 192 1, 1988, 2009 and 20 14~20 15 years respectively. These eruptions were not strong and did not cause particularly serious disasters. In contrast, the scale of this eruption has once again changed the shape of this generation.
The most commonly seen pictures on the Internet are the shapes formed after the eruption from 20 14 to 20 15. This eruption seems to have gone back to the past.
There is information on the Internet, which records the changes of Tonga volcano area from 2008 to 2022, and draws a detailed data map.
There have been many large volcanoes in history, and the latest one was the eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia in 18 15, which lasted for more than ten days. A large amount of volcanic ash covers the ground with a thickness of 1 m. This volcanic eruption caused the so-called "year without summer", which had a great influence, even including Napoleon's campaign.
Agung volcano in 1963, Erqiqiong volcano in 1982 and Pinatubo volcano in 199 1 are all powerful volcanic eruptions. In contrast, they are not as powerful as Tambora volcano in 18 15. As far as the present situation is concerned, Tonga volcano can't be smaller than Agung volcano, Elci Joan volcano and Pinatubo volcano, but it seems a little smaller.