"Inscribed on "Meeting the Son of the Zhang Family in Seclusion"
Author: Du Fu
Original Text:
The Son of the Zhang Family Meets in the Reclusive Time and Invites People Stay late.
There are wild grasses and deer in Jitan.
Du Jiu prefers to work and persuade, but Zhang Li does not ask for help.
The mountain road in front of the village is dangerous, but you will have no worries when you return home.
Appreciation:
There are two original poems. The first one is Qilu, written when I first met Zhang Jun to describe his personality. This is the second poem. I think I am already very familiar with Zhang, so I started by saying that we met when the son of Dao was born. "Du Shi Jingquan" thinks that it should be mentioned after the number is reached, and "Du Shi Detailed Notes" thinks that the exchange is not a one-time affair, and they are all the same. .
Although this is a social poem, you can see the author's human touch and humor. This poem is both direct and allusive. Direct expression and allusion are two commonly used expression methods in ancient poetry. If you cannot distinguish them, the meaning of the poem will not be understood. Here they are closely connected. If you read it as a direct statement, it is almost vernacular; if you read it as an allusion, most of it is allusion, and there is no saying that there is no origin. But this is a sign, and it is often the case in Du's poetry, so it is not surprising. It can be interesting, which is truly rare.
Ruzhizi translated it into vernacular and said this person or this gentleman, but Danzhizi saw "Mao Shi". In the third sentence, there are many carps in the pond, swimming around; in the fourth sentence, the deer are grazing there and chirping; but the tuna (zhān felt) is hairy (bō dial), the deer is chirping, eating apples in the wild, Also see "Mao Shi". The classic idiom "every bitterness" is pedantic and heavy-handed, but here I don't feel it at all. Therefore, the predecessors commented: "Three and four drive six arts, but they are extremely delicate." Moreover, Lu Ming’s original poem has the meaning of entertaining guests, so although this fourth sentence describes a real scene, it already contains emotions in the scene and connects the past and the next.
The poem is also written through one layer. It is a general rule that the article must closely reflect the actual feelings at the time. But this reality should not be ignored. In some places, it is better not to conform to it. Here it means exceeding, and exceeding means not quite fitting. Only when it is not very consistent can the emotion be expressed perfectly, which means it is further in line with reality. At the end of this poem, the road to the village and mountain in front of you is dangerous, and you will have no worries when you return drunk. I thought that the mountain road in Qiancun was very dangerous, and I was drunk and staggered back, like a blind man and a blind horse in a deep pool at midnight. There is no reason to worry; so the last line of the poem should really be regarded as returning home. It should be sorrowful, but he did not say that it should be sorrowful, but conversely said that there was no sorrow. Is should-worry consistent with reality, or should no worry be consistent with reality? We should say that should worry is true; we should also know that although worry is not a real feeling, it can further express this theme - the host is affectionate, the guest expresses thanks, and the guest and host are very happy.
Under this situation, no matter whether Lao Du was worried that night, he had no worries anyway. So there could have been a more natural and reasonable explanation, that I was drunk so I didn't know how to worry; but this has long been rejected by predecessors. "Commentary on the Collection of Du Poems" quotes Li Tiansheng as saying: The last two sentences indicate a deep connection with Zhang, so it is dangerous to return drunk and forget the mountain road. If the cloud is drunk and does not know, it is shallow. What Li said is quite right. Du Fu was about to express his admiration and gratitude to his master by not worrying when he should be worried. If he first described himself as a drunkard, the poetic meaning would be completely lost and it would not only kill the scenery. This sentence also forms the meaning of the first couplet. Inviting people to stay late is the main sentence in this poem. Looking for Baiheyan, Zhang Zirong lives in seclusion
Meng Haoran Looking for Baiheyan, Zhang Zirong lives in seclusion
Half of Baihe Qingyan is a secluded place for secluded people. The steps and courtyards are empty of water and stones, and the woods and gullies are filled with woodcutter and fishermen.
As time goes by, the green pines grow old, and the wind and frost make the bamboos sparse. Seeing that I have forgotten my business, I decided to return to my house.
Appreciation
Meng Haoran (689-740), male, Han nationality, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. His real name is unknown (one theory is that his name is Hao), he was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei), and he was known as Meng Xiangyang in the world. Haoran, a young man who loves integrity, likes to help people in need, and is good at poetry. When he was forty years old, he traveled to the capital, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered him to recite his poems. It was not until he understood the meaning of abandonment that he said, "You don't seek official positions. I have never abandoned you, so how can you accuse me?" Because he was not yet an official, he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain and wrote more than 200 poems. Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, another landscape and pastoral poet, are collectively known as Wang Meng. Du Fu's Nine Days at Cui's Village in Lantian
"Nine Days at Lantian's Cui's Village"
Author: Du Fu
Original text:
Growing old In the sad autumn, I am strong and self-forgiving, and now I am happy with you.
She was too shy to wear her short hair back, but Xiaoqian was wearing a crown for everyone else.
The blue water falls far away from thousands of streams, and the jade mountain is high and its two peaks are cold.
Who will be healthy next year? Zui looked at the dogwood carefully.
Notes:
1. Lantian: Today’s Lantian County, Shaanxi Province.
2. Strong: reluctantly.
3. Qian: Please.
4. Blue Water: Blue Creek, at the foot of Lantian Mountain.
5. Yushan: Lantian Mountain.
6. Jian: one is here.
7. Drunk: over and over again.
Translation:
This year I am already old. Although I feel sad for autumn, I still try to comfort myself. I am so happy that I can be here during the Double Ninth Festival. Cui Jun's family and friends drank fine wine.
Something embarrassing happened during the dinner. The autumn wind blew off my hat, exposing my short hair. I was so embarrassed that I had to ask someone on the side to help me put it back on. The blue water in the east of Lantian County flows through thousands of mountain streams and falls from the high Blue Mountain, while the two high peaks of the Blue Mountain still stand in the distance. Zuiyan saw the dogwood, which symbolized longevity and good luck, and asked it in his heart: Will my friends get together again next year?
Appreciation:
The title of this poem is "Nine Days at Cui's Village in Lantian". Lantian, that is, Lantian, Shaanxi. The ninth day is the Double Ninth Festival.
When you grow old, you will be sad and strong in autumn, but when you are happy, you will be happy today. As people grow older and feel more sad about the autumn scenery, the poet can only reluctantly comfort himself. When Chongjiu arrives, the mood comes and you must have a good time with your friends. There is a layer of aging, a layer of sadness, a layer of self-improvement, a layer of prosperity, a layer of today, a layer of joy, layers of changes, twists and turns. The first couplet uses antithesis, and the verses flow freely.
She was too shy to wear her short hair back, but Xiaoqian was wearing a crown for everyone else. When a man gets old, he is afraid that his short hair will be exposed if his hat falls off. The author feels ashamed of this, so when the wind blows his hat, he smiles and asks others to help him straighten it. The allusion of Meng Jia losing his hat is used here. Wang Yin's "Book of Jin": Meng Jia joined the army for Huan Wen and traveled to Longshan for nine days. When the wind came, Jia's hat fell off, and Wen ordered Sun Sheng to mock him. Du Fu was once authorized to lead his government to join the army. Here, Meng Jia is compared to himself, which is consistent with his status. However, when Meng Jia dropped his hat, it showed that he was a celebrity, but Du Fu was in a different mood at this time. He was afraid of losing his hat, but instead let people take the crown, which showed a different feeling. She said she was Xiaoqian, but she was actually forcing a smile on her face, and there was a trace of sadness and sadness in her bones. This couplet uses allusions to describe Du Fu's drunken state vividly. Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty said: Meng Jia considered hat-dropping as romantic, but not hat-dropping was considered romantic, and it was the most wonderful way to read all the ancient public cases. ("Chengzhai Poetry")
The blue water falls far away from Qianjian, and the jade mountain is high and the two peaks are cold. According to the general writing method, the neck couplet is mostly inherited from the first two couplets, so this poem should still be about lamenting the old age and mourning the autumn. But the poet is different. He suddenly opens a layer, his writing style rises sharply, and he evokes the spirit of a poem with Zhuang language. These two sentences describe mountains and waters, and the atmosphere is majestic. The blue water comes from afar, thousands of streams rush down, and the Jade Mountain stands tall, with two peaks standing side by side. The mountains are high and the rivers are dangerous, so the poet can only look up and feel inspired. Using blue water and jade mountains to face each other, the color is light and elegant; using distance and height to create an open space; using falling and cold to slightly dye it, which not only marks the season of late autumn, but also makes readers feel high and desolate. The poems are majestic with a hint of sadness, the heroes are majestic, and the writing is powerful.
Who will be healthy next year? Zui looked at the dogwood carefully. When he looked up at the autumn mountains and rivers, they were so spectacular. When he lowered his head and thought again, the mountains and rivers were fine, and the personnel were unpredictable. He himself was already so old that he could not live for a long time. So while he was still a little drunk, he held the dogwood in his hand and looked at it carefully: Dogwood, dogwood, at this time next year, how many people are still alive, and will they come to the party with you? The last sentence is a question, showing the poet's heavy mood and profound sadness, and contains the meaning of infinite compassion for heaven and earth. The next sentence uses the word "yizui", which is wonderful. If you use the handle with your hand, it would be too clumsy, but the word "Zui" gathers the spirit of the whole poem and clearly depicts the poet's mood at this time: Although his eyes are blurred with drunkenness, he still stares at the dogwood in his hand and looks carefully, without saying a word, but it is better. More than a thousand words.
This poem is full of ups and downs and hearty. The predecessors commented that: the words are bright and the writing is high. ("Reading Du Xinjie") The poet is full of sorrow, but he writes it in Zhuang language. The poems appear generous and open-minded, sad and desolate. Qinyuanchun·Titled Zhangxu Ergong Temple in Chaoyang
It doesn’t matter if you die to be filial to your son and loyal to your ministers.
Since Guangyue’s energy is divided, the scholars have no integrity.
Criticize the thief Zhang Xun, love the king far away, and leave a lasting reputation.
Those who come after us have the skills of a second master, and they are steel that can be tempered a hundred times.
Life is like a cloud.
What a vigorous and vigorous performance.
He who betrayed his country at that time and was willing to surrender to captivity was reviled by others and enjoyed a long life.
The ancient temple is quiet and elegant, with dead trees and crows racing against the setting sun.
Under the postal booth, a traitor passed by, thinking carefully.
Notes
⑴Chaoyang: Today’s Chaoyang County, Guangdong.
⑵ Wen Tianxiang advocated conducting oneself in accordance with the principles of Confucius and Mencius. These three sentences suggest that one should die for loyalty and filial piety.
⑶Guangyue: a tall mountain. Guangyue Qifen: refers to the division of the country, that is, the subjugation of the country. Lack of righteousness between the monarch and his ministers: refers to the lack of righteousness between the monarch and his ministers. Gangchang: refers to steadfast moral integrity. These four sentences mean that since the fall of the Song Dynasty, scholar-bureaucrats have been unable to maintain their moral integrity, and there is a lack of justice between monarchs and ministers. Who has failed to live up to their unyielding and upright character?
⑷ Zhang Xun: He and Xu Yuan, the prefect of Suiyang (now Shangqiu County, Henan Province), guarded the dangerous city. After the city fell, the two of them were killed one after another.
⑸Latercomers: refers to later scholar-bureaucrats. Cao: Conduct.
⑹Xixie (sound: sigh): that is, suddenly, like the appearance of fire. Yunsu: die. The word "cloud" has no meaning.
⑺ Ancient temples: namely Zhang and Xu Gong temples. Appearance: refers to the statues of Zhang and Xu.
⑻Postal booth: In ancient times, it was a guild hall located along the road for public delivery of documents and accommodation for tourists. These three sentences are a warning to the traitorous officials in the late Song Dynasty who betrayed their country and surrendered.
[2]
Translation
If a son can die with filial piety, and if a minister can die with loyalty, then he will die well. When the Anshi Rebellion broke out, righteousness collapsed, and there were no more people who served the country with all their loyalty, but more people who shamelessly surrendered to the enemy. The morale of the people was low, and the righteousness was gone. Zhang Xun scolded the thieves until his eyes bled, Xu Yuan was gentle and loving, and he could keep his integrity. They both left their names forever. Later people no longer have the same integrity as they did, that kind of sincerity that is as refined as refined steel.
Life is short, life and death are parted in a blink of an eye. We should do something for the country and the people with great vigor. If they were willing to surrender and betray their country, they would have been reviled by others and would be infamy for thousands of years. How could they be famous for generations to come? The twin temples are deep and deep, and the statues of the two princes are solemn and elegant. Jackdaws and dead trees under the setting sun indicate that all things are susceptible to decay, but ancient temples remain unchanged. Under the postal booth, if a traitor passes by and faces the martyrs, he should think carefully and reflect on himself.
Appreciation
"It doesn't matter if you die to be filial to your son and loyal to your ministers." The start of the pen is abrupt, like two pillars supporting the sky. A son dies from filial piety, and a minister dies from loyalty. These two sentences contain the origin of Confucianism. "easy. "Xu Gua" says: "There is heaven and earth and then there are all things, there are all things and then there are men and women, there are men and women and then there are couples, there are couples and then there are fathers and sons, there are fathers and sons and then there are monarchs and ministers." Confucians believe that the meaning of filial piety lies in not forgetting the origin of life, which is The foundation of morality. Loyalty is an extension of filial piety, a great filial piety. On the 20th of the first month of the second year of De (1276), Tianxiang was detained as an envoy to Yuanying. The next day, Empress Dowager Xie sent Prime Minister Jia Yuqing and others to Yuanying to surrender. Tianxiang resisted unyieldingly, as recorded in his "Guidebook". There is a poem in "Envoy to the North" that says: "I have no name in the early days of surrender. I am not a follower of worshipers. Who sends vassals to pray for envoys? To teach Suolu to recognize loyal ministers." It can be seen that Tianxiang is loyal to his ministers, not to his family and surname. , but loyal to the nation and motherland. This is very consistent with the Confucian idea of ????loyalty and filial piety, but does not advocate foolish loyalty or foolish filial piety. People can die filial piety and die loyal, the foundation has been established, "it doesn't matter if you die," treat death as home. It starts with a paragraph of great discussion that shocked the past and the present, and then turns to praise Zhang Xu. "Since Guangyue's Qi is divided, the scholars have no integrity; the monarch and his ministers lack the righteousness, who has the courage to bear the burden", four sentences in pairs, and the writing is brilliant. There are three lights, and the moon is the five mountains. Tianxiang's "Song of Righteousness" says: "The heaven and earth have righteousness, which is mixed and endowed with fluid shapes. On the ground they are rivers and mountains, and in the sky they are suns and stars." This article is consistent with the purpose of this article. The Anshi Rebellion broke out, and many rebels surrendered, which was extremely painful. However, Zhang Xu is upright and inspiring.
"Criticize the thief Zhang Xun, love the king far away, and leave a lasting reputation." The second Duke Zhang and Xu fought a bloody battle in Suiyang and refused to surrender until death. "We will see each other at the end of the day, and we will draw pictures one by one." Every time Zhang Xun fought with the rebels, he yelled and cursed thieves. His face was torn with blood and his teeth were broken. Xu Yuan is a generous elder, his appearance is as good as his heart. In the end, the two died calmly. Zhang Xu has different personalities but the same meaning. With these two sentences alone, the painting is concise and powerful. "Leave a lasting reputation", although Zhang Xu's physical body died, his spirit will live on forever. The semantics are noble and positive, highlighting Zhang Xu's spirit of taking righteousness and becoming benevolent. The word "香" is also well chosen, expressing Tianxiang's infinite admiration for the two gentlemen. "The latecomers have no moral integrity," the three words "latecomers" bring the sentiment of poetry from the Tang Dynasty to today, and the writing is quite generous. When the Song Dynasty fell, there were countless people who rebelled and surrendered, ranging from Xie Hou, who was named "Xie Taiqing," to Jia Yuqing and others. Therefore Tianxiang sighed deeply. "The work of two masters is like steel that can be tempered a hundred times." The battle breaks and the writing is vigorous.
"Life is like a raging cloud. It's so exciting." Following the above idea, he also uses overwhelming arguments to highlight the Confucian philosophy of life, which complements his writing. Xi Yanqi means short. Life is rushed and fleeting, so we should vigorously carry out a cause for the country and the people! "easy. "Qian Zhuan" says: "Heaven moves vigorously, and a gentleman strives to constantly strive for self-improvement." Confucianism values ??life rather than death, especially the spiritual life of self-improvement and endless life. Wen also had this idea in many of his articles. For example, "Yu Shi Ce Yi Yi" said: "There is no one who can never stop talking about the principle of "The Great Changes", and no one is better than "The Doctrine of the Mean". The principle of "The Great Changes" is to continue to strive for self-improvement. , The principle of "The Doctrine of the Mean" is that if you continue to return to it, it will last forever. "In "Ti Dai Xing Ke's Study Chapter" it is said: "The reason for a gentleman to advance is to follow the law of heaven." It expresses the spirit of continuous self-improvement. "To make him a traitor to his country at that time, willing to surrender to the captives, be reviled by others, and live in peace." If Duke Zhang and Xu were greedy for life and afraid of death, and betrayed the country and surrendered to the captives, he would have been reviled by others and would be infamy for thousands of years. How could he be famous forever? "Mencius. "Gao Zi Shang" says: "Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want. You cannot have both. You must sacrifice life for righteousness." Tianxiang's praise of Zhang and Xu in this paragraph means exactly this. .
"The ancient temple is quiet and elegant, with dead trees and jackdaws and the setting sun." The appearance of the twin temples is deep and deep, and the statues of the two princes are solemn, elegant and lifelike. And when the sun sets in the west, jackdaws cry sadly among the dead trees. The setting sun among dead trees and jackdaws means the infinite passage of time. Let the world feel the sadness of aging easily. Tianxiang uses it to write about the immortality of spiritual life. Although the dead trees are withered, the sun is setting, and natural objects are prone to decay and change, it can reflect that the ancient temple remains unchanged and its appearance is lifelike. It shows that there is justice in the world, and that loyal ministers and filial sons are honorable even in death. Wen's poem focuses on discussion, but the emotion is embedded in the scenery, which contrasts with the theme. The emotion of the poem feels transcendent and transcendent, and it is truly a stroke of genius. "Under the postal booth, a traitor passed by, think carefully." As for the second prince of Haoran, if a traitor passes by the two temples, he should reflect on himself. The concluding sentence has a profound meaning, hoping that evil will flow everywhere, and conscience should not be completely wiped out, and there will be a time when it can be enlightened. But it can also be seen that he was extremely angry at those who were blaming the whole world for being traitors.
This poem has also reached a high level in art. The whole poem is based on argumentation and is combined with lyricism. It has both the beauty of concrete images and the beauty of abstraction. The lyricism contains the beauty of calmness, elegance and strength. Couplets are often used in the article, the sentences are neat and the writing is sharp. The scenes blend together and the scenery blends into the emotions, which is extremely beautiful. Just as Wang Guowei commented in "Renjian Ci Hua": "Wen Wen Shan Ci has a very high character and a state of mind, which is far above that of Sheng Yu, Shu Fu and Gong Jin." His evaluation is very fair.