The boat ahead is paralyzed. Who wants to cross? Autumn mountain rises at dusk, and it rains even the sea.
The storm was full of thoughts, and Su He's face changed. Alone in the southeast, where is Guangling?
"All the scenes are sentimental." Please briefly describe the feelings expressed in this poem from the perspectives of "mountain", "rain" and "bird".
A: Scoring standard: loneliness and sadness from the perspective of "mountain" and "rain", 3 points; Judging homesickness from the perspective of "birds" gives 3 points. Example: In autumn, the morning bell of the temple comes from the distant mountain, and the rain curtain hangs on the vast Chutian. The bleak evening scene sets off the poet's loneliness and homesickness. Finally, the poet wrote a lonely bird flying to Guangling, his hometown, and returning home. Birds fly southeast, and the closer they are to the nest; And the poet goes northwest, and the farther he goes. This made him homesick and sad.
Two Spring Stories in Cen Can (Ⅱ)
There are crows flying in Liangyuan at dusk, and there are three or two families in the order. I don't know how many people will go, but the old flowers will come in spring.
(1) Stylistically, this poem is a seven-character quatrain (or quatrain) with an A rhyme.
(2) Is there any way to write these three or four sentences? How is the expression effect?
Three or four sentences use the method of contrast to write sad feelings with happy scenes, which makes Liangyuan more depressed.
(3) What kind of emotion does this poem express? This poem expresses the feeling that things are different and changeable. )
Reverse lining
The law of unity of opposites is the core of dialectical method. Contradictory things in real life are interdependent and interrelated. In their mutual connection, they show each other and set each other off. In poetry, it is called "anti-criticism" as a means of artistic expression to set off the main object by describing things that are opposite to it.
To master this expression, the poet's eyes should be good at seeing opposites in all kinds of interrelated things and finding connections in all kinds of opposing things. Ai Qing said: "The more a poet thinks and observes things in connection, the more he can produce the image of life, and the poet can make all kinds of separated things find the image connection" (On Poetry).
The relationship between emotion and scenery in literary and artistic works should be unified on the whole. That is, the so-called situation depends on each other, and the situation lives with the situation to achieve the blending of the situation. Wu Qiao said: "The scenery is not generated by itself, but is changed by emotion." Emotional sadness is a sad scene, and emotional joy is a happy scene "("Poetry Around the Furnace "). There are countless successful examples of predecessors in this regard. With the scene of "going to the West Building alone without words, the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree is locked in the clear autumn", the "pain of national subjugation" is set off and the scene is unified.
Counter-criticism means "doing the opposite". Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said: "It's twice as wax to write mourning for Syaraku with happy scenes."
At present, two poems have been selected into the fourth textbook of junior high school Chinese issued by the Ministry. One is Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Shi An Xi": "Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow-colored. I advise you to drink more, there is no reason to go to Xiyangguan. " This is a good poem, which has been widely circulated, and it has also been set to piano music, called "Three Layers in Yangguan". The beauty of this poem lies in "happily writing mourning" The people who are sent will go out of Yangguan in the west and enter a strange desert. Since then, he has never seen such fresh scenery or such affectionate friends. Have another drink and linger for a while-the mood of farewell is heavier and the scenery in front of you is more worthy of nostalgia.
The other is Gao Shi's "Don't Move Big": "A thousand miles away in Huang Yun, the north wind blows geese and snow, and Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead. Who doesn't know you in the world? " The farewell scene was bleak, but the author gave the famous musician Dong Da enough courage and strengthened his belief. The future is bright, and friendly friends will receive you everywhere. Don't be tempted, go. ...
This is "mourning for Syaraku" and the joy of "friends all over the world".
"The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first I couldn't stop crying on my coat. In the era of war and chaotic life, I was overjoyed to hear such good news It should be "the first time I heard the whole family laugh". How can it be "tears streaming down my face"? Does Du Fu's writing violate the truth of feelings? Don't! It turns out that this kind of "tears full of skirts" move. It is a spiritual phenomenon of "forgetting me". The year before last, China women's volleyball team played against Japan in the World Cup final, and finally won the championship through all-out efforts. At the end of the game, the players wept bitterly. This scene moved many viewers in front of the TV screen to tears. Are they suffering? Of course not. It's a sign of "ecstasy". My wife is sad when she feels extremely sad, and then she is happy when she is sad. Because of intense excitement, feelings are extremely happy and sad. "At first, I couldn't stop tears from pouring down my coat" is exactly in line with this psychological feature.
"Laugh proudly, and watch the cause of Baijia Collection sadly" (Du Fu: Baijia Collection). Qiu Note: "Laughter is the host, and lobbyists suffer the most in poor roads." Here, obviously, happiness sets off sadness. This is a smile that suppresses infinite pain, a bitter smile. Deeply reveals the thoughts and feelings in a specific environment. "Laugh and anger, not only crack the corner of my eye; Long song is full of worries "(Liu Zongyuan). It's just that it's unusually deep and strong.
On the relationship between dynamic and static writing, some unique famous sentences of the ancients are more talked about by poets of all ages. There are two lines in Wang Ji's poem "Entering Ruoyexi" in the Southern Liang Dynasty: "The cicada makes the forest quiet and the Yingong Mountain more secluded". The contrast between dynamic and static shocked the poetry circle and won "I thought I was unique outside the literary world at that time" (Biography of Liang Shu Literature).
Wang Anshi is undoubtedly an excellent poet. Earlier, he wrote a poem "At noon, pigeons sing in spring, living alone in the forest and quiet in the valley", which is a realm with the royal family. However, his understanding of "seclusion" was somewhat biased and was criticized by later generations. He thinks that birdsong will destroy the tranquility of the mountain forest. Therefore, there is a sentence in "Zhongshan is a thing" written by him that "the eaves of thatched trees sit relatively all day, and a bird does not sing the mountain, which is more secluded". Later generations laughed at his revision as "turning stone into gold". Because Ji Wang focused on "quietness". Quiet, is a dynamic quiet, giving people a clear and comfortable feeling. Therefore, cicada singing and bird singing enhance the sense of tranquility in the mountains. Wang Anshi's mistake lies in his absolute "quietness". Excessive silence, a world without living things, can only arouse the feeling of desolation, loneliness and even terror, and is by no means a quiet and quiet environment. "If a bird doesn't sing over the old case, the predecessors will laugh at the future generations" (Wu Zhizhen: On the accidental success of poetry). No wonder Wang Anshi was criticized.
Making good use of dynamic and static contrast will often produce the artistic effect of abnormal peak. Please look at the poem "100 million Jiangnan" written by Marshal Chen Yi: "Let the sky shine and the moon stand as a camp. The breeze makes me sleepy, the dense trees are like clouds, and I miss the enemy in my dreams. " Guerrillas are very tired of fighting in mountains and valleys. On such a good night, they should have a good sleep against the breeze. However, as revolutionary fighters, we should keep a high degree of vigilance to prevent the enemy's sudden attack. The phrase "dreaming of the enemy" describes the guerrilla's full vigilance against the enemy and the lofty quality of infinite loyalty to the revolutionary cause. A sunny night looks calm, but the environment is sinister. In the eyes of guerrillas, "dense trees" have become "clouds" that surround their enemies. "Dreaming about the enemy" is the mental outlook of revolutionary soldiers who are ready to meet the enemy at any time. Here, static is the appearance, and dynamic is the inner world. The static state outside is against the dynamic state inside, and the artistic effect is stronger.
In a word, we can find their interrelated points and compare them among many contradictory things, such as poverty and wealth, emptiness and reality, beauty and ugliness, distance and so on. You can figure it out yourself. Here's an example:
A good black,/black as rosewood; /a person is so white,/as white as cotton wool,/how comfortable a person is,/but he doesn't stop crying; It's a pity, but I want to sing a happy song. (Ai Qing: "A Black Girl Singing")
Ai Qing wrote this in Rio de Janeiro when he went abroad in the mid-1950s. The poet found the inner connection from a series of opposing things, such as master and slave, white and black, comfort and pity, crying and singing. The whole poem deeply engraves the sadness and pain of the black nanny by means of contrast. Compared with Bai Juyi's "Selling Charcoal Weng", "poor clothes and simple clothes, worrying about charcoal and looking at the cold."
This contrast technique is well used, which is really unexpected and amazing. Look at a poem by Liushahe again:
My neighbor's face is so spring./He invites me every night. /full of alcohol,/full of complaints,/very affectionate to me. /I recently rebelled and became an official. /autumn scenery suddenly appeared in my face. /Expose my "poison",/criticize my "restoration",/break off friendship unexpectedly/his puppy is too confused,/wag its tail and lick its tongue at me,/I said don't do this to him,/he doesn't understand,/he has a language barrier. (Liushahe: Neighborhood, Six Hometowns Part IV).
Compare people who speak the same language with dogs who don't understand the language. Dogs are still nostalgic, but people "change their faces as soon as they get wider", which is worse than dogs. Really talented!
There is also a paradox, or paradox, that is, the meaning of a sentence is not directly expressed, but opposite and opposite. The meaning of the latter sentence denies the meaning of the former sentence, but in this negation, the poet's original intention is emphasized. For example, "but since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, it is even more worrying to raise wine to drown our sorrows" and so on, which can also be classified as "contrast".
At the time of the fourth watch, Zigui cried. At first, I saw that silkworms were thick and afraid of thin leaves. I didn't believe Liu Yue, who was holding her head, and the jade man didn't return from singing and dancing. (Song Xie Fangde: Silkworm Girl)
Here, "unbelief" is a kind of irony, but the fact is that if you don't believe it, you have to believe it. In contrast to the profligacy and shamelessness of the feudal ruling class, silkworm women are good at raising silkworms. However, the result of the hard work of the silkworm sweepers is to let those "jade people" who are all in the forefront sing and dance. This makes the poet's original intention suddenly appear and the artistic conception of the poem deepen.