-20 15 national famous new agricultural products
Wanzhou Guhongju, also known as Danju, is one of the characteristic citrus varieties in Wanzhou, Chongqing, with a long history of more than 4,000 years. Wanzhou Guhongju, called Danju in ancient times, is one of the excellent varieties of ancient crops cultivated by the people in the Three Gorges reservoir area, and it is also the longest cultivated variety in the world. These orange trees are called' ancient red oranges' because their genetic inheritance is unique and more competitive than hybrid genes, so the appearance and characteristics of their offspring are the same as those of their ancestors thousands of years ago.
According to research, more than 4000 years ago, Wanzhou people domesticated wild oranges into artificially cultivated red oranges. The local "Ba County Records" contains: "There is an orange (red orange) pomelo in the west, which is planted in a copper pot, such as rice." It can be seen that the Yangtze River in Chongqing has been a veritable orange town since ancient times, with excellent fruit flavor and prosperous citrus trade. "Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi" records: "Thousands of trees and oranges in Jiangling, Shu Han are all like Wan Huhou." Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, described the grand occasion of citrus development in Sichuan and Chongqing areas in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in "Geography of the New Tang Dynasty": "Where the climate is suitable for citrus cultivation, every household grows citrus and everyone loves it." During the Western Han Dynasty, Wanzhou orange "produced a lot" and became a royal tribute. At that time, the trade in oranges was at its peak. At that time, the imperial court set up the post of "orange official" here and levied orange tax. In addition, Wanzhou Guhongju is also one of the earliest citrus varieties in China. Zheng He brought Wanzhou orange to the other side of the sea when he went to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty named Wanzhou Red Orange "Dahongpao". Up to now, Wanzhou orange is still a good tribute to the gods or ancestors of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia.
According to the investigation of relevant departments, Wanzhou Guhongju has become the largest Guhongju in China with a planting scale of 6.5438 0.5 million mu, accounting for 6.5438 0.3 of the domestic Guhongju. The annual output reaches 6.5438+0.3 million tons, accounting for about 50% of the national ancient red orange output; Quality is the best. Because of its bright red color, large fruit, easy peeling, sweet and sour taste and convenient eating, it won the first place in the quality of ancient red oranges in China for many times. The most extensive market, has been sold throughout the country, exported to Russia and other countries and regions; The easiest to cultivate. Fruitful ancient red orange trees are planted on barren hillsides and steep cliffs. It is the largest gene bank of Guhongju in China and even in the world, which can be used for the study of citrus genetic traits, citrus genetic breeding and other fields, providing rich genetic resources for cultivating various excellent citrus varieties, and becoming the largest Guhongju producing area in China.