Cao Cao in Wei and Jin Dynasties
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
[Notes]
1 Jieshi: the name of the mountain. There are two kinds of Jieshi Mountain, which refers to Dajieshi Mountain at this time. One word refers to Jieshi Mountain in Changli County, Hebei Province.
② Lian: The water waves are swaying.
(3) stand tall.
4 xinghan: galaxy.
[background]
Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he was wooing Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao, swore the Northern Expedition in May, and left Lulong Village in July to face Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.
[Appreciation]
The first two paragraphs point out the position of "watching the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high above it, with a broad vision and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this.
"The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at the beginning, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.
"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The first two sentences specifically describe this mountainous island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the island is lush with trees and rich in herbs, giving people a sense of business. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, there is nothing bleak and desolate. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The previous description is observed from the sea. These four sentences are related to the vast universe, presenting the momentum and strength of the sea to readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and is full of the momentum of "the five mountains start from the square". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as Looking at the Sea.
"Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung." This is a group of words in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem and needs no elaboration.
[Function]
Literally, the sea, mountain islands, vegetation, autumn wind, and even the sun, moon and stars are all immediate scenery. This poem describing natural scenery seems to have never been written by Cao Cao in the history of China literature. It not only describes the whole landscape, but also has its own style. It is the earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry in China, especially loved by literary historians. This poem, written on the autumn sea, can wash away the sentimental sentiment of sad autumn and is vigorous and magnificent, which is closely related to Cao Cao's tolerance, personality and even aesthetic taste.
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. By writing about the sea, the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions. But this kind of feeling is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery, which contains feelings. Every sentence is about the scenery and every sentence is lyrical. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland. Seeing the magnificent scenery of the motherland's mountains and rivers aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland. So with the help of rich imagination, to fully express this desire. The author compares himself to the sea and expresses the poet's broad mind and heroism by writing about the momentum of the sea devouring the universe. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. Sun and Moon is the climax of landscape writing and the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "as full of vitality as veteran Yan". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and is magnificent, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist. Reading its poems really makes people feel like people.
[link]
Read the article "Looking at the Sea"/Chen Xiaoyan
At the beginning of the month, I read Cao Cao's poem Looking at the Sea. When I first read it, I failed to understand its connotation. But I remember. Today in the car, I somehow remembered it and memorized it. I've also thought about its meaning. I think although it doesn't rhyme, it also has its artistic conception, which includes the magnificent scene of the sea. So, when I got home, I dug out the book again, found this poem and read it carefully against my notes.
"Jieshi looks at the sea in the east." Write down the position when you look, and look at the sea facing Jieshi, which is simple and clear. "What is water, mountain island. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " Write momentum. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " How vast the sea is and how brilliant the sun, moon and stars are. After reading this, people can't help but think that the author must also be a very accomplished person who can be all-powerful
A poem can often reflect a person's mood at that time, even his own mood once. The key is to understand the emotion, connotation and momentum of poetry. However, these can only be realized after careful chewing. Just like Yan, a great painter in Tang Dynasty, went to see the murals of Zhang Sengyou, a painter in Liang Dynasty several times, we should observe them carefully to understand the mystery. The taste can only penetrate gradually through repeated tasting. Especially masterpieces, its charm is also here.
Songlines
Author: Cao Cao
Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?
For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable.
How to solve your worries? It is difficult to have Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.
But for your sake, I've thought it over.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the moon, when can I stop?
The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless.
Talk about it, and remember the past.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain will never be too high and the water will never be too deep.
The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
In the face of wine, you have to sing, life is short.
Just like the morning dew is fleeting, there are too many lost days!
The songs on the table are passionate and generous, and melancholy has filled my heart for a long time.
By what to alleviate depression? Only binge drinking can set you free.
Those students who wear blue-collar (Zhou Dynasty bachelor's clothing), you make me miss day and night.
It is because of you that I have been singing the purple tune in a low voice.
In the sunshine, the deer are chirping on the green slope and eating leisurely.
Once talented people from all over the world come to our home, I will entertain guests in blowing sheng.
The bright moon hanging in the sky, you are running and never stop;
My long-standing worries and resentment suddenly welled up and merged into a long river.
Guests from afar came to see me one after another on the field path.
Meet again after a long separation, have a long talk, have a full meal, and try to tell the old feelings.
The moon rises, the stars twinkle, and a flock of nesting blackbirds fly south.
Fly around the tree for three weeks without breaking your wings. Where can you live?
The mountains do not hesitate to look at the towering rocks, but the sea does not abandon the trickle to see the grandeur. (To make a metaphor, people should be "meritocratic" and the more the better. )
Only treat virtuous people like Duke Zhou. (The Duke of Zhou sees a wise man, spits out the food he chews, and immediately collects it. In Historical Records, Duke Zhou said to himself, "If you hold your hair for three times and vomit for three times, you may lose the sages of the world." ), in order to make the whole world turn to me.
Appreciation of Cao Cao's Going Out of Xiamen to See the Sea
Jieshi (1) is looking at the sea in the east. What is water? ②, ③. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough. A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; The star Han is brilliant. 5. Surprise him. Fortunately, Lian zai, Song wants to chant Chi Liu.
Note ① Jieshi: The mountain name is in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province. It is also said that Jieshi Mountain at that time has sunk to the bottom of the sea today. Cao Cao's invasion route to attack Wuhuan was through Lulongsai (now from Jixian County, Tianjin, via xifengkou, and eastward to Lengkou) to Liucheng. He had passed Jieshi Mountain on his way back to Li, so he decided to get on the boat. He: How much is it? Lian: The majestic appearance. 3 Mountain Island: refers to Jieshi Mountain, which was at the seaside at that time. Pull branches (s ǒ ng chi 6533333 4 bleak: the sound of autumn wind. ⑤ Xinghan: Tianhe. Fortunately, it was added when musicians joined together, which has no practical significance. There are four poems in Out of Summer Gate, and there are two sentences behind each poem. Lucky, lucky. To the extreme.
Make an appreciative comment
Walking out of Xiamen, also known as Longxi West, belongs to Xiangruge tonal tune of ancient Yuefu. "Xiamen" was originally the city gate at the western end of Luoyang city. The Han Dynasty was called Xiamen, and the Wei and Jin Dynasties was called Great Xiamen. There are only two ancient words: "People in the city are easy, and the tomb of a thousand years old is flat" (see Shan Li's note in Selected Works). The Yuefu Poetry Collection also records an ancient poem, Evil Path Goes Over the Empty Lodge, which describes the matter of achieving the Tao as a fairy. This article by Cao Cao, Records of Le Shu in the Song Dynasty, is listed as a Daqu with the title Jieshi Stepping out of Xiamen. Judging from the content of the poem, it has nothing to do with the meaning of the topic, so it can be seen that it is just writing current affairs through ancient inscriptions. The poem begins with the word "Yan" (overture) and is divided into four chapters (chapters): watching the sea, winter in October, strange land and longevity of turtles. For example, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), Wu Huan won the Northern Expedition and returned to Li.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, warlords fought for the Central Plains, and Wuhuan, who lived in western Liaoning, was powerful, attacking cities and plundering land in the south, which became a serious border problem in Hebei. In the tenth year of Jian 'an (205), Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Shao's ruling foundation in Hebei, and Yuan Shao vomited blood and died. His sons, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, fled to Wuhuan and colluded with Wuhuan nobles many times. At that time, Cao Cao was in a disadvantageous position between the north and the south: Liu Biao and Liu Bei occupied Jingxiang in the south, and yuan brothers and Wuhuan in the north. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Cao Cao adopted the advice of Guo Jia, a counselor, and led his army northward in the summer of the twelfth year of Jian 'an, ending in May and July. In autumn, there was a flood, and the road by the sea was impassable. Later, he accepted Tian Chou's suggestion and changed his course flatly. After Xu Wushan, he went to the Cylon, pointing to Liucheng, and won the first world war. In September, he returned to Li smoothly, passing through Jieshi and other places, and wrote this group of famous poems by borrowing the old title of Yuefu's "Walking out of Xiamen". This poem describes the scenery around Heshuo, expresses personal ambition and embodies the heroic spirit of the poet.
As for Cao Cao's coming to Jieshi from the east, it was thought that it was when he was going to northern expedition to Wuhuan. In fact, this view does not conform to historical facts and is not credible. We looked up the records in the History of the Three Kingdoms, the Ji of Emperor Wudi and the Biography of Tian Chou. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi on his way home from the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan. Because he is in a flood, the road near the sea is impassable, so he has to take the path from Xuwushan to western Liaoning. "In September, Gong quoted from Liucheng, and ... Eleven Xiao. He should "visit Jieshi" and "see the sea" in September this year (2007) or at the beginning of 10. As for where Jieshi Mountain is today, there is still controversy in academic circles, either it sank into the sea in Laoting County, Hebei Province, or it was Jieshi Mountain in the north of Changli County, Hebei Province. In any case, when Cao Cao ascends the mountain, it should be a high stone mountain near the sea.
"Jieshi is in the east, looking at the sea. The first two paragraphs point out the position of "watching the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high in the sea, with a wide view and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this. " The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery "is the general impression of seeing the sea at first, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting." ""Lian Lian "describes the vastness of the sea; "How, how, today's word" how "is a beautiful sigh. If you add beauty to the beauty, you can imagine the vastness of the sea. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.
"There are many trees and plenty of herbs. The autumn wind is bleak, and Hongbo surges. " The first two sentences specifically describe this mountainous island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the island is lush with trees and rich in herbs, giving people a sense of business. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, it is not as bleak and desolate as autumn. In the history of China literature, due to the writer's world outlook, situation and other reasons, since Song Yu's "Nine Arguments" opened the first sound of sad autumn literature, how many poets and writers shed tears in the autumn wind, watching the fallen leaves, feeling hurt! Cao, on the other hand, faced the bleak autumn wind and wrote about the vastness of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea was surging and mighty; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind.
"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " The previous description is observed from the sea. These four sentences are related to the vast universe, presenting the momentum and strength of the sea to readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, which shows the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and is full of the momentum of "the five mountains start from the square". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". (See Zhong Xing's Review of Ancient Poems, Volume 7) From the heart, a poet would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene without great political ambition, ambition to make contributions and optimism about the future. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as Looking at the Sea. Of course, "domineering" is a kind of ridicule, but if "domineering" is understood as the ambition to unify China, then this kind of artistic appreciation is still desirable.
"Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung." This is a group of words in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem and needs no elaboration. Literally, the sea, mountain islands, vegetation, autumn wind, and even the sun, moon and stars are all immediate scenery. This poem describing natural scenery seems to have never been written by Cao Cao in the history of China literature. It not only describes the whole landscape, but also has its own style. It is the earliest masterpiece of landscape poetry in China, especially loved by literary historians. It is worth pointing out that the objective natural scenery reflected in the poet's mind must be subjectively filtered by the poet-understanding, blending, selecting and emphasizing, and then form an artistic product. This product is not only the reflection of the objective world, but also the condensation of the poet's subjective spirit. This poem, written on the autumn sea, can wash away the sentimental sentiment of sad autumn and is vigorous and magnificent, which is closely related to Cao Cao's tolerance, personality and even aesthetic taste. So, even pure landscape works. Because a work, even a pure landscape work, cannot be a purely objective photographic work.
In addition, Cao Cao's existing more than 20 poems, although they are all old poems from Yuefu, are all brand-new. Shen Deqian pointed out: "Writing current events in ancient Yuefu began with Cao Gong." This is also a bold breakthrough in the history of China literature. This new style, which attaches importance to reflecting real life and is not bound by old songs and old sayings, has greatly promoted the development of China's literary realism. This achievement of Cao Cao is also worthy of recognition and praise.