To annotate ...
① Wanghai Building: also known as Chaozhou Building, namely Donghetang East Building. On the Phoenix Mountain in Hangzhou, you can see the Qiantang River Tide, which is one of the scenic spots in Hangzhou. There are five poems. Choose the first one here.
2 pointing: between pointing and looking, the description time is very short. It's a moment, a moment.
③ Twelve times: one is "twenty times".
Comment and analysis
The Qiantang River spring tide is a world-famous tidal wonder. Especially on August 18th (sometimes 17th) of the lunar calendar every year, seawater flows from Hangzhou Bay into the trumpet-shaped mouth of Qiantang River, and it is excited with the river, forming a tidal head as high as 3-5 meters, like Ma Benteng, surging and making an earth-shattering roar. The tide head hit the Qiantang River embankment, splashing waves tens of meters high, and the scene was extremely spectacular. This is the famous tide of Qiantang River. Throughout the ages, Qiantang Opera has attracted countless poets and writers, giving them many wonderful artistic inspirations, thus writing many famous works praising Qiantang Opera. Su Shi's Night View of Wanghailou (I) is one of the famous works.
There are five quatrains in this group of poems named Night View of Wanghailou, which were written by Su Shi when he boarded Wanghailou in the fifth year of Xining (1072). In his book Answer to Meng Fan, he said: "I was sent to the state governor's examination on the 10th, so I had to sit around in Wanghai Building in Zhonghetang for more than 20 days, and gradually felt comfortable. I sent a few poems to smile. " That's it. The first song chosen here describes the tides in Qiantang River.
The first sentence of this poem: "The first line of waves comes", the author stands on the Wanghai Building and looks at the rising tide on the horizon. Zhou Mi, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once recorded in "Watching Tides in Wulin": "The tide in Zhejiang is also a magnificent world view ... only when it is far away from Haimen is it like a silver line; As soon as I approached, the snow-capped mountains in Yucheng came from the international sky ... "In the article Baiyangdian Tide in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Zhang Dai also said that" standing on the pond, I saw the front line of the tide and came from Haining ",which shows that the author used the" front line "to describe the tide on the horizon here, which is very true and accurate.
But then, the author did not describe the specific process of the tide "falling from the sky". The author didn't write its imposing manner of "stunning blaster, swallowing up fertile fields" (cautiously), nor did he write its "silver in the sea is the outline, jade in the river is the waist" (Yang Wanli), let alone its "suspecting the sea and the air, beating drums on all sides" (Pan Lang). Instead, avoid these, and use the phrase "there is a pile of snow in front of the building" to directly write the scene that the tide rushes to the river bank, arouses foam waves, sprays beads and splashes jade, just like a snow drift. In other words, the first sentence is written in the tide and the second sentence is written in the tide.
Why does the author write like this? Is it because the sight of the tide coming from the horizon is not worth writing about? Of course not; Is the author unable to write it? Of course not. We analyze that there may be two reasons for the author to write this way: first, because there are many words describing the tide in the past, even if the author deliberately tries his best to describe it, I am afraid it is difficult to jump out of the box and surpass the precedent; Secondly, because what the author wrote is only a seven-character quatrain, in such a short space, even if every sentence is written in the scene of tidal bore, I'm afraid it's hard to say it in detail. So the author simply cut out the narrative of this process, which caused a big leap in structure and brought the front of the horizon to the readers at once.
The word "after looking" seems to mean that the tide has jumped from the horizon to the foot at the moment when the author gives directions and looks around, which is naturally an exaggeration. Because although the speed of the tide can reach 10 meter per second, there is also a process from the "first wave" on the horizon to the piles of snow waves in front of the building, which will never happen in an instant. It is obviously the general trend that the author uses the word "refers to gu"; His purpose is only to create a strong impression, not to describe it in detail, which leaves us with a broad imagination space: we seem to see the raging tide at the beginning of the tide, the towering tidal heads of "waves like snow falling from the mountain" (Li Bai) and "head touching the mountain" (Liu Yuxi), and feel the avalanche in nature. In this free and creative imagination, we have greatly enriched the pictures provided by the author and gained a stronger artistic feeling-it should be said that it is the greatest success of this poem that enables readers to do this!
The last two sentences of the poem, "From now on, you must go to the monarch, but look at the Yinshan twelve times", are no longer a positive description of the tides in Qiantang River, but a virtual description and comparison. He advised the people who came with him to cherish every opportunity to watch the tide. Whenever the tide rises, they have to climb the Wanghai Tower to see this picturesque spectacle. Don't miss it until "See the Silver Mountain Twelve Times Again"! Between the lines, there is great love and heartfelt admiration for the beauty of the tides, which can be described as deep affection. This way of writing in vain not only does not weaken the image of the whole poem, but also expands the emotional capacity of the whole poem, further exaggerates the tidal beauty of Qiantang and makes the whole poem beautiful, emotional and artistic. This is also one of the important reasons why this poem has become a famous landscape masterpiece.
The last word of this poem is "12", and some books are called "20 verses". In the past, it seems that the explanation of which writing method should be used is not sufficient. For example, some books say that "twenty times" is "many words", but isn't it more common to use it thirty or forty times? Why do you like Twenty Times better? There are also some books that say "twelve times is the best", but where is the "best", it is not convincing.
We believe that the "twelve" in the poem should be a real number, that is, it refers to twelve months in a year, and "twelve times in the mountains" refers to the tidal scene once a month. Because of the tidal force formed by the sun, the moon and the earth in a straight line, the Qiantang River has two or three days of tidal waves every month, but it is not as spectacular as the autumn tide on August 18, and it is world-famous. In fact, "seeing the Yinshan Mountain for 12 times" means that the tidal scene can't be put down every month, especially on August 18 next year, and it will be fulfilled to see the magnificent tidal scene again. This fully shows the author's anxiety and eagerness. We think this understanding may be more practical than other explanations.