Three main viewpoints of China's debate on modern culture.

First, the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" has an urgent practical tendency, and its content is limited to the narrow scope of "one ship, two firearms, three training troops", and western culture has not been fully introduced and rationally examined.

Second, the Westernization Movement of "Chinese style and western use" triggered a debate on the relationship between Chinese and western cultures in the ideological field, which greatly deepened people's understanding of the relationship between Chinese and western cultures.

3. The top-down reform advocated by Kang, Liang and Tan failed. However, as a bourgeois cultural enlightenment, what the reformists did had a profound and far-reaching impact. The highest achievement in this respect is Yan Fu. Sun Yat-sen made a concrete analysis of Chinese and Western cultures on the premise of affirming that China culture lags behind western capitalist culture in general, and pointed out that China's cultural tradition is not without merit, and there are many positive aspects such as "self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world", which is a unique treasure in China's political philosophy. He proposed to take the essence of Chinese and western cultures and integrate them. This is the theoretical program of the three people's principles democratic revolution. "Nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood".

There is also the New Culture Movement (democracy and science) advocated by Chen Duxiu and the dispute between science and metaphysics.