Through the discussion of Su Shi's practice of taking poetry as ci, this paper realizes that Su Shi's attempt to "melt poetry" has changed the original aesthetic characteristics of ci, but it has greatly broadened the realm and theme of ci, making the morality of the article and children's affairs coexist in ci, and then bringing the function of "expressing ambition" into ci, greatly improving the literary status of ci. Su Shi carried out the literary idea of "Ming Dow's practice" in the field of Ci-poetry, and introduced "poetic way" into the creation of Ci-poetry, which promoted the relatively humble Ci-poetry, carried and publicized the personality strength and subjective spirit of the literati in Ci-poetry, and realized the unity of poetic way and Ci-poetry.
Key words: Su Shi, taking poetry as a word, has differences in poetry, has harmony in poetry, and is dominated by scholar-bureaucrat spirit. When people talk about Su Shi's ci, they regard him as a great poet who opened a new atmosphere in the Song Dynasty, regardless of praise or criticism. Like the catalogue of Siku Quanshu? Songs and songs? The conclusion of Dongpo's ci is: "Since the late Tang Dynasty, the style of ci is mainly beautiful and graceful, and it has changed since Liu Yong. For example, the poet Bai Juyi and the poet Han Yu, so they started a school of Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, tracing back to the source. However, it is impossible to say no, but it is also impossible to say no.
Therefore, today, it is still in the same school as Huajian and cannot go hand in hand. "The above quotation compares Su Shi and Han Yu, and thinks that Su Shi's position in the history of ci is roughly the same as that of Han Yu in the history of poetry. Whether this view is acceptable or not, Han Yu's poems are indeed unique in the history of poetry, which is conclusive.
And what kind of deformity is Su Shi's ci in the history of ci? This is obviously not clear in a few words, and will be explained in detail below. The following is a famous sentence of the Song Dynasty poet's evaluation of Su Shi's ci: "Retreat and take prose as poetry, and the son takes poetry as ci, such as teaching the workshop to make the thunder dance." Although extremely world-famous, it should be non-original. "
(1) Chen Shidao's point of view is basically consistent with the above quotation, and further points out that the basic feature of Su Ci is "taking poetry as a word". What does Chen Shidao mean by "taking poetry as a word"? He didn't make it clear, but his evaluation of Su Ci was clear. Generally speaking, he thinks that Su Ci is an exception and an alternative in Ci, not a true color, which should be clear.
The question is why "taking poetry as a word" is "although it is extremely world-class, it must be unnatural" The reason can only be "different poems".
First, the reason for taking poetry as a word: Poetry is different (1) Different external forms: Poems that cannot be read out are different. As far as the external form of words is concerned, compared with Qi Yan's modern poems, most of the words are miscellaneous, but there are a few exceptions. Take "Jade Tower Spring" as an example. Four sentences and seven words in each sentence.
At first glance, it looks very similar to the Seven Laws. Therefore, it is inevitable that mistakes will be made when poetry is distinguished only by appearance.
If the difference between poetry and poetry is limited to this, it is not a big problem for literati's creation, especially for everyone, but just changing the arrangement of words and phrases is completely competent. But the problem is that words are sung with the help of cooperative music and need to be filled according to the sound, that is, according to the prescribed phonological relationship, so words are also called "tune words"
Compared with uninspired modern poetry, words are more closely related to music. It is said that Su Shi's ci poems are often inconsistent, as Li Qingzhao said: "Perilla is eager to learn from heaven and man and write small words, as straight as the water shines on the sea. But every sentence is not harmonious and often inconsistent. "
(2) If the lyrics can't keep up with the sound, this so-called "poem that you don't read if you don't fix it". There are always different opinions about Li Yian's theory, and Su Shi's understanding and reconciliation records are also found in the works of Song people.
Because the study of the word law is almost lost, it is a difficult point in the word law, especially for a beginner. Therefore, you can only press 1 to follow the old adage that "those who don't know don't know".
(2) The difference of artistic conception theme: Poetry is different in the breadth and length of words, and the biggest difference should be the difference of artistic conception theme, which is of course in the basic characteristics of traditional graceful words and words, because "graceful words" account for the vast majority of the total words compared with the so-called "bold words". Regarding the difference of artistic conception theme between poems, Wang Guowei has a very accurate comment in "Ci Hua on Earth": "Ci is the body, so it should be reserved and refined, and it can say what poetry can't say, but it can't say what poetry can say. Poetry has a wide territory and a long speech. "
The so-called "wide" means that the artistic theme of "poetry" is broader and grander than that of "ci", while the so-called "long words" means subtle and meticulous, so the artistic conception is delicate and feminine. Therefore, "word" should be more graceful than "poem".
Is this comment correct? Take the humanities in the late Tang Dynasty as an example to illustrate: I made Su Wu disappear, but the soul and flesh remained. This temple still exists, and the trees live forever. Su Wu Temple.
The detention of the North Sea book is cut off, and the moon is above the head; The hungry sheep are back, and the vast grassland has been blackened by dusk. Back to Japanese architecture, he left it because of the young hat and sword.
Marquis Hou Feng commemorates the emperor, who has never met his subjects; Empty to the eyes of the first emperor, lamenting the past years. Bodhisattva mountains overlap, and the temples are full of fragrant cheeks and snow.
Lazy painting and slicing, late makeup and washing. Look at the flowers in the front mirror and the back mirror. The picture is very harmonious.
Newly embroidered rollo, both golden partridges. Wen is a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty and a representative of the so-called "Huajian School" poets.
Even if you haven't read the above two poems, anyone who knows a little can tell that one is a poem and the other is a poem. As Wang Jing 'an said above, the artistic conception of poetry is obviously different.
As far as the works quoted above are concerned, the theme of the poem is homesickness, and the theme of the word is in my heart forever. And the artistic conception they create is obviously different. Poetry is sad, and words are gentle and delicate.
But the problem followed. Why do the same writer have such obvious differences in artistic conception when writing poems and lyrics? Moreover, this is not an individual phenomenon. Comparing the poems of the literati in Song Dynasty, we will find many similar situations. A scholar-bureaucrat who always writes poems and articles is full of Taoist thoughts. Once he writes the lyrics, he will often be completely unrecognizable and completely different.
The reason is that the literati class in Song Dynasty realized the functional attributes of Ci. Song.
2. About
Every time (Dongpo's) article comes, Ouyang (Xiu) is happy for it all day, that's all. One day with (a? Speaking of the article about Dongpo, Ouyang Xiu sighed: You remember this sentence, after 30 years, no one in the world will talk about me! During the years of Chongning and Daguan, overseas poetry was very popular, and young people no longer talked about Ouyang Xiu.
At this time, even though the imperial court once banned (overseas poems) and raised the reward to 80W, the ban was stricter and spread more, and they often praised each other with (overseas poems). Scholar-bureaucrats (nouns don't need to be translated) can't understand Dongpo's poems, which makes them feel sad, but some people say that Dongpo's poems have no rhythm.
1. Writing/doing is what people say. 1. For example, 2. The scholar-officials who didn't read Dongpo's poems well felt humiliated (short of breath). 3. Key point: Open mind.
3. The Story of Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu When Su Shi took the exam in Beijing, Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master in the Northern Song Dynasty, presided over the exam.
When he was examining and approving the paper, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous and superb writing style. In order to prevent favoritism, the papers at that time were all anonymous.
Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first, he felt that this article was very similar to that written by his favorite pupil Ceng Gong, and he was afraid of falling behind the crowd, so he finally rated the second. It was not until the list was published that Ouyang Xiu knew that the author of the article was Su Shi.
After learning the truth, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care at all. Su Shi's generosity 3231313335323635438+034313032313635333e 78988e 69d83313. It means that such a talented young man really needs to make him stand out (that's how the idiom comes from) and formally accept Su Shi as an apprentice.
Extended data:
Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi are dazzling binary stars in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the poetry innovation movement, Ouyang Xiu was a brave and fearless standard bearer, and Su Shi was a veritable pioneer.
They United a group of talented writers respectively, and jointly created the glory of Northern Song literature. Ouyang Xiu was Su Shi's childhood idol. He reads his works, recites his poems, and wants to treat him as a human being and a teacher.
Ouyang Xiu was promoted to the second place in the ritual examination in the second year of Jiayou, which caused a storm and greatly changed the atmosphere of the examination room. Ou Su's age difference is 30 years, and they became friends. Two generations of literati have successively completed the innovation of poetry and prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and jointly created the glory of literature in the Northern Song Dynasty.
There is also the name of "Europe and the Soviet Union" in history, which inspires future generations in many ways. Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi were both born in present-day Sichuan, and Bashu culture enlightened them.
Ouyang Xiu and Su Dongpo were good friends in the Northern Song Dynasty, and their relationship was that of Bole and Maxima. Reference 1: Baidu Encyclopedia-Ouyang Xiu Reference 2: Baidu Encyclopedia-Su Shi.
4. Su Shi's prose and Ouyang Xiu are called "Ou Su" because Su Shi's prose is rich and unrestrained.
Su Shi has made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting.
1, Su Shi's poems have a wide range of themes, are fresh and vigorous, make good use of exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style. They are also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
2. Su Shi's ci is an uninhibited school, and he is the representative of the uninhibited school together with Xin Qiji, and is also called "Su Xin".
3. Su Shi's prose is rich and unrestrained, and he is called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu.
4. Su Shi, Su Xun and Su Zhe are called "Three Sus".
5. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in the Song Dynasty, referred to as "the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
6. Su Shi, Ouyang Xiu, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were collectively called "the four great writers of the ages" by later generations.
7. Su Shi's good books, together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang, are called "Song Sijia".
8. Su Shi is also good at literati painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood.
Extended data:
In February of the second year of Jiayou (1057), Ouyang Xiu, who has reached the age of knowing his destiny, became the examiner of Gong Ju of the Ministry of Rites, presided over the Jinshi examination as a bachelor of Hanlin, and advocated plain writing style, which had a great influence on the transformation of writing style in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In this exam, Ouyang Xiu also saw a good answer sheet, with fluent language and thorough reasoning. Ouyang Xiu probably belongs to his own student Ceng Gong. This style of writing needs to be encouraged, but it is "one of our own" after all. If I can't get the first place, I'll take this paper as the second.
Results After the examination paper was opened, it was found that the author of this paper was Su Shi. Along with Su Shi, he was admitted by Ouyang Xiu, as well as his younger brother Su Zhe and a number of important figures in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu made outstanding contributions to the Northern Song Dynasty court and even the whole history of literature with his outstanding ability to recognize people.
Su Shi wrote a thank-you letter to Ouyang Xiu after he was admitted to Jinshi. Ouyang Xiu praised Su Shi for his good writing style, saying that he "didn't feel sweaty" after reading his letter, and felt that he should also avoid the young man's three points. He admired Su Shi, and Su Shi did not live up to Ouyang Xiu's expectations, and eventually became another cultural giant after Ouyang Xiu.
In his later years, Ouyang Xiu often took out articles written when he was young and revised them. The lady protested bitterly: "It's too much trouble at such a big age. You are still a child, afraid that your husband will scold you? " Ouyang Xiu said with a smile: "I am not afraid of being scolded by the teacher, but I am afraid of being laughed at in the future." This sense of literary history and serious attitude have made a generation of literary masters.
Sogou Encyclopedia-Song Sijia
Sogou Encyclopedia-Su Shi (a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties)
Sogou Encyclopedia-Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties
Sogou Encyclopedia-Ouyang Xiu (a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties)
5. What are the similarities between Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi? I'm sorry I didn't see it clearly just now. This year marks the 1000th anniversary of the birth of Ouyang Xiu, a literary master in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Ouyang Xiu is the successor of Han Yu, the initiator of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty. They express their feelings by writing, advocating that articles should be timely and have healthy thoughts, feelings and language, which played a powerful role in the development of Tang and Song literature. Thirty years after Ouyang Xiu was born, Su Shi, another writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Meizhou, Bashu.
Su Shi is a rising star, and five of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were appreciated and pulled out by Ouyang Xiu. Song Shi said: "After the stone, I saw him write a book. Mei said:" I should avoid this man going out. "
This is a masterpiece, which shows that Su Shi's talent is extraordinary. Ouyang Xiu has made great achievements in the field of prose, especially.
However, Su Shi's achievements in poetry surpassed Ouyang Xiu's. Both have been handed down from generation to generation.
This paper only focuses on the analysis and research of their poems, hoping to gain new understanding and enlightenment in the new century. Ouyang Xiu wrote four poems, namely Ode to Autumn Sound, Ode to Dream, Ode to Poplar and Ode to Fly.
Among them, Ode to Autumn Sound is the most influential, and people have speculated on learning in past dynasties. The dream narration is a eulogy in memory of his wife who died after two years of marriage.
The themes of the four poems are different, and their ideas and language are similar. Ode to Autumn Sound and Zuiweng Pavilion are the representative works of Ouyang Xiu's prose.
The preface to the drunken pavilion is more widely circulated. Ode to Autumn Sound was written on 1059, and the author was 53 years old.
There are naturally five paragraphs in the full text, and the author put pen to paper and immediately introduced the reader into the atmosphere of the scene-"Ouyang Xiufang studied at night, heard the sound of the southwest, and was afraid to listen to it, saying: What a shock!" The author's absorbed night reading was interrupted by the sudden autumn sound, so he was surprised. This article is developed in the first person.
In the second paragraph, he contacted the feeling of seasonal change, rather critical, and secretly realized that the cycle of time series is regular and meaningful, which is related to the personnel changes in human society. Man is the spirit of all things and has laws of nature.
Over 500 years old, he can't help speculating in the fourth paragraph that "those who are suitable for their jobs are wood, and those who are black are stars." Why compete for glory with non-stone quality vegetation? Think about who is a thief, why hate autumn sound! "Time is cruel and old, not all natural factors.
Ouyang Xiu lost his father at the age of four, his wife twice and his beloved daughter and son. His pen and ink for more than half a century is naturally deep and touching.
Ode to Autumn Sound is only over 400 words, but it shows the author's handwriting, concise and meaningful, and inspires us to care for and cherish life. But now I still remember that night, and the storm and "I wonder how many flowers were broken" impressed readers.
Qiu and Su Shi's "Qian Chi Bi Fu" have a certain connection in ideological content. The Ode to Boxwood was written on 1036. The writing background is that the author was demoted by the court for the first time and served as a county magistrate in Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei).
This sequence has only two natural segments. The author is boating in the middle of the river, looking at the boxwood trees in Yiling Valley, touching the scene, and the whole text is like a rigorous chanting poem.
When Ouyang Xiufang was in her thirties, she published Fu on the Poplar Tree. In this paper, the author compares the five oak trees and double tung trees carefully cared for by craftsmen in the court with boxwood growing in barren hills, and there is a sigh at the end-"Hehe! The sky is thin and the clouds are light, and the smoke is about to drip; Who will be rewarded for the negative section? Who knows when you are lonely? " However, the original intention of boxwood has not changed. Its roots are bent with stones and grow firmly and tenaciously between heaven and earth, which makes the author admire that "the more prosperous the festival is, the harder it is to get cold in the year."
This bioethics gave the author silent inspiration, gave him the courage to fight against the torrent of life and opened up a new realm of life. Compared with Ode to Autumn Sound, the author is more interested in the description of boxwood-"I don't know if moss is moss, the cliff is green, the branches are dense and foggy, and the root bend is stone; It is not loose, as elegant as a cypress.
There is a thin plate above, and there is a shock and excitement below; There is no way to break the stream, and the forest is high; Relying on the most dangerous places, there is no independence; The river has turned to be visible, and the peaks have gradually returned and separated slightly. "All the scenes are sentimental, and between the lines of Fu, it is not difficult for us to understand the author's praise for it.
One's life should have the belief of surpassing ordinary plants. Writing, like a person, also reflects his personality.
Wang Anshi, a famous figure in the Northern Song Dynasty, praised him so deeply in "Sacrifice to Ouyang Wenzhong", such as the profoundness of public instruments, the lofty knowledge, supplemented by the exquisiteness of academics, so he was portrayed in the article and saw in the discussion that he was heroic and elegant. The middle accumulator is vast; Those born outside are as rotten as the sun and stars.
Its clear voice and quiet rhyme are as sad as the sudden arrival of wind and rain; His eloquence is as fast as running a horse. Scholars all over the world don't ask what they know and what they don't know, but readers can know. "
Wang Anshi also said that he "achieved fame and fortune, but did not live in it." His source retreats and retreats, just like a heroic spirit. He does not rot with foreign things, and always cares about the side of Lushan and the beauty of Shui Ying. " In a few words, I outlined the height of Ou Gong.
Ouyang Xiu's career has been ups and downs for forty years. He was also a minister of the imperial court, once served as prime minister, and presided over the imperial examination for selecting talents, sparing no effort to carry forward the great righteousness. Today we read Ou Gong's legacy, just as Wang Anshi wrote, "You can know by reading it."
His ambition in life is well known. Wang Anshi also said in his eulogy: "Alas! After 40 years of official career, I feel that the road to the world is rugged, although dull and sleepy; Those who fled their homes but couldn't hide in the end were suppressed and made public because they had openly discussed the right and wrong.
The spirit of courage and integrity will last until late. "Since ancient times, it is not easy for an official to make such an evaluation.
Borrowing Wang Anshi's praise words at that time, we can truly understand Ouyang Xiu, restore Ouyang Xiu, and deeply understand the significance of commemorating Ouyang Xiu. "Narrating dreams" is unknown.
The conception of Hate the Fly is also quite different from Ode to Autumn Sound and Ode to Uncle Antelope. Generally speaking, the literary value of these two poems is not as good as that of Autumn and Ode to an Antelope Book, so they are not widely circulated.
Second, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi have a teacher-student relationship, that is, they forget to make friends. However, Su Shi's talent and influence in the cultural history of China surpassed that of his teachers.
Guangzhou Publishing House published eight collections of Tang and Song Prose in May 2004, among which Su Shi's prose ranked first with 15. Among them, there are pre-Chibi Fu, post-Chibi Fu and Mou Xing Fu.
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