(Yuan) Bai Pu
The sunset in the lonely village ②,
Western jackdaw ③, an old tree with light smoke, and
a little feihong ④.
green mountains and green waters,
white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers.
[Notes]
① Tianjingsha: the name of the tune
② Sunset: sunset glow.
③ Western jackdaw: a crow returning to the forest in cold weather.
④ Under the shadow of Fei Hong: the shadow of wild geese passes by.
⑤ Feihong: the swan goose in the sky.
There's a song with the same format:
Tianjingsha Qiu Si
Ma Zhiyuan
Old trees with withered vines crow,
Small bridges with flowing water,
Old roads with thin horses in the west wind.
when the sun sets,
heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
general idea: the sun is setting in the west, and the sunset glow on the horizon is gradually dissipating, leaving only a few dim colors, reflecting that the quiet village in the distance is so lonely, so lonely, dragging out long shadows. Smoke wafted faintly, and several crows perched on the rickety old tree, making a few chilling crows from time to time. Suddenly, a wild goose in the distance flew down and crossed the sky. Looking from a distance along it, the distant mountains are green and the streams are clear; Looking closer, frosty grass, flaming maple leaves and golden chrysanthemums are swaying together in the wind, and the colors are almost enchanting. It is a thick autumn scenery!
Appreciation: This article is selected from the Collection of Teana by Bai Pu (after 1126 ~ 136), whose original name was Heng, whose name was Renfu, and later changed to Park, whose name was Tai Su, whose name was Langu. Together with Ma Zhiyuan, Guan Hanqing and Zheng Guangzu, they are called the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera".
Although the title of this song is "Autumn", and it is full of autumn meaning, it is hard to find a word "Autumn". At the beginning of this song, a picture of autumn dusk is drawn to create a quiet and lonely atmosphere. Then, in the form of noun juxtaposition, typical autumn scenery is selected to depict a colorful Qiu Jingtu from far to near. At this point, autumn scenery in front of readers has changed from bleak and lonely to clear and beautiful. This song is only twenty-eight characters, but the language is concise and beautiful, with profound significance. Ceng Yun, Liu Yuxi: "Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely, and I say autumn is better than spring. Wan liqing empty, a crane lingyun fly, caused my muse to the blue sky. ("Autumn Poems"), this song expresses the author's positive, optimistic and cheerful attitude towards life. It is really the so-called "not happy with things, not sad for yourself ("Yueyang Tower ")"!
This song uses the technique of feeling in the scenery to naturally bond twelve intentions together, as if it were handy. The first two clauses, "Sunset in a lonely village, Western jackdaw as an old tree with light smoke", render a quiet and lonely atmosphere and set off people's sad mood. The scene of "a little flying under the shadow" is very dynamic and breaks the silence of the previous picture. The latter two clauses, "Green Mountains and Green Waters, White Grass, Red Leaves and Yellow Flowers", render a clear, beautiful and colorful picture with the combination of various colors and nouns, so as to contrast the extremely beautiful things in autumn with the previous tranquility and loneliness, and highlight the main idea.
Although it is similar to Ma Zhiyuan's Qiu Si, it has its own characteristics. The first two sentences are led by "lonely village", which deliberately renders the cold silence of autumn dusk. "A little feihong" brings vitality to the cold static picture, which causes the transfer of songs to express emotions. Then the poet described the beautiful autumn scene in a three-dimensional way with five colors: blue, green, white, red and yellow, from far and near, from high to low, at multiple levels and from many sides, which made the whole picture full of poetry. This song is full of artistic tension, writing both sides at once, successfully combining the bleak scenery of autumn with the bright and gorgeous scenery, and taking the pleasing autumn scenery as the main theme of the song, which is yet another masterpiece of writing autumn.
Bai Pu is writing about autumn scenery, and we can see from the rhetoric that his literary cultivation is extremely high. The whole work consists of some beautiful natural scenes, and Bai Pu himself, like an artist with these natural puzzles, has put together a beautiful picture of life with harmony.
When writing about autumn scenery, it is inevitable to set off a bleak atmosphere, but if the bleak atmosphere is the main purpose of the whole article, it will make readers feel dull and stressed. In order to avoid this situation, Bai Pu took great pains in choosing words. In the first two sentences, "The sunset in an isolated village, the old tree in Western jackdaw", * * uses six pictures: "The isolated village", "Sunset", "Sunset", "Light smoke", "Old tree" and "Western jackdaw", and any one of them represents the bleak atmosphere in autumn scenery in autumn. In order to liven up this bleak atmosphere, the author then chose "a little flying under the shadow" as the conclusion of the first half. As a result, the original bleak picture turned to be active, and the lonely autumn scenery seemed to show another kind of fresh life. Finally, in order to strengthen the author's image that autumn scenery is beautiful and charming, he used "green mountains and green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers". "As the conclusion of Quwen. These two sentences use five colors: green, green, white, red and yellow, and the three colors of white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers are mixed in the two colors of green mountains and green waters. "Green mountains and green waters" is a vast picture, "white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers" is a subtle picture, so mixed and wrong, so autumn scenery, which was originally lonely and bleak, suddenly became colorful and colorful. Thus, Bai Pu's prose writing skills are brilliant.
The first picture is described in the first two sentences. The author captured six kinds of natural scenery: village, sun, sunset, smoke, tree and crow, and then touched them with six words with the same emotional color: loneliness, falling, disability, lightness, old age and cold. The juxtaposition of six images makes the whole picture shrouded in a bleak atmosphere, which makes people feel a strong sense of autumn and takes care of the topic "Autumn". "Sunset sunset" not only points out that it is in the evening, but also conveys a sense of helplessness and melancholy of "the sunset is infinitely good, buried by the coming night". Lonely small village, trees withered and old, crows infested, lifeless, and misty "light smoke", such a picture makes people feel sad and confusing. Here, the author uses realistic techniques to paint a bleak, bleak and deserted Qiu Jingtu.
However, not all places are so bleak and deserted. Look at the scene of "a little flying in the shadow", "green mountains and green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers". This picture is colorful, bright and full of vitality, which forms a strong contrast with the previous picture in the environmental atmosphere.
It's also an autumn scene. Why is there such a big contrast? What kind of thoughts and feelings does the author want to express? We can't find a clear answer by comparing these two pictures. If we contact Bai Pu's attitude of not wanting to be an official in the Yuan Dynasty, the answer is not difficult to understand. The "a little feihong" in the picture is one of Li Bai's "Send Pei 18 pictures south to Songshan II": "Raise your hand and point to Feihong, which is difficult to talk about. There is no sooner or later, and the water is clear. " The "Feihong" in the novel has the same effect, all of which are metaphors of the author himself. Bai Pu didn't want to get a job in the imperial court, but he hoped that he would fly away from that bleak, cold and lifeless place like a swan flying high, and find a happy land where he was satisfied and full of vitality. Therefore, the land of "green mountains, green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers" under the shadow can be understood as the author's seclusion and the scene in his heart. The mood is cheerful and peaceful, and there is no negative feeling, which shows the author's love for seclusion, and should belong to imaginary writing. In this piece of music, the author put the "scene in my heart" together with the real environment at that time very cleverly and without showing traces, which produced a strong contrast effect and implicitly revealed his love and hate.
Center
This song depicts a landscape from bleak and lonely to bright and beautiful Qiu Jingtu. Expressed the author's positive, optimistic and cheerful attitude towards life.