Appreciation of Garden Art in Humble Administrator's Garden —— Humble Administrator's Garden
The diameter of the pool turns, and the corridor is attractive. After painting the bridge in the afternoon, Yi Xiang's figure was anxious? The slender West Lake seems to move around and change a shadow, which is wonderful. This is a dynamic view.
Gardens can be divided into static and dynamic, which is the first thing we should consider before building gardens. What is a quiet view, that is, a viewing spot where tourists stop more; The concept of moving is to have a long tourist line. On the other hand, small gardens should be static and dynamic. The owner is watching. The big garden is mainly dynamic, supplemented by static observation. The former is like Suzhou Netscape Garden, while the latter is like Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden. When people enter the Netscape, they should sit in many buildings and stay around the pool. There are fish swimming in front of the sill, pavilions waiting for the moon to face the wind, flowers moving outside the porch, peaks and mountains as windows, picturesque and interesting. As for the Humble Administrator's Garden, the path turns around and the promenade recruits people. Why? After painting the bridge in the afternoon, Yi Xiang's figure was anxious? The slender West Lake seems to move around and change a shadow, which is wonderful. This is a dynamic view. Concept comes first, meaning comes later. The distinction between dynamic and static is related to the nature and size of the garden. For example, the bonsai garden under construction in Shanghai is suitable for static observation, which is an example.
Appreciation of Garden Art in Humble Administrator's Garden II 1. Obstacle scenery
Is it? Step by step? The most typical application is Suzhou Garden, which uses the layout level to build wood and stone to block obstacles and divide the scenery so that people can't see it at a glance. In ancient times, depth of field and layering were emphasized. What do you mean? A winding path leads to seclusion? Layer after layer, people in the scene. The gate of the Central Plains used to be the main entrance of the Humble Administrator's Garden, but now it has been closed. Walking into the brick gate house, a small patio is only a few steps deep, but the giant rattan planted in Wen Zhiming has been 500 years old, with its branches winding like dragons and green leaves covering the sky. Is it your own forest? Said. To the north of the courtyard is Woqiu Hall, and to the south is the residential area of Humble Administrator's Garden. At the bottom of this line, you get a door. There is a tall Yellowstone rockery standing in front of you, close at hand. This mountain has two peaks, east and west. Looking through the middle and low places, we can see that the eaves of Yuanxiang Hall in the main hall are looming, which attracts tourists' interest. It is the most traditional way to block the scenery with mountains, and it is also the way used in the grand view garden described by Cao Xueqin in A Dream of Red Mansions.
2. Frame view
Frame view is also a kind of landscaping technique that consciously sets the frame hole structure to guide the viewer to enjoy the scenery through the frame hole in a specific position. Taking doorframes, window frames, door openings, window openings, caves and trees as the framework, selectively capturing space scenery is easy to produce picturesque and pleasing artistic effects, such as this leaky window. There are one leaky window after another on the wall, each leaky window has a different pattern, and the scenery outside is different through the leaky window, just like a beautiful picture embedded in the gallery wall.
Borrow scenery
Borrowing scenery is a traditional way of China garden art, and the area and space of the garden are limited. In order to expand the depth and breadth of the scenery and enrich the content of sightseeing, in addition to using various and unified gardening techniques such as twists and turns, gardeners often use the technique of borrowing scenery to reap unlimited benefits. Garden-in-garden becomes a classic of gardening? Borrow the scenery and borrow the North Temple Tower, which is 3.5 miles away from Humble Administrator's Garden. The towering North Temple Tower stands in the clouds behind the pavilion, which is very spectacular. Is this famous? Is it interesting to be involved in the door? 、? See the tower in the park? Scenery. Chen Congzhou, a contemporary landscape expert, praised this place. Wonderful borrowing scenery? .
View the scene
In the garden, or climb pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions and pavilions, you can enjoy churches, mountains and rivers, bridges and trees? Or you can watch pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions and pavilions in halls, bridges and corridors. This method (or landscape construction method) of viewing the second viewpoint from the first viewpoint and viewing the second viewpoint from the second viewpoint is called opposite view. Yuanxiangtang is the main building of Humble Administrator's Garden. It is a hall with four sides, built by the water, and has three spacious rooms. Surrounded by long floor-to-ceiling glass windows, it not only provides lighting and ventilation, but also allows you to sit inside and enjoy different scenery. Overlooking from the north of Yuanxiangtang, you can see Zhongshan in the lotus pond and Weiyun Pavilion in Xiang Xue in the western hills. In Xiang Xue Wei Yun Pavilion, there is a fragrant hall that can be far away from Jingyuan. The thirty-six Yuan Yang Pavilion in the west of the Humble Administrator's Garden is a double-sided hall where you can listen to Kunqu Opera. Roof arch, reflecting sound, creating? Echo around the beam? Effect. Looking from a distance through the window, Li Ting is like a fisherman fishing in a hat, and thirty-six Yuanyang pavilions form a scene with Li Ting.
Miss the scene
The leak scene is developed from the frame scene. The frame scenery is panoramic, and the missed scenery is looming, subtle and elegant. Scenery leakage can be accomplished by leaking windows, walls, screens and sparse forests. The scenery structure in sparse places should consider both fixed-point static viewing and the leakage effect of moving viewpoints, so as to enrich the flickering interest of the scenery. For example, the hole window at the entrance of Suzhou Lingering Garden leaks, and the continuous rose window of Suzhou Lion Forest leaks. Xiangxiang Hall: Located in the east of Humble Administrator's Garden, the original Xiangxiang Building is located in the west of Tushan Songgang and the north of Tian Quan Pavilion. It is the largest hall in the east of Humble Administrator's Garden. As a collective name of millet and rice, it used to be the northern boundary of rural homes, and the North Garden outside the wall was the owner's home field, so a building was built here to enjoy the pastoral scenery of farming and mulberry. The name Xiangxiang also came from this. When this hall was rebuilt, all the floor-to-ceiling skirts and hall boards in the hall were engraved with the story pattern of The West Chamber. 1966. In order to protect it, the pattern was turned into the room, and the non-carved anti-window board was facing outwards, which has been used ever since. Today's incense hall is surrounded by cheerful scenery, and the south is separated by a mountain island, which is a good place for tourists to have a drink and rest. Tingyuxuan is a three-room building in the Central Garden of Humble Administrator's Garden. There is clear water in front of the pavilion, and plants such as lotus, banana and bamboo are planted. People sit by the window and admire the green of banana leaves through the flower window. In the rainy season, take Yang Wanli of the Song Dynasty? Banana leaves are half yellow and lotus leaves are green, and two autumn rains sound? The auditory effect of sound.
Click on the scenery
Point view is to create the artistic conception of the garden by chanting, which refers to the names of garden buildings, hanging couplets, plaques and so on. It is used to communicate the connection between garden landscape and traditional culture, express the gardener's life purport, design intention and artistic emotion, and create a far-reaching artistic conception of scene blending by sending affection to things. Point scenery has the functions of bright scenery, freehand brushwork, expressing ambition, inspiration, suggestion and decoration in gardens. The classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are the sustenance of literati's feelings, and the point view is the most widely used gardening technique, which contains rich cultural background and philosophical thoughts. Xiangzhou, Furong Pavilion, Hefeng Pavilion, Lotus Champs, etc. Not polluted by the silt of lotus; Wei Yun Pavilion in Xiang Xue personifies plants with the snow scene of plum blossom standing proudly, which implies the noble quality of garden owners. Looking at the pavilion to build land? Going deep makes people understand, and climbing high makes people far away? Field. Approve the garden? Late Cui? Built the garden owner's spiritual home, evergreen all the year round, retired. ? Jade pot ice? Metaphor master's noble and pure. Is there a social couplet hanging on the west column of Xiuge? Honest and frank is diligent in life, gentle and honest in life? Being a man and being yourself is the philosophy of the garden owner. What is the combination of scenery in the pavilion? Lu Xiang Hong, Feng Zi Ping? Living in seclusion in the mountains is a natural hobby of garden owners. ? Who are you sitting on the porch with? Does the plaque express the master's detachment from the secular and lofty? Elegant? Temperament.
Add scenery
Adding scenery is to strengthen the foreground for the rich layering of the main scene or scene without other transitions between the scenic spot and the distance. Depth of field? Interest, often do add scene processing. In a corner of the building, trees and flowers can be used to add scenery to enrich the space of the garden.
Appreciation of Garden Art of Humble Administrator's Garden Humble Administrator's Garden, one of the four famous gardens in China, is a masterpiece of classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. In the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1509), Wang, an imperial envoy, returned to his hometown because of his frustrated career, and built a humble administrator's garden with the site of Dahong Temple. He invited the representative of Wu Pai, one of the four talents in Jiangnan at that time, to participate in the layout design, which lasted for *** 16 years, and finally built the Jiangnan garden with broad forests and luxuriant trees.
The name of Humble Administrator's Garden is quoted from "Idle Residence Fu" in the Western Jin Dynasty: Watering the Garden for Breakfast and Dinner? This is also a kind of politics of the humble. ? The original Humble Administrator's Garden was an ancient gardening style in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Although it has undergone many transformations, the elegant and faint breath can still be vaguely recognized, which is also the most precious highlight of the Humble Administrator's Garden.
During the five hundred years, the fate of Humble Administrator's Garden has changed several times. The scenery in the garden changes with it, but it is as elegant as ever. Pavilions, cloisters, small bridges and flowing water, towering old trees; Let the humble administrator's garden be as famous as the Summer Palace in Beijing. Mother of China Gardens? .
Three different styles of parts
The layout of Humble Administrator's Garden is dense and natural. The whole garden is centered on water, and the pool water area accounts for about one third of the total area. Most of the main buildings in the park are built by water, and the height is scattered. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, pavilions and lush flowers and trees show the beauty of Jiangnan water town.
The garden is divided into three parts: east, middle and west. The East Garden is open and elegant, mainly composed of Hiraoka Mountain and pine lawn. The West Garden is beautifully constructed, with a balcony reflection and unique flavor. The central part is the most brilliant part of the Humble Administrator's Garden, with pavilions dotted around the lake, simple and elegant, with clear priorities. Up to now, it still maintains the artistic style of Ming gardens, which is rich and simple, natural and naive.
The central part of the garden was transformed into a relatively close appearance to today during the Qianlong period, and the whole block still retains the ancient flavor. The western part of the garden was bought by Zhang, president of Wuxian Chamber of Commerce in Suzhou in the late Qing Dynasty, and became a garden with late Qing style. The water surface is relatively low, and buildings are high on the water surface. The eastern part of the park went out independently in the late Ming Dynasty and was rebuilt separately after 1949. The style of modern parks mixed in the reconstruction is particularly cheerful and the buildings are relatively isolated. Mr. Chen Congzhou, an expert in ancient architecture art garden, said that these three parts are beneficial separately, but harmful together, so they should be treated separately.
Architectural style of song and yuan dynasties
The garden architecture of Humble Administrator's Garden was mostly single in the early stage; After the late Qing Dynasty, pavilions, verandas and painting boats gradually increased, forming a tortuous courtyard space with unique architectural landscape. Courtyard spaces of different sizes are hidden, which makes the landscape more spacious.
Zhu Yuhui thinks that the existing architecture of Humble Administrator's Garden follows the Song and Yuan styles. In his view, one of the most beautiful buildings is the Jianshan Tower. The highlight of the treatment is to use the climbing gallery to imply the meaning of the mountain and climb the two-story pavilion that rushes to the center of the water. The eaves of the veranda and the eaves of the Jianshan Building are connected together, which makes people unable to tell where a simple climbing gallery is and where a two-story pavilion is. He used it? What is the most affectionate touch on the water? Describe his favorite mountain building.
Three major contributions
Zhu Yuhui said that the greatest contribution of Humble Administrator's Garden is mainly three points: first, it shows modern people the landscape with high ancient flavor and the architectural style of Song and Yuan Dynasties; Secondly, the central part of the Humble Administrator's Garden provides a typical era of classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, that is, the change of the main hall in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties outside the water mountains, which enlightens future generations on how to use this typical era on a large scale; Third, he has contributed a lot to the bridge between architecture and gardens, and has always maintained a style different from the entanglement, artificiality and self-expression of later generations. Not blindly pursuing from architecture? What happened? The architecture of Humble Administrator's Garden follows a very elegant logic, revealing a low-key and subtle beauty.
Humble Administrator's Garden is flexible in layout, natural in Taoism and unique in originality; Although it was made by people, it was self-opened. It has left a valuable basis for future generations to study Jiangnan gardens, and has long been a treasure in China's national cultural heritage.