The main purpose of this article is how to deal with difficulties. In the difficult years, the author and revolutionaries like him faced difficulties with revolutionary optimism, broke the enemy's blockade, had enough food and clothing, and finally achieved success. Complete victory.
The following is the original text. The original text is in bold text, and the notes are in bold italics.
Planting flowers is good, and vegetables are even better. If the flowers are well planted, they will be colorful and fragrant, and you can appreciate them; if the vegetables are well planted, they will have tender green stems and leaves, plump roots, and juicy fruits, but you can eat them. As the saying goes: "Melons and vegetables are the food for half the year."
(There is a folk proverb in Huanghuai that melons and vegetables are the food for half the year. This half-year is roughly from the spring equinox to the frost. In my hometown, elm money, locust flowers, and shepherd's purse are grown on March 3. Shepherd's purse and yellow and yellow seedlings started one after another, until the pomegranates turned red and the persimmons were covered with mountains.)
(The author's experience in growing flowers and vegetables is used to introduce the vegetable garden planted in Lanjiaping, Yan'an. .)
I remembered the vegetable garden we planted in Lanjiaping, Yan'an.
(Lanjiaping Village is located in Hezhuangping Town, Baota District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with picturesque scenery and beautiful environment) It is said to be a vegetable garden, but it is actually an orchard. There are many peach and apricot trees in the garden, as well as crabapples. Every spring in February and March, the pink peach and apricot flowers bloom, and soon the gorgeous crabapple flowers bloom against the green leaves, which is very lively. When the fruits are ripe, the apricots are water apricots, the peaches are hairy peaches, and the begonias are like hanging beads, which is another prosperous scene.
(Briefly introduce the situation of the orchard, such as the types of fruit trees in the garden. And the fruits from February and March of each year to the time when the fruits mature.)
(Add some below Knowledge of plants, plus knowledge of botany of peach, apricot and crabapple)
Orchards are also gardens. There are many kinds of flowers in the garden. The woody ones include roses, hibiscus, and lilac, and the herbaceous ones include impatiens, dianthus, tuberose, Jiangxi waxwort, backgammon, etc. Grass and flowers are not expensive, but they grow lush and pungent. They are everywhere on both sides of the Yong Road, around the vegetable fields, and in every corner of the garden. Among the grass and flowers, the most luxuriant and pungent one is the cosmos, which grows in dense clumps all over the sunny slopes. This kind of flowers bloom thickly, some are purple, some are silvery white, layer by layer, exuding a rich fragrance; they also bloom for a long time and can decorate the whole autumn. This is very similar to the wild chrysanthemum. This flower is called "chrysanthemum", which seems to make sense.
(He also introduced the flowers and plants in the orchard, especially the cosmos.)
The vegetable garden mentioned was opened in the open space in the garden. The fruit trees are the screen, the grass and flowers are the fence, and the middle is the vegetable border.
There are three or five places in the ***, ranging in size. They are all places with fertile soil and sufficient sunshine, which are most suitable for growing vegetables. The place we operate is surrounded by fruit trees on three sides and a hillside on one side. The terrain is rectangular and covers an area of ??about 2/3. It was during the period when vegetables were being grown that three of us comrades ran it collectively in our spare time. The harvested vegetables are fed to the collective, and you can enjoy a relatively rich portion.
(First introduces the situation of the entire vegetable garden, and then specifically explains the vegetable plot run by the author and two or three colleagues. He especially explains that the harvest belongs to the collective, and he also has a relatively rich enjoyment. This is said What, it shows that Yan'an implemented collective ownership at that time, and everyone had a very high consciousness and was willing to contribute to the collective and was proud of the collective contribution)
In those years, the comrades in Yan'an, everyone. They are all growing vegetables in between work, study, and fighting.
(Everyone is responding to Chairman Mao's call to "do it yourself and have enough food and clothing.")
Government agencies, schools, and the army can almost all be self-sufficient in the vegetables they eat. At that time, there was no idea of ??planting "ten sides", but every opportunity was taken advantage of, and naturally all "ten sides" were planted. Vegetables are grown in front of the door of the cave dwelling, around the left and right sides of the bungalow, along the river, on the roadside, and even on the newly opened land on some hills.
The vegetable plot we planted has the best conditions in the garden. The soil was fertile and had been tended by someone before. It was considered a vegetable plot. Half of the land is a leek border. Leeks have perennial roots, so it doesn't take much effort (of course it will take some time). You just need to fertilize, cultivate the soil, and water them, and after nine
they will sprout bright green and tender leek sprouts. The most rare thing is that there is a stone nest under the rock cliff in the northwest of the vegetable field.
If you dig out the rocks and mud in the stone nest, spring water will flow out from the cracks in the stone.
.
The stone nest is not big, but the water accumulated in it can just water the vegetable patch. When the accumulated water is used up, it can be filled up again in one meal. When the water is full, it clears to the bottom without overflowing or flowing. It is a bit like the treasure vase in the fairy tale. There is still water after using it, but it is always full when it is not used. The spring water is clear and refreshing.
You can water fruit trees instead of vegetables, or use it to wash your hair and clothes. "The water in Canglang is clear, so I can wash my tassel; the water in Canglang is turbid, so I can wash my feet."
(What is the purpose of the author quoting this poem? The original meaning of this poem is that the fisherman advised Qu Yuan to follow the trend, to be smooth in doing things, and not to be too obsessed with his ideals, otherwise nothing will happen. However, you may even be eliminated by society. It is said that if you are successful, you will benefit the world, but if you are poor, you will be alone. But this is not what the author means here. We can think about it. The author is rich in knowledge and can quote ancient classics at will to increase the knowledge of the article. The content changes the monotony and boringness of the article. So we say that the quotation of this poem increases the interest of the article and expands the knowledge of the article.)
This is better than Canglangzhishui. Other comrades who also grow vegetables have no water springs near the vegetable fields, so they have to fetch water from the Yanhe River
. Unlike the three of us, we have to dig out a narrow and shallow water from the Shituntong vegetable field. Ditch, use willow pot
to fetch water, and raise your hand to water the vegetables. Everyone envies us. We also felt that we had benefited from the natural conditions, as if we had to work too hard.
We were very embarrassed, so we made up our minds to plant and manage the vegetable fields well.
"The crops are like a flower, but the whole family relies on dung."
In order to accumulate fertilizer, everyone went to the road to pick up manure during morning and evening walks. There were many livestock there. "As long as you use your hands, there are sources of fertilizer everywhere."
(This article quotes the sayings of local old farmers, making this article more relevant to people's lives.)
We invited old farmers to give lectures, and everyone learned a lot from them. The farmer poet Sun Wanfu, the singer of "Tall Buildings Rise from the Ground", is one of the famous teachers. I remember that he was in his sixties at that time, energetic,
his voice was loud, and his speech was kind and simple.
That old and healthy demeanor still leaves a deep impression on me to this day. . From those teachers, we learned to grow vegetables, melons, and tobacco. For example, when growing melons, you need to soak the seeds and press the seedlings, and when growing tobacco, you need to fork and pinch the tips. We learned a lot of practical knowledge from the teacher while doing it. Some learn to flue-cure tobacco and make their own exquisite cigarettes and cigars; some learn to process vegetables and make tomato sauce that can be eaten until winter; some learn to pickle and store vegetables so that autumn vegetables can follow spring vegetables.
(A military and civilian family, close to the lives of the people, learns the knowledge of growing vegetables from the people, and lists examples of people and practical knowledge learned.)
Growing vegetables is a delicate activity Son, "Growing vegetables is like embroidery"; it is also very tiring to do it seriously. In terms of labor volume, "one acre of garden and ten acres of field".
But growing vegetables is extremely fun. The joy of growing vegetables is not only when eating vegetables, as Su Dongpo said in "Ode to Cai Geng": "Drawing from the deep spring to rub the water,
waiting for the leaves to dew "With Qiongzhi." Or as he said in "Hou Qi Ju Fu": "Eat the seedlings in spring, eat the leaves in summer, eat the flowers in autumn and eat the roots in winter, and you will live as long as you live in the west of Henan."
(Quoting ancient texts also adds interest to the article and changes the monotony of the writing. "Xihe Nanyang's longevity" we can understand as a representative of longevity.)
The whole process of growing vegetables can be found at any time pleasure. Fertilizing, loosening the soil, preparing the borders, and sowing the seeds are probably the most labor-intensive times. At that time, vegetables can’t even be seen. But "you will reap melons if you sow melons, and you will reap beans if you sow beans."
Even if what you sow is just hope, that hope is very encouraging. Because that hope is planted with mature seeds in soil with sufficient water and fertilizer. If people are diligent and not lazy, they will definitely get a harvest for every effort they put in. The verification is not far away, within ten or eight days, you should pay attention to the flat and moist vegetable patch, and green, tender and strong new shoots of vegetables will grow from there. Those new shoots, the rows of broadcasts are neat, the people who are withdrawing broadcasts are crowded, and the ones who are broadcasting are proud and stand out, with smiles, shining, and full of infinite vitality. A new sprout is literally a shining pearl. "Spring leeks are cut in the rain at night"
Is it a poem by Lao Du? It's very refreshing. If you grow vegetables in an old garden, isn't a bunch of vegetables a fresher poem?
(Adding Lao Du’s poems will also increase the interest of the article and add some literary knowledge.)
In late spring, at noon, stepping on the border to thin seedlings or hoe weeds, the warmth The warm sunshine makes people feel comfortable all over. The fresh earthy smell and the light vegetable fragrance are refreshing. After a while, stand up, stretch your waist, wipe the sweat from your forehead with the back of your hand, and see if the seedlings are dense, the depth of the plowing, and whether the grass is clean. At that time, people will feel the joy of labor. In the summer, at night, after the vegetable fields have been watered, three or five comrades take advantage of the bright moonlight to sit by the edge of the spring, smoking; or they don't smoke and just talk; they talk about life and the transformation of society and nature, while people giggle. Luo Luo, while listening to the chirping of insects in the vegetable patch during the conversation; garlic is bolting, cabbage is rolling, and coriander is exuding the aroma of pulse: everything makes people feel a real sense of joy. Pastoral fun.
(These paragraphs mainly describe the whole process of growing vegetables, which is fun at any time.)
In the vegetable plot we planted, in addition to leeks, there were onions, garlic, and Cabbage, radish, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, tomato, etc.
A proverb says: "Before and after Grain Rain, you plant melons and beans."
"First radish and second radish."
Although according to the season, various vegetables can be planted early or late. , sometimes one kind of vegetable is harvested before that kind of vegetable is planted; but except for the freezing winter, in spring, summer and autumn of the year, there are always several kinds of vegetables competing for fat and green in the vegetable garden. Especially in late summer and early autumn, look at it: green radishes, purple eggplants, red peppers, and red and yellow tomatoes are really colorful and dazzling. There was a bumper vegetable harvest that year. I cut three stubbles of leeks, and finally ate the leeks under the sprouts (similar to the lotus roots under the lotus, which are famous for their tenderness with age),
I pinched the leeks. After spring cabbage, autumn cabbage was planted, and after water radish, white radish was planted. We harvested the last batch of tomatoes in the garden when even the currants and cosmos were about to fail. The weather is getting colder, and the tomatoes taste sweet and refreshing, with a hint of autumn pear flavor. We also tied bright red peppers into strings and dried them in the sun, and hung them next to the cave window until the New Year.
(The author’s vegetable plot, what are the main varieties planted, and the joy of harvesting.
)
April 9, 1961