In Song Dynasty, it was once called "Middle Gate" because there was a stone square on the river bank, which was called "Red Gate". The existing gate was rebuilt in the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1868), and the south gate structure was adopted. Built on twelve steps, there are five hard mountains and three mountain screens, with a pair of cubic columns in front, white walls and blue tiles, dripping flowers on the top of the glazed ditch, and Youlong Taiji and weed moire painted on the beams. The overall style is dignified and generous. Yuelu Academy was written by Song Zhenzong. Because in the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (10 15), Song Zhenzong was good at running Yuelu Academy, and Wenshan was famous for its longevity. He specially summoned Zhou, worshipped him as the main book of imperial academy, and asked him to stay in Beijing to give lectures and be an official. However, Zhou was worried about Yuelu and still asked to return to the hospital. The emperor personally gave him "Yuelu". On both sides of the gate, there are couplets "Only Chu is talented and prospers in Sri Lanka". The first part is from Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-six Years of Xianggong, and the second part is from The Analects of Confucius Taibo, which originated from classics and shows the historical fact that Yuelu Academy has a large number of talents.
inside door
Behind the door, the Song and Yuan Dynasties are the ritual halls. In the first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1527), the Confucian Temple was expanded to the left of the courtyard before being converted into the second door. There are five single-eaves hanging mountains, three in the middle, granite doorframes, and the left and right aisles lead to the north and south houses. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was bombed by Japanese invaders, and 1984 was rebuilt. There is a plaque of "Famous Mountain Altar Seats" hanging directly above the door, which the author doesn't test. Originally built in the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1868), it was bombed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The existing plaque was copied by 1984, and was inscribed by He, a famous calligrapher in Hunan in the Qing Dynasty. There are couplets on both sides, "closed in the foothills; The famous mountains in Tibet, the first part comes from Shangshu Shundian, and the second part comes from Historical Records Taishi Gongxu, which means that Yuelu Academy is hidden in the vast Yuelu Mountain. The author was the producer of Cheng in the late Qing Dynasty (Hunan Higher Education College). On both sides of the second hall, there are couplets written by Luo Dian, the mountain chief of the Qing Dynasty: "The land is connected with Hengxiang, and the Daze Mountain is full of dragons and tigers; Learn from Zou Lu and learn from the sages. On the back of the second door is the plaque of "Xiaoxiang Shi Huai". Originally written by academic supervisor Cheng in Qing Dynasty, it was destroyed in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Now, this tablet is a supplement to Chu Tunan, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) and chairman of NLD Central Committee. "Xiaoxiang" generally refers to Hunan, and "Xiaoxiang Shi Huai" means that Yuelu Academy is a gathering place for scholars in Hunan, which means that Yuelu Academy is full of talents, just like Shi Huai in imperial academy, Chang 'an in Han Dynasty.
classroom
The lecture hall is located in the center of the college, which is an important place for teaching and holding major activities, and also the core part of the college. Since the establishment of Yuelu Academy in the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (976), there have been "five lecture halls". In the third year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 167), famous Neo-Confucians Zhang Wei and Zhu gave lectures here, which was the first of its kind in China.
There is a "seeking truth from facts" plaque hanging in front of the eaves. Written by Bin Bucheng, Dean of Hunan Institute of Technology in the early Republic of China. "Seeking truth from facts" originated from "Liu Dechuan, Wang Xian between Han Shuhe", which was adopted by the headmaster as the school motto to educate students to advocate science and pursue truth.
There are two gold-plated wooden signs hanging in the center of the main hall: one is "Learning to be an excellent official", which was given by Emperor Kangxi to encourage the development of Neo-Confucianism and strengthen his self-cultivation. The original amount was destroyed and re-engraved according to the handwriting of Kangxi 1983; The second is "the southern part of the road is the right vein", which was given by Emperor Qianlong. It is the highest evaluation of Yuelu Academy on communication science, which shows its position in the history of communication science in China. There are many precious cultural relics embedded in the wall of the lecture hall, such as the tablet of "loyalty, filial piety and honesty" carved by Zhu calligraphy and Ouyang Hou, the tablet of "neatness and seriousness" printed by Ouyang Zhenghuan's calligraphy and Ouyang Hou's calligraphy method, and the tablet of "Reading Rules of Yuelu Academy" inscribed by the mountain chief in Qing Dynasty. These are all important historical materials for the study of Chinese academy education, and they are still so today.
On the front of the screen wall of the lecture hall, the story of Yuelu Academy is engraved, which was written by Zhang Qian, Bishop of the Academy in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 166). It is the basic program of training talents in Yuelu Academy, which has a great influence on academy education. This article was written by Zhou, an alumnus of Hunan University and chairman of Hunan Calligraphers Association, tel: 1983. The back of the screen wall is engraved with a full picture of Lushan Mountain, copied from Nanyue Record.
Teaching Zhai "semi-study Zhai"
There are two halls on both sides of the lecture hall, namely, the teaching hall and the semi-self-study hall, both of which are the former residences of teachers and students. In the past, students spent a lot of time teaching themselves here. The college has a long history of building dormitories. Since the ninth year of Song Taizu Kaibao (976), 52 dormitories have been built. The existing buildings were rebuilt in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). In order to meet the needs of teaching and office, they were named teaching dormitories and semi-study dormitories. The name "teaching fast" comes from the Book of Rites, and the name "learning half fast" comes from the Book of History. Tell me about it.
Xiao Tang Jing of perfume
The existing building of Xiangshui School is located on the left side of the lecture hall. Formerly known as Chengdetang, also known as Academy Lecture Hall, it was founded in the sixth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1527). In the 11th year of Daoguang reign in Qing Dynasty (183 1), Wu Rongguang, the governor of Hunan Province, founded the Xiangshui School of Classics, which is located in today's Chuanshan Temple and inscribed it. In the first year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1875), Xiangshui School was moved from Yuelu Academy to Tianxin Pavilion in the south of the city. The original site of the church was converted into Chuanshan Temple, and the "Xiangshui School Classics Hall" inscribed by Wu Rongguang was left in Mingde Hall as a souvenir.
Mingluntang
Minglun Hall was built in the second year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1507). Wu Shizhong, a Taoist priest, imitated the county magistrate, demolished Dacheng Hall of the Academy, expanded the Confucian Temple and the left courtyard, and built Minglun Hall behind Dacheng Hall to seek destruction. Reconstruction in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. In the eighteenth year (1539), the magistrate hired Xiong Yu as the head of the mountain and gave lectures in Minglun Hall. The following year, there were ten Chinese, and the teacher was in full swing. And then destroyed. Rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, Sleeping Monument was published in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), which was placed on the left side of Minglun Hall as an academic rule of the academy and was later abolished. After the restoration of Minglun Hall and Dacheng Hall of the Confucian Temple, it is now a learning place for master students and doctoral students. Yushulou
The library building is the main place that embodies one of the three functions of China ancient academy: teaching, collecting books and offering sacrifices. Yuelu Academy was built at the back of the lecture hall from the beginning, and it was renamed "Imperial Book Pavilion" after Song Zhenzong presented books. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was also called "Imperial Bookstore", and its status changed. In the 26th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1687), Governor Ding invited the thirteen classics and the twenty-first history from the imperial court. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, the Imperial Bookstore of Yuelu Academy had developed into a large-scale folk library in China with a collection of 14 130 volumes. Today, Imperial Bookstore is still used as an ancient book library for academic researchers, with a collection of more than 50,000 volumes, and large reference books such as Sikuquanshu, Continued Interpretation of Sikuquanshu, Four Series and Four Collections, and Integration of Ancient and Modern Books are all treasured. Confucian temple
The Confucian Temple is located on the left side of the Academy, forming its own courtyard. It consists of zhaobi, gatehouse, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, two departments, Chongshen Temple and Minglun Hall. The worship of Confucius in Yuelu Academy began in the early days of the Academy. In the Northern Song Dynasty, an auditorium was built in front of the lecture hall, in which there were statues of ten philosophers and 72 sages. In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 167), the avenue was changed to Xuansheng Temple, where "an icon was placed in the hall and seventy sons were painted". In the 18th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1505), it was renamed Dacheng Hall. In Zheng De's second year (1507), he moved to the left address of the hospital. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624) and officially called the Confucian Temple. Its specifications are equivalent to the Confucian temples in various counties.
lotus temple in wuhan
Dedicated to Zhou Dunyi (10 17- 1073). In the 17th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 18 12), it was built in the Sixth Scholar's Academy base, and moved to this site in the 25th year (A.D. 1820). There is a plaque of "transcendental Tai Chi" hanging in the temple, and there are stone carvings on the inner wall of the temple, originally "Lianxi"
Chongdao temple
Taoist Temple, also known as "Zhu", is dedicated to Zhu and Zhang Qian. In the first year of Yuanyanyou (13 14), a hall of sages was built on the left side of the lecture hall to honor Zhang Zhu and the ministers who contributed to the construction of the academy. In the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494), it was built behind the lecture hall and was later destroyed. In the forty-first year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1776), the government envoy Jueluodun House was rebuilt at this site. Now the ancient sacrifices are resumed, and the "Sven Zhengmai" plaque is hung in the temple, and the portraits of Zhu and Zhang are engraved.
Shenzhaisi
Shenzhai Temple, also known as Luoshan Temple, is dedicated to Luo Dian, Dean of Yuelu Academy. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1872), he was hired as the president of Yuelu Academy and presided over Yuelu Academy for 27 years, which made great contributions to the talent training and capital construction of Yuelu Academy. Shenzhai Temple was built in Xianfeng period, which is located at the side of Quzi Temple. Rotating waste. It is now restored to the north side of Chuanshan Temple.
Sizhen pavilion
Sizhen Pavilion is dedicated to Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi were both educators and founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. They once studied under Zhou Dunyi and were called "Cheng Cheng". Tomorrow, in the fourth year (1642), Guanlin was rebuilt and renamed "Sizhen Pavilion". Since then, it has been dedicated to Cheng Er. In the 23rd year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 18), it was moved to this address. There are four inscriptions in the pavilion, namely "Shi", "Listening", "Yan" and "Dong".
Liujunzi decoction
The Sixth Scholar's Academy was founded in the fifth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1526), and it has been relocated and destroyed many times since then. In the 17th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 12), it was rebuilt in this site. Three hard towers are connected with Chongdao Temple. The shrine is engraved with the inscription of rebuilding the Six Scholars' Hall. The six sages who contributed to the development and construction of the Academy were Zhu Dong, Li, Li, Chen Gang and Yang Maoyuan.
Chuanshanci
Chuanshan Temple is dedicated to Wang Fuzhi, a famous scholar in the late Ming Dynasty. The ancestral hall was originally the Xiangshui School, which was founded in the 13th year of Qing Daoguang (1833). In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Xiangshui School moved to Hedong to run a school, so it was turned into Chuanshan Temple. In front of the shrine hangs a couplet inscribed by Guo Songtao, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty and foreign minister of Yuelu Academy. Lushan Temple Monument Pavilion
The tablet pavilion of Lushan Temple is located in the south of the garden. In the fifth year of Ming Chenghua (1469), the magistrate Qian Shu was established. The existing building was rebuilt in 1962. The word "Lushan Temple Monument" was written by Li Zetai in 1962. Inside the pavilion is the famous "Lushan Temple Monument". Lushan Temple is one of the most influential monuments in China. In the 18th year of Tang Kaiyuan (730), Li Yong, a famous calligrapher, wrote an article on calligraphy. Because of its excellent writing style, calligraphy and seal cutting, it is called "Three Wonders Monument". There is an inscription by Mi Fei, a great calligrapher in the Song Dynasty.
Baiquanxuan
Baiquanxuan was founded in the early Northern Song Dynasty. It is located at the mouth of Qingfeng Canyon in Yuelu Mountain, where streams and springs gather. It is an excellent place for Yuelu Academy. The mountain leaders of past dynasties all loved the beauty of streams and springs, built porches, lived in them and enjoyed the sounds of nature. In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 167), Zhu visited the hospital, traveled with Zhang Qian, the head of the company, and sat in Baiquanxuan by day and stayed at night. It is said that they have studied here for three days and nights.
Beilang
Yuelu Academy has gone through thousands of years, leaving a lot of precious inscriptions. There are 13 historical relics in the stele gallery and 27 historical documents of Xinyuelu Academy. Among them, Zhu's calligraphy "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Extremely Bright" are important remains of the academy.
Inferiority pavilion
The inferiority pavilion is located 200 meters east of the Academy. In the 27th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1688), Changsha County ordered Zhao Ning to build an inferiority pavilion beside the highway for pedestrians to rest. In the seventeenth year of Jiaqing (18 12), Yuan, the president of Jiaqing, rebuilt the middle road, and in the Republic of China, the road extended to the pavilion side, forming the existing pattern. The existing buildings were built in the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1). The word "inferiority pavilion" is the inscription of Shanchangche in Qing Dynasty. There are inscriptions such as "inferiority pavilion" embedded in the pavilion. Shiwuxuan
Fifteen Xuan is a memorial building to commemorate the fifteen Xuan school founded by the reformists in the late Qing Dynasty. Located in the college garden, facing Baiquanxuan across the pond. There is an inscription in the pavilion of Liang Qichao's "Former Site of Wu Shi School", which was written when Liang Qichao revisited the former site of Wu Shi School in 24 years of the Republic of China. There are also inscriptions by Li, Li Kuangsong, Chen Lu and Huang Zengfu.
Hexitai
In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 167), Zhu and Zhang Qian observed the sun at the top of Yuelu Mountain, and built a "Hexi Terrace", which Zhu inscribed. There was a poem by Wang Shouren in Ming Dynasty, which read "Shake clothes and go straight to Hexi Terrace". Waste behind the stage. In the fifty-fifth year of Qing Qianlong (1790), Luo Dian, the mountain chief, built a front pavilion in front of the courtyard and renamed it the front hall. In the first year of Daoguang (182 1), in order to preserve the relics of the past, the mountain chief Ouyang Hou renamed the front hall "Hexi Terrace". The left and right inner walls of the platform are engraved with the words "Fu" and "Shou" higher than Zhang's, and the top of the platform is engraved with the words "Bagua, Bat and Shou".
Shanzhai former site
The former site of the cottage is located on the right side of Chuanshan Temple. In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 165), Anfu made Liu Xun founded and named it "Shanchang" after the resident of Shanchang (Dean). When Bishop Zhang Qian visited Zhu, he once lived here and wrote a poem entitled "Shanzhai". In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the shanzhai was destroyed by war. In the 20th year of Daoguang reign of Qing Dynasty (1840), Ouyang Shan was rebuilt with the title "Shanzhai Site".
Shan' an
Before the establishment of Yuelu Academy, Tao Kan (259-334), the secretariat of Jingjiang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was stationed in Changsha. After being diligent in official business, I often take a boat trip to Yuelu Mountain, where I study buddhist nun to cultivate my temperament. Because buddhist nun planted a fir tree before, he was called Shan 'an. In the 18th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1838), Tao Shu, a famous student of Yuelu Academy and a descendant of Daoguang, the governor of Liangjiang, rebuilt the Taohuan Gong Shan 'an Temple to commemorate his ancestors' contribution to the establishment of cultural and educational undertakings in Yuelu, and carved a copy of Lushan Temple collected by his family into the temple. 200 1 After the restoration of the Temple of Mount An in the Confucian Temple, the ceramic inscription "Lushan Temple Monument" was moved into the temple. The ancient architectural complex of Yuelu Academy is divided into five architectural modes: teaching, book collection, sacrifice, garden and memorial.
The main building area of Yuelu Academy is more than 365,438+0,000 square meters, which is divided into the main body of the Academy, the affiliated Confucian Temple and the newly-built Academy Museum. Yuelu Academy covers an area of 25,000 square meters. Most of the existing buildings are relics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The layout of its ancient buildings adopts the courtyard form with symmetrical central axis and multiple depths. The main buildings, such as the head gate, the gate, the second gate, the lecture hall and the Imperial Book Building, are concentrated on the central axis, and the lecture hall is arranged in the center of the central axis. Zhaisha, sacrificial temple, etc. Arranged on both sides. The courtyard with symmetrical central axis and progressive layers not only creates a solemn, mysterious and distant sense of depth and visual effect, but also embodies the social and ethical relationship of Confucian culture with orderly respect and inferiority, different grades and clear priorities.
The main buildings are the first door, the second door, the lecture hall, the semi-study hall, the teaching hall, Baiquanxuan, the Imperial Bookstore, the Xiangshui School classroom, and the Confucian Temple. Yan Hotel, Wenchang Pavilion, Chongsheng Temple, Mingluntang and six institutions of higher learning, including Confucius, Xi, Er Cheng, Zhu, Zhang Qian, Wang Chuanshan and Luodian, have been restored and rebuilt. Yuelu Academy is the largest and most well-preserved college complex in China.
Yuelu Academy has experienced many wars in its history, with seven destroyed and seven built. The main existing buildings are the remains of the Qing Dynasty. Since the last century, after several major repairs, some buildings destroyed by the war have been rebuilt. The layout of ancient buildings in Yuelu Academy adopts the courtyard form with symmetrical central axis and multiple depths. The main buildings, such as the head gate, the gate, the second gate, the lecture hall and the Imperial Book Building, are concentrated on the central axis, and the lecture hall is arranged in the center of the central axis. Zhaisha, sacrificial temple, etc. Arranged on both sides. The courtyard with symmetrical central axis and progressive layers not only creates a solemn, mysterious and distant sense of depth and visual effect, but also embodies the social and ethical relationship of Confucian culture with orderly respect and inferiority, different grades and clear priorities.
Yuelu Academy covers an area of 2 1 1,000 square meters. The main buildings are Toumen, Ermen, Lecture Hall, Semi-self-study Hall, Teaching Hall, Baiquanxuan, Yushu Building, Xiangshui School Jingtang, Confucian Temple and so on. Yan Hotel, Wenchang Pavilion, Chongsheng Temple, Mingluntang, Confucius Temple, Xixi, Ercheng, Zhu and Zhang were successively restored and rebuilt. Yuelu Academy is the largest and most well-preserved college complex in China.