This is a lyrical poem written by Huang Tingjian when he was appointed magistrate of Taihe County.
Generally speaking, the beginning of an article or poem is often difficult, so some writers often cut off the beginning. This is because at the beginning, the author has not integrated with the situation of the work, so it is easy to Posturing. The beginning of Huangshan Valley's poem is narrated in popular colloquial language, but it is also wonderfully conceived and draws people in. The poet said, After finishing my business, I, an idiot, climbed up to the Kuai Pavilion. In the afterglow of the evening clear sky, I leaned on the railing and looked out into the distance. These two sentences may seem simple and simple, but they contain extremely rich content: the first sentence is based on the words of Xiahou Ji recorded in the "Book of Jin: Fu Xian's Biography", "If you have a son who is crazy, you will be in official affairs, and official affairs will not be easy." Things are going crazy, but I am quick to listen again! "The second sentence uses Du Fu" to pay attention to the "Hanjiang Yishan Pavilion" and Li Shangyin's "The eternal soul leans on the dusk clouds", and there are many wonderful innovations. The word "idiot" translates the meaning of the predecessors, and it is one of the humorous things to recognize oneself as a "idiot"; the word "luke" exaggerates the poet's joyful mood of relief, which is consistent with the meaning of "kuaige" "Kuai" echoes implicitly, thus adding a sense of cohesion. This is a wonderful use. The three words "Yi Wanqing" are even more deviant from the stereotypes of the predecessors. The "leaning" in Du's poem refers to leaning on the mountain pavilion, which is a narration of the real situation; the "leaning" in Li's poem, the subject of which is "eternal soul", is an illusion of a virtual world; the "leaning" in Huang's poem can be said to be both virtual and real; the poet's "leaning" "Leaning" is a real scene, but it is leaning against the boundless clear sky at dusk. Reading these three works is like an artistic photograph, showing the back of the poet and the pavilion in the backlight of the sunset.
Not only that, the three words "leaning on the evening sun" also paved the way for the description of the next sentence, allowing the poet to come up with the swan song of "the fallen trees on thousands of mountains, the sky is vast, and the clear moon along the Chengjiang River" . Looking at countless autumn mountains from a distance, the fallen leaves on the mountains are falling, and the vast sky seems even more vast at this time. The Chengjiang River, as clear as jade, flows under the Kuai Pavilion. The crescent moon is reflected in the river, making it even more... The sky is bright and clear. This is a description of the beautiful scenery the poet saw when he first climbed up to Kuai Ge Pavilion, and it is also a portrayal of the poet's broad mind. Reading such poems, people can't help but think of Du Fu's famous lines "The boundless falling trees rustle, the endless Yangtze River rolls in" and Xie Tiao's "The remaining clouds disperse into clouds, and the clear river is as pure as practice". But Huangshangu's poems not only absorb the nourishment of the predecessors and refine them, but also represent a new realm. Therefore, predecessors have commented on these two sentences: "The artistic conception is so enlightened that it can actually reveal the secrets that have not been revealed in ancient and modern times." (Zhang Zongtai's "Collection of Learning from Lu Zhai")
The fifth and sixth sentences, It is the middle sentence in which the poet skillfully uses allusions. The previous sentence uses the story of holding the qin with the boy's teeth to thank his close friend. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Original Flavor Chapter" records: "When Zhong Ziqi died, Boya broke the qin and cut off the strings. He never played the qin again, thinking that there was no one who could play the qin again." The latter sentence uses Ruan Ji's blue eyes. According to historical records, Ruan Ji was good at having blue eyes and white eyes. He would "turn his eyes white when he saw people who were polite and customary". The general meaning of these two sentences of the poet is that because my close friend was away, I broke the strings on my piano and stopped playing, so I had no choice but to drink some wine and talk to relieve my worries. The word "horizontal" here is used very vividly, which brings out the image of the poet's helplessness, loneliness and boredom.
In the conclusion, the poet said that he hopes to get on the return boat, play the melodious flute, and return to his distant hometown - my heart has already made a covenant with the white gull. Judging from the structure of the whole poem, this ending is quite exciting: at the beginning, the poet starts from "the idiot is done with official affairs", revealing his boredom with official life and his desire to climb up to the pavilion to enjoy the natural scenery; and then , gradually entering a better state, the poet is intoxicated in the beautiful scenery of falling trees, thousands of mountains, clear rivers and bright moon, which is in sharp contrast with the "settlement" of "public affairs" at the beginning; the poet writes five or six sentences over and over again: On the good day In the beautiful scenery, the poet's inner worries came out of nowhere. The poet felt the pain of being unable to realize his ambitions and being understood by no one. So, where is the way out? This naturally leads to the poet's thoughts of "returning to the ship" and "white gull". This ending not only echoes the beginning, but also follows the trend of the ending, giving people a "sense of spiraling down" (Pan Boying's comment). And the meaning is meaningful and makes people imagine endlessly.
The whole poem is as clear as words, expressing emotions based on the scenery. The words are closely linked, connected layer by layer, and the allusions are appropriate. There is no missing word, which embodies the novelty of Jiangxi Poetry and the vigorous writing power. characteristics.
This poem is highly praised by future generations. Yao Nai called this poem "a bold and rhyming poem, which moves Taibai's song within the seven rhymes"; Fang Dongshu commented: "It starts with four sentences and is narrated and written, and then goes to the grandeur, and the five or six sentences are popular. End. Especially bold. This is the so-called person who combines the spirit of single line with the couple." These comments are very pertinent. Weng Fanggang commented on Huangshan Valley's poem: "Besides Po Gong, there is another one with an extremely high character, an extremely high state, and the vitality of creation is fully vented." If you recite this poem carefully, you should know it.