Pinyin: Jian
Interpretation: (sound and sound are rich. The word starts from the word, starts from Cambodia, and Cambodia also sounds. "Cambodia" means "sorting out". The combination of "word" and "Cambodia" means "to make suggestions on the best choice after considering the package solution in detail". Original intention: state all possible options to the emperor and propose the best one. Escape: speak out (when the emperor makes a wrong choice)
2. Iron
Pinyin: fěng
Interpretation: 1, (sound shape. From words, wind. Original meaning: reciting; Read aloud; 2. Whispering or accusing. 3. spread rumors and slander. 4. The ancient book "Satire" quoted "wind" and "Preface to Mao Shi" said: "Stab with the wind." "Wind" means "irony". —— Huang Xianfan's Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books
Step 3 suggest
Pinyin: quàn
Explain: convince, explain things to make people listen: ~ say. ~ solution (Ji? )。 ~ guide. ~ teach (Ji). ~ remonstrance. ~ comfortable. ~ exit. ~ Jin (feudal society persuaded people who actually mastered political power to become emperors).
4. Advocate
Pinyin: Chang
Interpretation: first proposed; Take the lead in initiating: advocate | initiate | initiative. Chen Ming Jiru's Yuan Gong Fuma Festival and Temple Fair: "Since the public (Yuan Keli) initiative, the new old city stands like a golden soup."
Recommended article: 1, "Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qike to teach"
2. "Persuade"
3, "learning solutions"
4. "Model"
2. Zhu Hui didn't forget the classical Chinese translation entrusted to him. When they left home, Zhang Kan confided to Zhu Hui: You are a very self-sustaining person. If one day I am in poor health, I would like to entrust my family and wife to you! Zhu Hui was busy saying "How dare you", but he was very grateful. After all, it's gratifying that some people regard themselves as friends of life and death. At that time, they were in good health, and Zhu Hui didn't take Zhang Kan's words seriously or make any promises. After that, the two lost contact for various reasons. Time passed, and soon, Zhang Kan passed away. Zhang Kan is an official, honest and has little savings at home. The life of his wife and children is very difficult. However, just as they were worried about the embarrassment of their lives, Zhu Hui heard the news and extended a helping hand to Zhang Kan's wife and children. Since then, he has continued to support Zhang Kan's family and take care of them year after year. Confused, Zhu Hui's son asked Zhu Hui, "Didn't you have a close relationship with Zhang Kan in the past? Why are you so kind and concerned about his family? " Zhu Hui said with emotion: "Zhang Kan and I are just friends who depend on each other and live and die. That's enough." The son wondered, "Since we are good friends, why haven't we been in touch?" Zhu Hui said, "Although Zhang Kan and I were not close friends, Zhang Kan confided in me before he died. He entrusted me because he trusted me. How can I betray this trust? Although I was noncommittal at that time, I agreed in my heart. At first, Zhang Kan was in a high position, so naturally he didn't need my help. Now that he is gone, his family life is difficult. How can I stand by and watch? " .
3. Lu You entrusted poetry to show his son on his deathbed.
Lu you
When you die, everything is empty,
But I'm sad to see Kyushu.
Julian Waghann Beiding Zhongyuan Day,
Family sacrifices will not be forgotten.
[Notes]
1. Show it to the sons.
2. but: only.
3. Kyushu Tong: Reunification of the motherland.
4. Central Plains: refers to the area north of Huaihe River that fell into the hands of Jin people.
5. Family sacrifice: ancestor worship.
6. Naion: Your father.
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[Brief analysis]
Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, devoted his life to the just cause of resisting gold and recovering lost land. Although squeezed out and hit by capitulationists, patriotic enthusiasm never waned. The poem "Shizi" is a will written by the poet to his son before his death, which expresses the poet's deep and strong patriotic feelings of "setting the Central Plains in the north" and unifying the motherland until his death.
The first sentence is "everything is empty when you die." "Yuan Zhi", already know; "Everything is empty" means that everything can be attached after death. But then the meaning of the second sentence changed: "but I can't see the sad Kyushu", but I can't let go of one thing, that is, the lost land has not been recovered and I have not seen the reunification of the motherland with my own eyes. This resentment is left from birth to death. On my deathbed, my mood is even more painful. The third sentence of this poem, "Julian Waghann concentrated in the north", shows that although the poet is deeply distressed, he is not desperate. He firmly believed that one day the army of the Song Dynasty could pacify the Central Plains and recover lost territory. With this sentence, the mood of the poem changed from sadness to passion. At the end of the sentence, "I never forgot to tell you about the family sacrifice", my mood changed again. I have no choice but to see the day when the motherland is reunified when I am alive, so I have to pin my hopes on future generations. So I told my son affectionately, don't forget to tell him the good news of "Beiding Zhongyuan" when offering sacrifices at home.
This poem is full of twists and turns, which sincerely expresses the poet's complex thoughts and feelings at the end of his life, including endless resentment against the unfinished golden cause and firm belief that the sacred cause will be realized. The whole poem has a sad element, but the tone is passionate. The language of poetry is natural, without any carving, but it is a natural expression of true feelings, but it is more beautiful and moving than deliberately carved poetry.
4. Express the old China poem "Although the turtle is long".
Cao Cao in the Eastern Han Dynasty
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time.
A poisonous snake flew in the fog and was finally covered with dust.
An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles.
The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky;
Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
Cao Cao's poems do have great power to shock people, and the classical monarch can't help but be crazy about them.
1 1 There was a storm on the 4th of the month.
Land Tourism in Song Dynasty
I lay sprawled in my lonely country, not feeling sad about my situation, but thinking about defending the frontier of the country.
The night will be over, I lie in bed listening to the sound of wind and rain, in a daze in my dream, riding an armored horse across the frozen river to the northern battlefield.
The word "dream" reminds people of the poet's entanglement with dreams, pitying Lu Lao and thinking about his home country when he is old.
Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting
Su Shi in Song Dynasty
I am a teenager. Left leads to yellow. Right green.
Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts.
In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan.
The wine is full and the box is still open. There is a slight frost on the temple. What are the disadvantages?
When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei?
I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.
The heroism and heroism of the works are admirable.
salamander
Hao Jing in Yuan Dynasty
I came back from a hundred battles, and there was nothing I could do to kill the old man.
I love my daughter's bones, but I still have the heart of Wan Li.
An old horse, though weak and immature, still cherishes itself and looks forward to galloping on the battlefield in Wan Li again one day. This is also a portrayal of the poet's mentality of "an old horse crouching tiger, aiming at a thousand miles", and his spirit is admirable.
Fu Zi Zhuang Ci in Broken Town was sent by Chen Tongfu.
Xin Qiji in Song Dynasty
Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded.
Give the roast beef to the men and the band will play northern songs.
This is a military parade on the battlefield in autumn.
Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder.
It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation.
It's in vain.
It is not a pity for a hero to be full of enthusiasm and strategy. The most important thing is to use these resources, that is, the so-called heroes can be used.
"Complain about love, when Wan Li finds a Hou"
Land Tourism in Song Dynasty
At that time, Wanli sought to seal Hou. Pima guards Liangzhou.
Where is the dream of closing the river, the dust darkens the old mink and fur.
Before the beard dies, the sideburns fall first. Tears flow empty.
Who could have predicted in this life that the original intention was to leave the enemy in Tianshan Mountain, but now he is destined to die of old age in Cangzhou!
Time flies, my temples are pale, and my ambitions are hard to pay.
The nostalgia of Gu Bei Pavilion in Yongjiu Lejingkou.
Xin Qiji in Song Dynasty
It is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan after the history of the country.
The dance floor was still there, but the heroes had already gone with the passage of time.
The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived.
Looking back, how powerful he was when he led the Northern Expedition and recovered lost ground!
However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent.
I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou.
Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple.
Who can ask, Lian Po is too old to eat?
It not only satirizes the behavior of stealing security in today's dynasty, but also shows that he is always looking for something, with ten thousand volumes in his chest and a clean pen.
Man Jiang Hong
The key of song dynasty
Ten days of strong wind, destroyed, apricot blossom red.
However, there is a begonia that lives in spring.
Peach leaves and peach roots are muddy, and cherry willows are weak.
Who can guarantee to respect the former and rejuvenate the old spirit?
Time is gone, and joy is hard to recover. The heart is not old, and the cup is diligent.
Might as well enjoy it and go to a good place.
The mountains are connected with Wuling, and the rest win. The river swallowed up the farewell and still paid attention to the east.
Sigh sages, achievements rivers and mountains, no today.
Although the apricot blossoms are gone, the spring scenery is still there. Holding muddy wine, the hero is unprecedented.
Zuiting building
Liu Shijun in Song Dynasty
Life character has many spring scenery.
Indulge in the love of flowers.
Although the old heart is not old, the head is full of flowers.
The temples are like frost, but they must be like snow.
Several intimate friends advised me to dye, and several intimate friends advised me to choose.
What are the benefits of dyeing and picking?
I used to be afraid of being a short-lived ghost, but now I'm a middle-aged guest.
Leave some more, make up for the evening scenery and teach you everything.
The temple was touched by the years, but it was safe and sound, and the old man was not old.
Idle body
Land Tourism in Song Dynasty
Smoke is cold and firewood is closed, and chatting with leisure is safe.
The heart is not old, but the eyes are still bright.
Wu silkworm is full of foil, Han Tao is ripe, long wheat gets on the bus, and Xiaomi sings.
Now that you have a place, what are you doing under a pseudonym?
Waiting for you at leisure, my heart is not old, and my eyes are still bright.
5. "Fu" and "Gai" used to express suggestions in ancient Chinese.
Fixed sentence pattern
Good ... is almost equivalent to "isn't it?"
Why ... is equivalent to "Why ..."? "
See … is equivalent to a passive sentence.
Taking ... is equivalent to "taking" ... (as) ... "
For example, what is equivalent to "what should I do ..."
Just ... is an unintentional "yes", which plays the role of object in advance; Wei refers to the uniqueness of an object.
Not ... Ning ... is equivalent to "not ..."
Common classical Chinese fixed format
Fixed format is also called fixed structure, or solidified structure. Its grammatical feature is that some words with different parts of speech are condensed together and fixed into a syntactic format to express a new grammatical meaning, which is used from generation to generation, established and unchanged for a long time. According to the types of expressing mood, its classification can be divided into four types:
The first kind: the statement tone is commonly used: yes (yes. . Used for), no (no. Used for), there is (there is. ..), nothing (nothing. . ), than and (and so on. . When), for. . Institute.
The second type: interrogative mood commonly used are: how to do, how to do, etc. . Take a break. . How), nothing. . Yes (probably. . Yes, I'm afraid. . ) and so on.
The third type: the commonly used exclamatory mood is: how, what, what. . One (how. . I see) and so on.
Fourth, the commonly used rhetorical tone is: nothing is. . Almost (I'm afraid, I'm afraid), not so good. . Almost (no. ), nothing. . Go (don't. . ), which and which if (with. . Stage. . ) what? . For (why. . woollen fabric
1. Not good. ...
This is a sentence pattern commonly used in ancient Chinese to express rhetorical questions. It expresses affirmative content in the form of rhetorical question. It can be translated as "Is it …" or "Is it …". For example:
(1) Learn from time to time, don't you? (Learning the Analects of Confucius)
-isn't it a pleasure to study and review on time?
(2) The world has assembled, which is treason. Is genocide inappropriate? ("Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou")
-the world is stable, even planning rebellion. Shouldn't the clan be destroyed?
2. Why do you want to do this?
"He" is an interrogative pronoun, "He" means "how to use" and "Wei" is an modal particle. "Why ... do" can be translated as "What should (take, use) ... do (do)" or "How do you need (why) ...". For example:
(1) is a minister of a country. Why cut it? ("Ji's General Cutting")
It's Lu's vassal. Why attack?
(2) Hanwang also realized that because of his repeated scolding, he said: "A gentleman decides to be a vassal, which is the ear of a true king. Why is it fake? ("Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou")
-Hanwang Liu Bang also woke up, so he added: "A gentleman is a true king if he is a stable vassal. What do you want to do as a pseudo-king? "
3. Why ...
"He" is an interrogative pronoun, which is placed before the verb as an adverbial and can be translated as "why" or "how"; "Wei" is a rhetorical modal particle, which can be translated as "Ni" at the end of the sentence. For example:
(1) Now man is a knife and I am a fish. What should I say? ("The Hongmen Banquet")
People nowadays are like kitchen knives and chopping boards, and we are like fish and meat. How can we leave?
(2) today's cattle, animal ears, not to mention ask? (Ma's Biography of Zhongshan Wolf)
This cow is just an animal. Why do you ask?
(3) What should I do if the sky dies? ("Historical Records of Xiang Yu")
-god let me perish, why should I cross the river?
4. why ...
This is the usual form of rhetorical question, in which the word "zhi" is an auxiliary word, indicating that the object is ahead of time. "You" is a verb and "He ……" is an object. It can be translated as "What is it …" or "What is it …". Pay special attention to the fact that "he" is not an object, but an attribute of the center of the object. For example:
(1) What crime did Song commit? (Lost of Mozi)
-What crime did Guo Song commit?
(2) If you throw meat at a tiger, what merits do you have? ("New Stealing Symbol to Save Zhao")
It's like throwing meat at a hungry tiger. What's the effect?
5. Why ... Why ...
In ancient Chinese, this is a common idiom used to express rhetorical questions. The interrogative pronoun "he" here is placed at the beginning of the sentence as the predicate of the whole sentence, and before the subject to emphasize the content of the rhetorical question. The subject of "zhi" is not a word, but a phrase, in which "zhi" is an auxiliary word. For example:
(1) How many cars are there? ("Zhuangzi Lieyukou")
-Why do you have so many cars?
(2) Why is Xu Zi fearless? ("Mencius Teng Wengong")
6. What are the classical poems of China that express "I want to achieve something in the future"? 1, I don't fly, I fly to the sky; If you don't sing, you will be famous. -Sima Qian
2, go and stay unintentionally, look at the flowers before the court; Don't be surprised, follow the clouds outside the sky. -"Deep Window Notes"
3, not indifferent, not clear, not quiet, not far away. -Zhuge Liang
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, sail straight and cross the deep sea. -Li Bai
5, with copper as a mirror, you can dress; Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. -"Old Tang Book Wei Zhi Biography"
6. If you are poor, you will be alone, and if you are good, you will help the world. -"Mencius"
7. People who made great achievements in ancient times not only had extraordinary talents, but also had perseverance. -Su Shi
8. Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement. Isn't it important to think that benevolence is your responsibility? Not far from death? -The Analects of Confucius
9. There is virtue in the world, followed by merit, followed by words. Although it has not been abolished for a long time, it is called immortality. -"Zuo zhuan"
10, eat thinly, drink water, bend your arms and pillow it, and enjoy it. Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. -The Analects of Confucius
1 1. A hero has ambition, a good plan in his belly, an opportunity to hide the universe, and a breath of heaven and earth. -Romance of the Three Kingdoms
12, when you are old and strong, you would rather move your heart; Poverty is strong, not falling into the sky. -Tang
13, people have fun, people have fun; People have their worries, and people have their worries. -"Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia"
14, don't do it for the small evil, don't do it for the small good. -Liu Bei
15, learning without knowing is the same as not learning; Knowing without doing is the same as not knowing. Huang Yi
16, take home as home, township as township, country as country, and the world as the world. -"imprison herdsmen"
17. Without a strong will, there will be no wisdom. If you don't believe it, you won't succeed. Mo Zhai
18, my heart is a magnet stone, which does not mean that the south will not rest. -Wen Tianxiang
19, my life depends on my body. Is it cheating for others? Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on? -The Analects of Confucius
20, everyone is good, then the world is peaceful; Everyone is selfish, and the world is in chaos. -Liu E
2 1, learn from it and get it. -Su Shi
22. When will all rivers enter the sea in the east and return to the west? If young people don't try their best, old people will be sad. -Han Yuefu Long Songs
23. A gentleman worries about the Tao without worrying about poverty. Confucius
24. If the sky is going to fall to the people of Sri Lanka, we must first suffer from their minds, work hard on their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies and go about their business in disorder. ()-"Mencius Gao Zixia"
25, worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world. —— Fan Zhongyan
26, for heaven and earth, for the people, for the past, for eternal peace. -Zhang Zai
27. Be loyal to your art. You don't know your age. Poverty is like a cloud to me. -Du Fu
28, Tian Xingjian, the gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement. The capacity of the earth is limited, so a gentleman must constantly cultivate his own virtue to undertake the world. I Ching
29. Be knowledgeable, interrogate, think carefully, distinguish and persist. -Book of Rites
30. Everything must be decided first. -Zhu
3 1, all rivers run into the sea, with great tolerance; The wall stands a thousand miles, and it is just without desire. -Lin Zexu
32, its body is right, can not be ordered; His body is not straight, although he disobeys. -The Analects of Confucius
33. Confucius said: "The knower is not confused, the benevolent is not worried, and the brave is not afraid." -"Zi Han"
34. Learn to be close to knowledge, be close to benevolence, and be ashamed to be close to courage. -the golden mean
35, a thousand songs know the sound, and a thousand swords know the device. -Liu Xie don't be swayed by considerations of gain and loss, and don't be swayed by considerations of gain and loss. -Confucius