What's the point? In the poverty of thinking. This is true not only for people who don't read much, but also for people with high cultural literacy, even experts and professors, who often have "don't know how to write well", "have nothing to write" and "can't write". These are all problems of poor thinking. If they are forced to write, they will either be straightforward and label themselves, or they will be heartless. Especially for young students, it is more formulaic: get up for breakfast in the morning and go on the road as soon as the time comes. The nearby wild flowers are fragrant, the distant water is gurgling, the birds in the sky are singing, and the butterflies on the roadside are flying. Unconsciously, the destination has arrived. Ah, it's so beautiful! We see the future and hope ... It's time to go back. Goodbye and come again next time.
No matter where you write, you write the same thing, as if you have finished writing the article. Because there are narratives, arguments, descriptions and lyricism, it will definitely work. But this kind of "article" is annoying to everyone, and some authors really dare not take it out. Nothing, nothing; Dry and boring. Who wants to see it? And many people who are good at writing articles are full of thoughts until they are mature. They want to write, not only in China and now, but also in ancient times, abroad, in the sky and underground, all rushing to write. Writing argumentative papers can involve family affairs, state affairs and what's going on in the world. Explanatory articles can imitate people, borrow things and explain them in simple terms. The official document is comprehensive and watertight. Narrative is full of all kinds of characters, some sad, some singing, some cursing, all of which make people emotional. As for the essayists, they radiate all around and can do anything. This is the result of their innovative thinking.
Thinking innovation refers to the richness and activity of thinking, spreading ideas as much as possible according to the needs of intention, and producing the effect of flooding ideas. The author can get inspiration from it, be inspired and understand something. Reading more and knowing more will play a decisive role here. Clouds and waters in the four seas and storms in five continents all emerge from books and knowledge.
Below, we introduce several common innovative ways of thinking:
Time series inversion
Reversing the time sequence means reversing the objective time and organizing the materials according to the psychological time.
When we read some modern novels, we always feel that their plots and events are upside down, chaotic and fragmented. What is the reason?
One of the reasons is that we are used to reading traditional works. In time series, these works mostly use objective time, that is, natural time arranged in the order of the day before yesterday, yesterday, today and tomorrow, that is, the time sequence in writing. Natural time, in line with objective reality, is conducive to making the work coherent and clear, but it is also easy to make the narrative monotonous, so there are flashbacks, interludes, flashbacks, sub-narratives, flat narratives and so on. Narrative methods are diversified, but overall, the main line is the beginning, development, climax, aftermath and ending of the event, and the context is clear and clear at a glance, which is still an objective time.
The second reason is that these modern works give up objective time and adopt psychological time in chronological order. What is psychological time? For example, when we meet a friend we haven't seen for many years in the street, all kinds of impressions about this friend's past will be revived in our memory, and the order of this resurrection is often not objective time. It will overlap, infiltrate, stir and throw past and present, distant past and yesterday on our memory screen. The time when these memories are revived is called psychological time.
Some modern works use psychological time to organize their own lives, and disrupt, rearrange and recombine the objective time, resulting in a new pattern of reversed time order. This kind of works is conducive to depicting the inner world and thoughts and feelings of the characters, reflecting the high speed and fast pace of modern life. Some novels, such as Ulysses by James Joyce, sound of spring by Wang Meng, Eye of the Night, etc. , using psychological time, using the inner activities and memories of the characters, disrupting the time order.
The reversal of time sequence is easy to cause readers to feel disordered and think that such works are chaotic. In fact, it has a "chapter" to find. This is:
1. On a certain "table" (that is, "present"), characters begin to associate freely, recall the past and think about the future, so that the past, present and future are intertwined. Yue Zhifeng's wings in "sound of spring" communicate in a dark and sultry tanker. He thought of hail, while the iron is hot in the rural areas of the Loess Plateau, the pop song "Spring Ding Dong Rings", American abstract music, and Kissinger's aria in Yang Zirong ... Lenovo interweaves the present, the past and the future with the south, the north and China, cutting into each other and blooming all over the sky to form a film.
2. Use inner emotions or associative clues to maintain the whole article, so that the seemingly reversed order can still be found. The associative clues of Yuezhifeng in The Sound of Spring can be traced back. It starts with the sound of the train hitting the tracks, sometimes extends forward, and sometimes returns to the starting point of association, organizing life in different time and space into articles.
3. Set up a "ring buckle" between the events with reversed time sequence and the life scenes to make a clever connection. For example, "Man to Middle Age" written by Chen Rong comes from "Eyes, Eyes; Fu Jiajie's eyes "is associated with Lu Wenting's first attempt at Fu Jiajie's eyes, and the two recited petofi's lyric poems. This made Lu Wenting, who was sick, enter her first love life, and "eyes" were the "rings" connecting the lives of two people.
Innovation comes from the old.
1. completely changed.
Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote two poems: "to see the sun, for all his glory was buried in the coming night." (Leyuan Scenic Area) The poet "I once drove in Leyou's tomb" because "there is a twilight shadow in my heart". What did he see when he boarded Guyuan? Seeing the infinitely beautiful "sunset", the golden sunset makes people linger and can dispel the unhappiness in the poet's heart; But unfortunately it's not far from dusk. In the beautiful sunset, the author's helpless melancholy is revealed.
Mr. Zhu Ziqing wrote such a poem: "But if you win to see the sun, despite his glory, why are you depressed near dusk!" " Obviously, Mr. Zhu's poems are transformed from Li Shangyin's poems, which shows Zhu Ziqing's optimistic spirit as a revolutionary and democratic fighter poet. He was innocent all his life. Before he died, he said to his wife Chen Zhuyin, "One thing to remember: I signed the document rejecting American flour, and our family will never buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang again!" It shows the backbone of our nation, and these two poems are the concrete embodiment of Zhu Ziqing's late festival.
Ji Yun, a great scholar in Qing Dynasty, was brilliant. According to legend, once Emperor Qianlong ordered him to write folding fans, and he wrote Liangzhou Ci by Wang Zhihuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Gan Long looked at the back and said, "I missed a word." It's great to be so careless when writing for the emperor! Ji Yun took the fan and calmly replied, "It's a word, not a poem." The emperor was surprised and asked him to read it again. The original poem of Liangzhou Ci is:
The Yellow River is far above the white clouds.
A lonely city, Mount Wan Ren;
Why should a strong brother complain about Liu?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
Ji Yun read it like this:
The Yellow River is far away,
There are white clouds.
Mount Wan Ren, an isolated city,
Why are you complaining about Johnny?
Willow spring breeze,
Don't go through Yumen Pass.
Ji Yun missed a word "sword". In fact, he re-conceived a sentence, which attracted the emperor to laugh and praise again and again: "Very clever and sophistry!"
2. Innovation against their will
For example, Li Bai's "human nature is good, evil is based on Tao" and "I think it's crisp in autumn, and who is sad in autumn" are all from machines, which are directly opposite to the general view and have received shocking results. On the other hand, it must be novel. Therefore, the next space should be followed step by step, making sense and writing naturally. Otherwise, it will be far-fetched and pretentious.