When the mulberry leaves fall in late autumn and the whole plant is eliminated before the sap flows out in the next spring, the dead stumps, diseased branches and weak drooping branches on the mulberry trees are cut off with a small saw or pruning shears, which can keep the tree shape neat, enhance the tree potential, improve the lighting and ventilation conditions of mulberry fields and tree crowns, concentrate nutrients on branch growth, and promote the improvement of germination rate and leaf quality in the next year. Dead piles and branches of diseases and pests that have been cut off should be taken out of mulberry fields in time and burned centrally. Holes and cracks in the trunk should be mixed with lime and clay and filled with paste to eliminate overwintering pests and prevent the trunk from rotting and hollowing due to the invasion of rain, snow and water.
For a small number of mulberry trees suffering from mulberry atrophy, purple feather disease, root-knot nematode disease and serious damage to longicorn beetles, not only the yield is low, the leaf quality is poor, but also the occurrence of pests and diseases will spread, which should be dug up and burned in time. After digging, the diseased soil in the cave should be disinfected with fungicides and nematicides, and then new mulberry trees should be replanted to ensure that there are enough trees in the mulberry garden. The replanting of new mulberry should be carried out before the soil is frozen, and strong and high-quality grafted seedlings should be selected for replanting mulberry, and it is best to transplant young trees of 2 ~ 3 years old to make up for the vacancy.
Before winter irrigation, sufficient manure, cooked silkworm excrement, human excrement and urine should be applied, which plays an extremely important role in improving the yield and quality of mulberry fields in the next year. Fertilization time: after the mulberry field cleaning work is completed, it will be applied from the end of1October+065438+early February of 65438; Fertilization method: furrowing between mulberry rows for application or sowing; Fertilization amount: 2500 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu of mulberry field, and the manure is returned to the field in combination with winter ploughing. Winter irrigation time should be carried out after applying winter fertilizer and before winter ploughing. On the one hand, it is beneficial to mulberry overwintering, on the other hand, it can loosen the soil after freezing.
Winter ploughing can loosen soil hardening caused by mulberry picking, transportation, rainfall and other factors in the past year, improve soil permeability, change nutrients that are difficult to absorb in the lower soil into absorbable nutrients, and promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. You can also loosen the soil by freezing and thawing to further improve the conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil. At the same time, it also has a good killing effect on pests and diseases that overwinter in the soil. Winter ploughing time is generally carried out before soil freezing; The depth of winter ploughing can be shallower for young mulberry planted within three years; Mature mulberry fields can be controlled at about 20 cm, with deep rows and shallow mulberry plants, without damaging thick roots.
Pest control ① After silkworm rearing in late autumn, it is necessary to spray 1 times high-efficiency pesticides on mulberry fields, such as spraying trichlorfon 2000 times, which can effectively kill caterpillars, wild silkworms, thrips and other pests; (2) Scraping eggs and germs. Scrape the mulberry mites and wild silkworm eggs on the trunk with bamboo slices, and brush them with lime slurry or sulfur mixture; ③ Mulberry scale mainly overwinters on mulberry branches and stems, and can be crushed to death by straw in winter. In early spring (from late February to early March), after hatching, the nymph can be killed by adding 2% washing powder to 50% marathon emulsion 1000 times. ④ Preventing Apriona germari larvae from parasitizing on the trunk, which can be killed by injecting kerosene; ⑤ Spraying stone sulfur mixture in early spring. In early spring, use Bomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture to spray trunks and branches to control pests and diseases.