In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), Qiuci Cohen tried to solve the Fujian problem. Guangxu twenty-one years (1895), served as cabinet secretary. 1In March, 898, Fujian Society was established, which echoed Guangdong, Shu, Zhejiang and Shaanxi Societies and promoted the Reform Movement. He is also one of the founding directors of the Bulgarian National Assembly. On September 5 of the same year, in the late period of the Hundred Days Reform, Si Pinqing was awarded the title of Zhang Jing, a military aircraft. In the next ten days, I wrote a lot of things, and many imperial edicts were written by him.
After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, he was arrested and killed at the same time as Tan Sitong and others (collectively referred to as the six gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898). His works include Cui Xuan's later poems. His wife, Shen Queying, is the eldest daughter of Shen Yuqing, the son of Shen Baozhen, a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty. She was good at poetry and committed suicide by taking poison after Xu Lin died.
Resurrect from prison
Qingpu cried and knew how to make up for it.
Generosity is hard to be rewarded.
If you want to sing a song for the monarch,
Beginners should not speak lightly.
Xu Lin's study of poetry did not follow the general norms from the shallow to the deep, but "the valley of mechanics (Huang Tingjian) and the back mountain (Chen Shidao) would rather be hard, not easy to flow, rather abominable, not despicable" ("Collected Works of Chen Yan Chambers", Volume 9) embarked on "taking Meng Jiao as its road is bitter and secluded, and those who know it think it will go winter" ("Min" according to the thought. Xu Lin's early poems were deeply influenced by classicism and formalism, and deliberately imitated the style of famous poets in Tang and Song Dynasties, belonging to the "Tongguang" school of modern poetry. Most of the content is a model mountain, which is full of love for flowers and the moon, entertaining and entertaining, pointing out the mountains and rivers, showing off talents, showing off learning, sentimental mood and deep life. The artistic expression technique is implicit and euphemistic, gloomy and profound, eccentric and innovative, desolate and desolate, and the style is quiet and cold. This has something to do with his systematic feudal culture education in his early years and his long-term acceptance of the "Tongguang" school.
However, some of Xu Lin's early poems are different from the orthodox "Tongguang" style, showing a little leisurely and meaningful charm and artistic conception with the characteristics of the times.
First of all, the poems describing the beautiful scenery of Lingshan in the motherland exude a fresh and true atmosphere, which is not resistant to chewing. "Don't see Yizhou Mountain behind closed doors, and go to explore Dongyan in the near future. I want to ask the monk to find a pillow, and Xi Xuan will lie down and listen to the gurgling. " Such a lively poem expresses the poet's lingering about the scenery of the motherland quite elegantly and smoothly, and indeed contains an intoxicating style. "How many plates are there in Qingxi Shili, and Liang will be poor and relaxed. People can't stop the mountain, let the beggar look sideways. " This interesting little poem is so easy to write, just like painting.
Secondly, because Xu Lin grew up in the turbulent situation in modern China, the struggle between reformists and holdouts had a strong shock wave to him who was immature and eager for knowledge. Therefore, in his early poems, there are many poems that are different from the "Tongguang" school and never write "sentimental" content. "The curtain is on the road, and Liu Yin lies on the camel. Don't argue with drums, sing mountain songs. " "The inn mule horse roll, male ACTS He Zhen Zhen. They all say that they are against the emperor, so they will worry about pedestrians. " ("Northbound Miscellaneous Poems") "A strong man's waist is erect, and a fisherman cries by boat. Sadly, I am not satisfied with cutting Ai. I have taken it away like a baggage. " (Lotus in the Lake of Fujian and Guangdong) These poems not only exposed and lashed out that the feudal army was vulnerable to the invaders at that time, but was arrogant and cruel like a jackal in front of the people, and also described the bleak situation of people's livelihood at that time. The poet's master image of worrying about the country and the people, competing with blood and tears, and blending his heart with the country is really a reflection of the poet's patriotic thought.
1895 "writing on the bus" directly caused a great uproar in China's modern ideological and cultural circles. At this time, Xu Lin, which has adopted reform and reform measures, has changed accordingly. In his later poems, he paid attention to learning from others. "On poetry, there are many literary schools, and it can serve many families, which is harmless." (Talk about Poetry in the Yujiang Pavilion) Change the mediocre and archaic form in the quiet style, harmonize with the prose style in the rigorous rhythm, communicate with the strange and archaic style in the new words of common sayings, and obviously highlight the artistic personality of realism in the original style. The content also gradually came out of the circle of being negative and sentimental, seeking for the past and relying on elegance, and began to pursue "paying attention to world events." Most of the themes are "Talking about current events, not hiding people, which is related to the rise and fall of a generation." (Li: Preface to Late Cuixuan Poetry) Quite time-conscious.
After taking part in the New Deal of 1898, Xu Lin witnessed the corruption in the officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty more deeply, and especially hated feudal dignitaries. "Scholars are ridiculous, but they know the benefits and reputation. The ancient yi people are generous and their arms wake up. " (Poetry of Confucius Temple in Zhengyangguan) The poet angrily denounced the feudal die-hards who were still addicted to flattery and fame and fortune, and vilified the reform and reform. The patriots who cried for help raised their arms to awaken the people of China to fight for national salvation. Anger can't be suppressed, and the excitement of anger is on the paper. At the same time, Xu Lin became increasingly disappointed with the so-called quintessence of Chinese culture, which he had painstakingly studied for many years. "It's hard to live a good life according to invasion, but loneliness is a pity. I am locked in a thousand hearts and Wan Li, and the glory is dry. " (straight night) sincerely expressed the poet's active participation in the reform movement despite the persuasion of colleagues and friends, believing that his chosen cause is just and his ideal is within reach. Although he was locked in a thousand doors, he was proud of Wan Li's ambition to serve his country.
The most representative work of Xu Lin's later poems is that he was arrested and imprisoned after the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898. In prison, he was deeply moved by recalling the past and thinking about the present, and gave Tan Sitong a desperate article. "Qingpu yan know how to make up, generous Guo Shien. If you want to sing for the king, don't talk lightly. " (Representing the resurrection in prison) "Qingpu weeping" refers to his intimate relationship with Emperor Guangxu through the allusions in Dan's story. The whole article is saturated with the sadness of Xu Lin's unfulfilled ambition, warning future generations of the profound lessons of blood. However, the poet pinned his hope of reform and innovation on a weak and incompetent emperor, which also reflected the objective insurmountable limitations of the bourgeois reformists in modern China.
Time goes by and history develops. However, it also left a boundary pillar for future generations. The historical evolution of Xu Lin's poetry —— from the singing of feudal Confucian scholars to the singing of reformers, has verified the great turning point of China's modern ideology and culture.