The scenery in Jiangnan is very beautiful, and the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. At sunrise, the river is red as fire, and in spring, the river is green as blue. Can you not remember Jiangnan?
Jiang Nanyi, the most memorable is Hangzhou. Looking for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, watching the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion. When will you revisit?
"Title Lin 'an House" Lin Sheng
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.
Ouyang Xiu, West Lake
The fragrance of Han Han disappeared and the painting floated, which reminded Junning of Yangzhou.
Twenty-four bridge months, in exchange for ten hectares of autumn in the West Lake.
Su Shi, on Chuqing Lake after drinking rain.
The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy.
If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, heavy makeup and light makeup are always appropriate.
2. Looking for poems about Hangzhou, Bai Juyi's miscellaneous songs, remembering Jiang Nanyi in the south of the Yangtze River, and remembering Hangzhou best.
Looking for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, watching the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion. When will you revisit?
Bai Juyi plays Mo Yan, a scholar of Lu, and does not bully the secretariat of Hangzhou. Drunk guests, please open your eyes. There is a red flag under the green wind.
Bai Juyi's tide only flows 60 times a week in January after the early tide. Not only is time changing, but Hangzhou is getting old and being urged by the tide.
Bai Juyi and Tongzhou assistant minister Yang Tuozhe sent a poem about Feng Yi's envoy, remembering the time when Yuhang was a satrap. You usually lose me, but Zhezhi was ten years late to see the school.
Bai Juyi remembers three Jiangnan Ci poems (this song is also called Xie Qiuniang, with five sentences each) Jiang Nanyi, and Hangzhou is his favorite. Looking for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, watching the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion.
When will you revisit? Bai Juyi gave Lu Mingfu a land machine in Hangxian and a white house in Xubaiting. Today will be like snow, and a cup of advice will be sent to the last spring.
Yao thanked Wei Deyu, the captain of Hangzhou, for his permission to worship the Hangzhou altar, but it was difficult to thank Jing. Stealing a white-headed painting halberd makes the four gods shudder.
Ninety-eight wandering poems of the little fairy in the thatched cottage: Eight scenic winds returning to five phoenix cars, and seeing peach blossoms in Kunlun Mountain. To teach messengers to sell spring wine, we must find other people in Hangzhou's grandmother's house.
Ninety-eight fairy poems in the thatched cottage have been written in the cave sand stream for twenty years, facing the sky day and night in Minghang. Alum smoke is as cold as mercury, so I don't think Xiaolong sleeps under the bed.
Jong Li sent Taoist Jade to gather and disperse through Mishima, and the stars were clearly in a pot. Laughed and said that the rest of Hangzhou went to sell wine, and Cai's family would be important to Ma Gu.
When Bai Juyi's Shutong Pavilion dismounted in front of a heavy topic, Liang wrote this poem. Tragedy makes a king, and old pine trees are sparse.
I went back to my hometown and went to Hangzhou. Feng, Du Fu's fifth brother, has been alone in Jiangzuo for nearly three or four years. He asked me to send these two songs. I heard that you are in Yishan Temple and Hangzhou is going to Yuezhou.
Dust flooded another day, Jianghan lost its clear autumn. Shadows cover ape trees, and souls float on a mirage.
Spring water will come next year, and the oriental white clouds will be full. Bai Juyi met at the age of fifteen, and he was happy on the fifteenth day of the first month.
Spring breeze comes to the seaside and the moon is in the upper reaches of the river. Lights are everywhere, and music is everywhere.
It's okay to think of Dili, not tired of Hangzhou. There are 23 poems by Bai Juyi and Wei, and three poems by me. I am 57 years old, and I am honored.
There are three branches, Suzhou and Hangzhou. Talent is shallow, but heart is weak and hard.
May drift with the tide and die of dust. Where are Bai Juyi and Chunshen's 20 Chunshen? Chunshen is the home of prostitutes.
Eyebrows deceive willow leaves, skirts envy pomegranate flowers. Blue musk deer smoked quilt, gold and copper nails rode by car.
Su Xiaoxiao and Hangzhou are the most human. Luo Yin's three poems about Mr. Xuan Tong's thatched cottage often arouse memories and discussions, but vivid events still exist.
The wine is all over Hangzhou, and the clouds are pale and arrogant. There is no way to go back and forth, just go home.
Since then, I haven't said anything, and I should close the door. Bai Juyi met the scenery before the end of the year. The sea plum is half white and half yellow, and the frozen water has been melted for a long time.
There is no bitter frost in the twelfth month, and the spring scenery is good. In the county seat, I listen to the official drums at night, and in the city, I lean against the female wall.
Business is becoming more and more leisurely and healthy, so that you are not tired of Hangzhou. Bai Juyi's remaining Hangzhou shape is better than the remaining Hangzhou shape, and the state is next to Zhenhu Lake in Qingshan County.
Three miles around the lotus, there are 1000 pine trees in Fucheng. Meng Erting was called Xie in ancient times and taught prostitutes to build a new surname Su.
It is too old to be alone, and the scenery is not called white mustache. Bai Juyi is satisfied with Hangzhou and Vietnam's neighbors except the observer in eastern Zhejiang. First of all, he gave a long sentence, Jishan water mirror changed oil, and rhinoceros was awarded the gold medal.
Although the official position is smaller than your school, your government and I are neighbors. The county building plays a thousand peaks and moons, and the river boundary divides the spring on both sides equally.
Hangzhou-Vietnamese master of landscape poetry and wine, who is more suitable for you? Bai Juyi replied with a little boast that the state government of Yue congratulated the people on their return to the newspaper, and the state government was like Xianju.
I've been watching Fengyi for a long time, but I'm glad to see the beginning of Lanting Tobacco Field. The sunrise flag is angry, and the pavilion is empty in the middle of the month.
Knowing that you are secretly counting Jiangnan counties, Hangzhou is not as good as Hangzhou. Bai Juyi answered my humble opinion (when the county building greeted the snow). For the poor scenery and things in Zhejiang, count the rest of the trip first.
Jade Temple is not as envious as Tianzhu Temple. The dusty cranes are warm in spring, while the wet wings of Sha Ou are low.
Do you love Xue Loujun more? The red column is filled with silver mud. Bai Juyi's "Spring Scene on the Lake" is like painting a picture, with chaotic peaks around the checkpoint.
There are thousands of green hills on the pine row and a pearl in the heart of the moon. Early rice is pumped by the blue carpet line, and the green Luo skirt shows Xinpu.
I didn't throw it into Hangzhou, and half the sentences were left in this lake. Bai Juyi won the favor of Cui Eighteen Ambassadors in Huzhou, and the neighboring counties of Hangzhou and Vietnam became attached to the three counties because of their growing sentences, and Zhenyuan was the first in the same year.
So, after I opened the book with joy, I thought of the old things in front of me. The state of Yue sealed the border and swallowed the blue sea, while the tower of Hangzhou melted into smoke.
Xing Wu, a modest gentleman, is the last fairy in Penglai. Bai Juyi's topic is that Shishan people are standing in the world, and noble people are virtuous and foolish.
Drink alone at a greasy feast, and the bells will sing alone at the mountain. It's okay to save the gods and ban the three corpses.
Who cares more about your leisure than the satrap of Bai Hang? Bai Juyi went to Suzhou to Changzhou, and Hang Cheng, who answered Jia Sheren the next year, turned to Su Tai, and also restrained the previous five horses.
I hate to close my eyes before reading, but I like to open my eyebrows for a while after drinking a glass of wine. If you don't pay, you won't come if you want to make meritorious deeds and become famous.
First, don't inherit the county with three collars, and be willing to be a rough talent with humanity. Bai Juyi asked Hangzhou to stop drinking for me and made an appointment with you.
The mountain name Tianzhu heaps indigo, and the lake name Qiantang flows green oil. There are many geese's teeth under the big eaves, and there are faucets painted on the boats.
Without 300 waterways, why do officials have to swim again? Bai Juyi's dark and gloomy shirt, called the old woman, came out of Zhumen half-covered and half-mopped.
Wu Jun's new poems are on the sleeve, while Hangzhou's old wine marks are on the front. The residual color is too beautiful to look at, so the fragrance is still there because it has been washed and smelled.
It has been rotten for three years. It seems ungrateful to throw away the empty box. Bai Juyi published three micro-poems at the end of the year. I can't sigh for a long time, but I don't care about returning the book.
More than half a century has passed, and Jiazi will die at the age of one. Xiao He stuck to the bottom of the boat by the pool, and the bottom of Luva ditch was completely snowed.
Self-conscious joy is decreasing day by day, and Suzhou's heart is not as good as Hangzhou's. Bai Juyi sent away his three brothers and teenagers, who had commanded two thousand soldiers and camped at night listening to songs.
The head of the reflexive mountain garden is all white, and the flag is still bright every time. Hangzhou drunk in bed, Wu Jun spring outing.
Ashamed of Allen's slow official position, he only taught his younger brother to be your younger brother. Bai Juyi praised Suzhou and Hangzhou as a famous county in the past and now they are good officials.
Two places and the whole country have been smashed, and five years of romance will cripple them. When the wine lamp has been abandoned, where is the flower?
The white hair is full, and the poetry and wine are fading.
3. What ancient poems describe Hangzhou? 1. Qu Yuan's Wind and Lotus.
Song dynasty
After all, in mid-June, the scenery of the West Lake was not written at four o'clock.
Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun.
2. Broken bridges and snowflakes
the Ming Dynasty
Hu Cheng Lake is sunny, the sun is choppy, and the ice flowers in plum blossoms are half stopped.
Unique broken bridge and barren road, there are still remnants of snow brewing spring cold.
3. "Su Causeway Xiao Chun"
Mingyangzhou
Spring is the time when a dark willow blossoms, and the thick lake fog will disperse the top of the forest.
The oriole stopped smoking, and Su Causeway gave a loud cry.
4. Watch the moon in Pinghu
Song NaHo
When the cold spring doesn't flow, where does the eulogy go to the ship?
In the west wind of Polygonum hydropiper in Baiping, the lake is full of light autumn.
5. Watch fish in Huagang
Qingganlong
The foot of Huajia Mountain is full of flowers and fish.
The most important thing is to pick the west in spring, and the bottom will be autumn water, realizing the south.
6. Liulang Wenying
Wu Song prestige
Pear blossoms blow, and wanderers lead spring out of the city.
At dusk, the song goes away, and ten thousand willows belong to Claudia's son.
7. Santa Yin Yue
Yuan yintinggao
The Broken Fairy Pagoda stands in Pinghu, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the ink is full of fragrance.
In the dead of night, old Long Lin is cold, and the pearl bathes in the depths of curling.
8. "Double Peaks in the Cloud"
Yuan yintinggao
The rugged face-to-face situation is fierce and the ancient pagodas are sparse.
Write out all the smoke and rain barriers in the West Lake, and pick the clear sky with pen-like double tips.
9. Nanping Night Clock
Yuan yintinggao
Above the ethereal Leifeng, several winds send you to the window.
The willow borer tourists scattered, paying the mountain monk to take his grandson to fight.
Hangzhou, referred to as "Hangzhou" for short, is the capital and sub-provincial city of Zhejiang Province, located in the southeast coast of China, the northern part of Zhejiang Province, the lower reaches of Qiantang River and the southern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is the political, economic, cultural, educational, transportation and financial center of Zhejiang Province, one of the central cities of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, a node city of the Yangtze River Delta Ning Hang eco-economic belt, one of the important e-commerce centers in China, and a new first-tier city.
Hangzhou has a history of more than 2200 years since the establishment of the county government in Qin Dynasty. It was once the capital of Wu Yueguo and the Southern Song Dynasty, and one of the eight ancient capitals of China. Because of its beautiful scenery, it is known as "paradise on earth". Due to the convenience of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and trade ports, as well as its own developed silk and grain industries, Hangzhou was once an important commercial distribution center in history. Later, relying on the opening of Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway and other railway lines and the promotion of Shanghai's import and export trade, light industry developed rapidly.
There are many cultural relics in Hangzhou, and there are many natural and cultural landscape relics in and around the West Lake. Among them, the unique cultures mainly represented are West Lake culture, Liangzhu culture, silk culture and tea culture, and many stories and legends handed down have become the representatives of Hangzhou culture.
The poem about Hangzhou is 1. The poem "Ten Scenes of West Lake": One peak is superior, and the two talked happily.
There is the West Lake here, so I refuse to go. The lake is as cold as ice, and the moonlight is lighter than snow.
Give up three pools, Hangzhou people don't look at the moon. Liu Yin's long beach is high, but the moon is scarce.
I hesitate to loosen the soil, but I wonder if I stepped on the snow. The night air in Nanping is as thin as paper.
The bell rings on it and crosses the river at night. (Nanping Night Bell) Smoke willows shade peach blossoms, and ruby sinks into autumn water.
It's too late to be weak, and Shi just went to sleep. (Xiao Chun, Su Causeway) She has a faint pimple on her face and smiles.
What makes Lotus drunk? Warm wind is like wine. (Quyuan Fenghe) The deep willow is called oriole, and the sound is green.
If you have poetry, you should not go beyond preaching. (Liu Lang Wenying) Canta is a drunkard near the shore of the lake.
Strange feelings are in the rubble, so there is no need to resort to labor. (Lei Feng Sunset) Looking at the bright moon in autumn, cold air enters Lin Hao.
Listen to the lonely geese, the sound is light and the sky is high. (Autumn Moon in Pinghu) I hate releasing ponds and building fish prisons for no reason.
When you come to Huagang today, are you willing to be bound? Watching fish in the flower harbor) 2. On the twelfth day of the twelfth lunar month, I visited Qin Hui Whistler (Song Dynasty). Su Shi wanted snow in the sky, went to the lake, the balcony was clear, and the mountain was destroyed. There are plenty of stone fish in the water, but there are no birds in the forest.
I really entertain myself when I don't return to my wife and children in the twelfth lunar month. Where do Taoist priests live? Pandong Baoyun Mountain Road.
Who wants to live in a lonely mountain? Taoist priests are not alone on their mountains. Paper window bamboo building is deep and warm, sitting and lying in the garden.
In cold weather, I don't worry about my servant at all, so I have to drive home and can't leave. Out of the mountain, looking back at the cloud shadow tree, I saw the floating picture of wild storks.
Being indifferent is better than being happy, and coming home feels like a dream. Poetry is desperate for death, and it is difficult to copy a clear scene if it is lost.
3. Plum Blossoms (Song Dynasty) Lin Bu's fragrant flowers are swaying and occupying a small garden: the shadows are shallow and the faint fragrance comes at dusk. Cold birds want to fly, first glimpse plum blossoms; Butterflies will be enchanting if they know the beauty of plum blossoms.
Fortunately, there is a whisper to compare, and there is no need for a sandalwood board. 4. Slight lips and faint fragrance (Song) Wang Xueji is deep, the north branch is sleepy, and the south branch is awake. The fragrance is thin and the shadow is thin, and loneliness is overwhelming.
Jade ice poses form a landscape. Chanting on the railing, the moon is bright and the stream is quiet, recalling Lin Hejing's past.
5. "Recalling Jiangnan" Bai Juyi Jiangnan is good and the scenery is old. At sunrise, the river is red as fire, and in spring, the river is green as blue.
Can you not remember Jiangnan? Jiang Nanyi, the most memorable is Hangzhou.
Looking for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, watching the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion. When will you revisit?
6. "Sauvignon Blanc" (Southern Song Dynasty) Lin Sheng and the wind smoked, the willows were light, the mountains and rivers were flat, and the laughter was full of fragrant trails; Thinking about the past and looking at the starry sky, people lean on the broken bridge and travel west, and the moon shadow is drunk and tender. 7. "Title Lin 'an House" Castle Peak Building outside the mountain, when will the West Lake song and dance stop?
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent. 8. "Drinking Rain after Chu Qing on the Lake" Su Shi's water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are rainy.
If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, heavy makeup and light makeup are always appropriate. 9. Xiao Jingci Temple sent Lin Zifang [Song] Yang Wanli. After all, in mid-June, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that at four o'clock.
Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun. 10. "Pan-West Lake at Night" Su Shi's branches are full of water, and the lotus flowers are Ye Xiang.
Watch the lights gradually come out of the temple in the distance, and wait until the moon gets dark to see the lake. 1 1. "West Lake" Ouyang Xiu Xiang Piao Hua, Junning remembers Yangzhou.
Twenty-four bridge months bring ten years of autumn to the West Lake, 12. "Spring Tour in Qiantang" Baijuyi Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water level is low. Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe. I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
13. Visiting the Tomb of the King of Yue (fifteen poems) Yuan Mei (Qing Dynasty) Jiangshan also needs the help of great people, deifying Danqing means drawing pictures. Lai Youyue is under double protection.
The world began to feel heavy about the West Lake. I just want to remember so much for the time being, hoping to help you.
5. What are the poems describing the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou? 1, "Chu Xiao Jingci Temple sends Lin Zifang" Yang Wanli in Song Dynasty.
It is the scenery of the West Lake in June, which is really different from other seasons.
Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun.
The scenery of Hangzhou West Lake in June is different from other seasons: the dense lotus leaves are spread out layer by layer, connected with the blue sky, and endless green; Graceful lotus flowers are in full bloom, especially bright and red under the sunshine.
2,' picking mulberry, thinking about the West Lake on Qingming Day' Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty.
During the Qingming Festival, the West Lake is good and prosperous everywhere.
Who is fighting for the way? Green willows and bamboos push the cart.
During Tomb-Sweeping Day and Shangsi Festival, the scenery of Hangzhou West Lake is very good. My eyes are a bustling scene. Whose horses and chariots are fighting for the road? A car with red wheels and golden flowers ran around the willows on the side of the road in order to get ahead.
3, "Hangzhou Spring Hope" Tang Bai Juyi.
Looking at the sea tower in the distance, the morning is bright and the river bank is white.
That night, he should be recruited into the temple and hide with Liu Sechun.
The Wanghai Building outside Hangzhou is covered with bright morning glow, walking on the berm and stepping on the soft white sand. The roar of Qiantang Taoyuan reached the military temple in the spring night, and the delicate green willows wrapped Sue's little home.
4, "A Flower Hangzhou Scene" Yuan Guan Hanqing
The western saltworks are like Qiong Yao and Wu Shan, with thousands of jadeites.
Five grains, looking at Qiantang River glass.
The beautiful Yantian in the west of Hangzhou is like a precious Qiong Yao, and the colorful Wu Shan is like layers of emeralds. Oh, look at Qiantang River. It's like a million hectares of glass shining.
5,' Three Memories of Jiangnan' Tang Bai Juyi.
Jiang Nanyi, the most memorable is Hangzhou.
Looking for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, watching the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion. When will you come again?
The most memorable thing in Jiangnan is Hangzhou, which is like a paradise. Visit Lingyin Temple, look for laurel seeds in the bright moon, board the county pavilion, and lie on it to enjoy the ebb and flow of Qiantang River. When can I go to play again?
6. The poems describing Hangzhou are beautiful and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy. If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate. (Su Shi)
Lonely pu boundless water, lotus fragrance at night.
Su Shi's Five Wonders of Pan-West Lake
Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water surface is flat at the foot of the cloud.
Several early songbirds compete for warm trees, and their new swallows peck at the soil in spring.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the eastbound lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana.
Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang
It is the scenery of the West Lake in June, which is really different from other seasons.
The next day, the lotus leaves are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers that reflect the sun are different.
Yang Wanli's Letter to Lin Zifang from Jingci Temple in Chu Xiao.
Chunti Lake
(Tang) Bai Juyi
The spring scenery on the lake is picturesque, and the chaotic peaks are scattered around the checkpoint.
There are thousands of green hills on the pine row and a pearl in the heart of the moon.
Early rice is pumped by the blue carpet line, and the green Luo skirt shows Xinpu.
I didn't throw it into Hangzhou, and half of it was this lake.
In Wang Yanna's Su Gong Di in the Ming Dynasty, there is a poem that "the shadows hide the oriole in the willow, and the fragrance scatters the wind and flowers chase the sound of hooves". This poem focuses on the intoxicating scenery of Su Causeway. "West Lake Six Bridges, One Willow and One Peach." Every spring in March, willows are blowing, green waves are flying, peach blossoms are in full bloom, red clouds are everywhere, and the green smoke of Shili Long Beach is filled with intoxicating fragrance.
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Ning's poem "Spring Dawn in Su Causeway" said: "Liuyang is full of long dikes, and Huaming Road is not lost. Before the painting boat rises, the side pillow listens to the sound of warblers. "
Wu Weixin's poem "Qingming is a thing in Su Causeway" in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "At dusk, willows are prostitutes." Lu You also wrote a poem "Flowers are full of Su Causeway willows and smoke". It can be seen that Su Causeway can't live without the singing of Liu, Xin and Ying.
7. The poems describing Hangzhou are beautiful and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy. If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate. (Su Shi)
Lonely pu boundless water, lotus fragrance at night.
Su Shi's Five Wonders of Pan-West Lake
Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water surface is flat at the foot of the cloud.
Several early songbirds compete for warm trees, and their new swallows peck at the soil in spring.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the eastbound lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana.
Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang
It is the scenery of the West Lake in June, which is really different from other seasons.
The next day, the lotus leaves are infinitely blue, and the lotus flowers that reflect the sun are different.
Yang Wanli's Letter to Lin Zifang from Jingci Temple in Chu Xiao.
Chunti Lake
(Tang) Bai Juyi
The spring scenery on the lake is picturesque, and the chaotic peaks are scattered around the checkpoint.
There are thousands of green hills on the pine row and a pearl in the heart of the moon.
Early rice is pumped by the blue carpet line, and the green Luo skirt shows Xinpu.
I didn't throw it into Hangzhou, and half of it was this lake.
In Wang Yanna's Su Gong Di in the Ming Dynasty, there is a poem that "the shadows hide the oriole in the willow, and the fragrance scatters the wind and flowers chase the sound of hooves". This poem focuses on the intoxicating scenery of Su Causeway. "West Lake Six Bridges, One Willow and One Peach." Every spring in March, willows are blowing, green waves are flying, peach blossoms are in full bloom, red clouds are everywhere, and the green smoke of Shili Long Beach is filled with intoxicating fragrance.
In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Ning's poem "Spring Dawn in Su Causeway" said: "Liuyang is full of long dikes, and Huaming Road is not lost. Before the painting boat rises, the side pillow listens to the sound of warblers. "
Wu Weixin's poem "Qingming is a thing in Su Causeway" in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "At dusk, willows are prostitutes." Lu You also wrote a poem "Flowers are full of Su Causeway willows and smoke". It can be seen that Su Causeway can't live without the singing of Liu, Xin and Ying.