Poetry 1. Use ancient poems with complicated scenery.
1. Moved the scene.
"Feeling from the scene" is also called "feeling from the scene" and "feeling from the scene", which means that there is a scene first, then there is love. "Scenery is the medium of poetry" (in Xie Zhen), the characters are relatively calm at first, but they are stimulated by the external scenery to arouse their feelings, so they are called "touching the scene and feeling".
Du Fu's "Climbing the Mountain" is a typical touching work: the sky is high and the wind is urgent, the apes are singing and the birds are singing, and the lake is clear and the sand is white. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Hardship, pain, hatred, heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine.
When the poet climbs the mountain, he sees a desolate and magnificent autumn scenery: the vast river, the sorrowful apes, the erratic birds, the rolling Yangtze River and the rustling of fallen trees (the first two couplets). This desolate scenery touched his feelings of long-term wandering, old illness and loneliness, so he was miserable at home (the last two couplets). There are many examples of touching the scene: "The smoke in Pinglin is vast, and the cold mountain area is sad."
When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is sad. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly.
Where are you going home, road-side pavilion. "(Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man);" Suddenly I saw the willow color on the stranger's head and regretted letting my husband find a seal "(Wang Changling's" Always in my heart "); Flowers, as high as my window, hurt the heart of a wanderer, because I see from this height that sadness is everywhere "(Du Fu's" Climbing the Building "); We met for the last time in the flowers, where we parted, and here, a year later, there were flowers "(Wei," To My Friends and Peace ") ... 2. Scenery based on love.
"Taking emotion as a scene", also known as "from emotion to scene", means that there is emotion first, and then there is a scene, and "everything is my color because of my view of things" (Wang Guowei's "Words on Earth"). The setting of scenery is always based on emotion. As the saying goes, "Emotion makes the scenery sad, while emotion makes the scenery happy" (Wu Qiao's Poems on the Furnace).
The poet's mood is more exciting. When he added this excitement to the scenery, he saw all the scenery when he was happy, all the scenery when he was happy and all the scenery when he was sad. For example, Li Bai's "Mourning the Chao and Celebrating the Heng": "Japanese Chao Heng resigned from the Imperial City and set sail around Penghu.
Like a bright moon, the sea does not return, and the mood of missing you is like a faint cloud hanging over Yuntai Mountain. The unfortunate experience of his friend Chao Heng made the poet extremely sad. Under the control of this emotion, all the scenery is infected with his subjective feelings: the sky is full of sadness, and layers of white clouds are shrouded in Cangwu Mountain at sea, as if mourning the death of Chao Heng.
Examples of romantic scenery writing in classical poetry are not uncommon: "An old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. The lonely sail is far from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. "
(Li Bai's Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou); "Jason Wu, as a hometown, is connected with water, and it is slim for you to go to Chunjiang. Where do the sails anchor at sunset? And heaven remains our neighbourhood, breaking people's intestines. "
(Meng Haoran's "Send Du Fourteen Down to the South"); "Lonely west wing, such as hook. Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn. "
(Li Yu's "Hui Huan") ... (2) Situational empathy, situational affection. 1. empathize with the scenery.
Empathy for the scene is personification, which endows the scene with human feelings and makes it have feelings for people, thus making the author's feelings stronger. For example, Li Bai wrote in the poem "Old Laoting": "The world is sad, and the old Laoting sends guests away.
Spring breeze will also want to leave the pain of parting, instead of urging this willow tree to turn green. "In this poem, the author wrote the original ignorant and heartless spring breeze with affection, making it share the heart of parting and sorrow with others, thus turning it into me and making it the emotional embodiment of the poet.
In Liu Changqing's "Send Judge Li to Runzhou Camp", the phrase "Refuse to stay at home, and the grass will send horseshoes" euphemistically expresses the image that travelers can't stay on the pretext of refusing to stay, while the horseshoes of pedestrians are far away on the grass, expecting to bid farewell to friends like themselves, expressing a very long and tortuous farewell. Another example is Du Mu's "Two Farewells" sentence, in which "the candle is willing to say goodbye, crying for others until dawn". By writing candles, the sadness of keeping people crying and sleepless all night is expressed implicitly, lingering and chic ... The empathy for the scenery can be seen everywhere in classical poems: Ouyang Xiu's butterfly lovers, "Tears ask flowers without words, and red flies fly over the swing." Yan Shu's "butterfly lovers", "The moon is unfamiliar and resentful, and the oblique light wears Zhu Hu"; Du Fu's Fatanzhou, "Flowers fly to the shore to see off guests, and Yan Yan keeps people"; Qian Qi's "Returning to the Old Cottage in the Late Spring" "Began to pity the window of Youzhu Mountain, and did not treat me in a different shade".
"Emotion in the scenery" is also called "melting feelings in the scenery", "writing feelings with the scenery" or "expressing feelings through the scenery". Kuang Zhouyi said in "The Wind and the Flowers": "Writing about scenery and romance are not the same thing.
A lover of love, but he writes about the scenery and loves it. Chen's bandit said: "Words are solid works of love, but words with love are thin.
It is necessary to integrate feelings into the scene and see feelings from the scene. "("Old Moonlight Zhai Ci Tan ") The scenery is full of emotions, which can make poetry receive implicit and intriguing effects.
There is a saying in the Book of Songs: "I went there yesterday, Liu Yiyi. Today I think it's raining. "
Liu Xizai's evaluation of its benefits is "deep and elegant, and it is lyrical by borrowing scenery". Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Shicheng": "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and it is lonely.
On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace. "This poem describes the scenery, but there is not a scene that does not blend into the deep sadness of the poet's hometown depression and bleak life. It is a typical lyric work.
There are also many examples of lyricism in classical poetry: Li Hua's Improvisation in Spring: "Grass grows at the foot of Yiyang City, and water flows from east to west. There are no flowers in the fragrant trees, and birds crow all the way to the spring mountain. "
In Wei's "Twilight Rain", the sentence "Your wet sails are dragging and the shadows are flying slowly": Du Fu's "Book of Letters", the green grass stains the steps in spring, and the birds are chirping happily under the leaves. ..... are beautiful sentences that integrate feelings into the scene.
(3) background scenery. "Love stories must be set off by scenery, profound and beautiful."
(Wu's Lotus Poem), ancient China poets have a deep understanding of this. In classical poetry, there are many examples of rendering scenery to set off the feelings expressed. Scenery can be divided into positive contrast and negative contrast.
1. Front lining. Write a sad mood with a sad scene.
Jing Ke's Song of Yi Shui: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever." In the poem, the sadness of heaven and earth sets off the farewell feeling of a strong man when he dies.
Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip" begins with the phrase "maple leaves and rushes rustling in the autumn wind on the Xunyang River at night", which is used to add sadness to parting. There is a sentence in Li Shangyin's Untitled that "the time was long before I met her, and the time was longer after we parted, and the east wind started and a hundred flowers blossomed", so I chose the hundred flowers to wither.
2. Is the imaginary scene at the end of ancient poetry lyrical with scenery?
Most of them are.
For example, Li Shangyin's poem "A note to a friend in the north on a rainy night" said, "When * * * cuts the candle at the west window, it talks about the rain at night." Make an ending.
This poem was written twice: "Rain at Night". The first time it was written in fact, the second time it was written in white. I dreamed of meeting my wife again, and then I recalled the scene of rain at night when "the candle was cut at the west window". The poet chose two modes here: one is the dynamic scissors, and the other is the confirmation of pronunciation.
"* * * Cut the candle at the west window" depicts a beautiful picture of a beautiful night in detail and infinitely, and the word "* * *" describes the intimate mode. However, the word "He Dang" pushed the beautiful scenery described by the poet into the distance and into the void.
This beautiful scenery turned out to be nothing more than the poet's yearning for it. As for when to return to my gentle hometown, everything is "irregular". This sentence is full of emotion, but it does not contain a word "emotion", which is very implicit.
3. Poems expressing feelings for the scenery
Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers continue, and spring returns to green trees and grasslands, petals fall like tears. Lonely birds sing their sadness after three months of war. A message from home is better than a ton of gold. I touch my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. -Du Fu's "Spring Watch" and "Spring Watch" are a five-character poem written in March 757 when Du Fu looked at the dilapidated scene of occupied Chang 'an and wanted to live in Zhangzhou, expressing the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness. The author combines lyricism with scenery writing, and writes scenery with emotion, starting with flowers and birds, "feeling the time" and "hating farewell", flowers are also "splashing tears" and birds are also "shocking the world", which leads to the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people. The first part is what Wang Chun saw: the mountains and rivers still exist, and the capital has fallen; In spring, there are many flowers and trees, and the downtown area becomes a wasteland. The word "broken" is shocking, and the word "deep" is full of sadness. Chang 'an used to be a luxurious and prosperous capital, but now there are only flowers and trees. There is no grand occasion for tourists to weave, and there is no busy city where people are boiling and goods flow smoothly. I can only see that Liuxi Xinpu is still green. Thousands of doors were locked in the former palace. Tears splash petals, birds grieve and hate the separation of their loved ones, which makes people feel confused. Flowers and birds are supposed to entertain people, but because they hate parting, they make the poet cry and feel sad. There is also an understanding of these two sentences, that is, flowers and birds are used to imitate people, and when they leave, they are sad, flowers also splash tears, and birds are also surprised. This is that the poet looks at things with affectionate eyes, and things also have feelings. These two understandings are essentially the same and both are expressed. Vision from the whole to the local, from chaos to clarity. Emotional display from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step, layer by layer to reveal. From the changes of feelings and scenery, people can imagine that the poet turned his head slowly to meditate from afar, thus entering the second half of the poem-missing his loved ones. The necklace says that the war has been burning for a whole month, and letters from home may be worth thousands of dollars, which is even harder to get. "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold", which is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. The ending couplet ends with the poet's feeling of looking back on the past, which shows the poet's sad mood: his hair has turned white, but now it is getting shorter and shorter; It is almost impossible to have sparse white hair. The poet was 45 years old when he wrote this poem, but his hair was really gray. This can be confirmed by his poem "When I fall into the dust, I will return to all my hair" in the Northern Expedition that autumn. "Whitehead" is sparse to the point of "countless", and its old state can be proved. The content is rich but not complicated, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid. It is indeed a rare masterpiece, and it is no wonder that it is still popular after 1200 years.
4. Examples: Poems ending in landscape language, analyze what kind of imagination space is given to readers.
Xijiangyue Xin Qiji
The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.
In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.
explain
This article is the masterpiece of the author when he lived with the lake in Shangrao. It depicts the beautiful scenery of the rural summer night through its own specific feelings in The Yellow Sand Road at Night. The image is vivid, the feeling is cordial and delicate, and the brushwork is light and lively, which makes people feel realistic. This word embodies the diversity of Xin ci style.
In the last movie, we used some familiar words, such as "bright moon" and "breeze". However, when they are combined with "parting surprise magpie" and "cicada singing in the third night", they form a deep artistic conception of paying equal attention to melody and sound, and moving and moving Xian Yi, and people even ignore the plainness and stability of these two sentences. "Moon" and "Surprising Magpie", "Wind" and "Singing Cicada" are not simple things listed, but have internal relations and causal relationships. In the third and fourth sentences, the author grasps the most distinctive things in the countryside on summer nights and further promotes them. Due to the limited visibility at night, the author's feelings are not mainly absorbed by the eyes, but sometimes captured by the organs of smell and hearing. "In the fragrance of rice and flowers, it is said that the harvest is good and the frog sounds", which is described from two aspects: smell and hearing. This is the main brain between the lines, and it is the root of the cheerful mood that covers the whole article. Although the last movie was about a sunny night, it was already raining. People who have rich experience in rural life seem to be able to smell and hear the information that a shower is coming from the "fragrance of rice and flowers" and "frog sound".
The next piece of paper turned into writing rain. But not in the rain, but before it. The first sentence is looking from a distance: "There are seven or eight stars in the sky", which means that there are dark clouds everywhere, and sparse starlight can be seen through the clouds. This realm is quite different from the atmosphere in the last movie. The second sentence; "There is rain before Zhongshan at two or three o'clock", which reads the message that showers are coming and heavy rain is coming. Since the raindrops have been sprinkled in front of the mountain, they should be sprinkled behind it. The author's mood became a little anxious, so he naturally wanted to hurry up or find a shelter from the rain. The third and fourth sentences describe this psychological activity: "In the old days, the Maodian was by the forest, and the road turned to the bridge." Because the author usually travels in Huangsha Road, I know there is a thatched shop next to the Woods, but at this time, because it is night, I am flustered and suddenly disappeared. However, after crossing the stone bridge on the stream and following a bend, the old acquaintance's maodian suddenly appeared in front of us. How happy it should be!
This word fully embodies the author's joy of harvest and his love for rural life.
Translated words
The moon shines on the magpies on the oblique branches,
Let it fly uneasily,
In the middle of the night, the breeze is blowing and cicadas are singing.
The fragrance of rice flowers brings the message of bumper harvest.
Singing the song of harvest year, frogs are connected.
Seven or eight stars, twinkling on the distant horizon,
Two or three drops of rain fell in front of the mountain peak.
Where did the cabin shop next to the social forest go?
Turning the stone bridge by the stream, he suddenly appeared in front of him.
Moon Bay in Xijiang River, Huangsha Middle Road.
The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance. In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.