First, relying on Qu Yuan, loyal and clean Qu Yuan was an aristocrat of Chu at the end of the Warring States Period. His loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and lofty ideals are praised and admired by the world. Qu Yuan was discredited, disloyal, slandered and finally despaired. In 278 BC, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month died in tears in Luojiang. Mourning Qu Yuan has also become one of the mainstream views on the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. Poets and poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties also wrote Dragon Boat Festival poems praising Qu Yuan and attacking traitors.
Qu yuan stills
The Dragon Boat Festival written by Wen Xiu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, not only points out the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, but also expresses the poet's resentment that loyal officials were framed by treacherous court officials, wronged by a bad king and died unjustly.
The festival is divided into Dragon Boat Festival, which is said to be Qu Yuan.
I can laugh at the emptiness of the Chu River, but I can't wash it straight.
Mei, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, also described the Chu people's helplessness and sadness at Qu Yuan's unfortunate experience of being rejected by the court and slandered by treacherous court officials. Only by throwing zongzi into the river and rowing the boat can people try their best to drive away the dragon that tried to eat Qu Yuan's body.
Qu Jia Wu, Chu people can not afford to fail.
Why not slander, but want to be a dragon?
Hate before death, not after death.
Yuan Xiang Bi Tan Shui wants to see the striker.
Qu Yuan's legacy is irreversible. Later generations can only try their best to trace the legacy of Qu Yuan and inherit the noble sentiments of loyalty and unyielding.
Qu yuan's paintings
Su Shi is worthy of the reputation of being bold and unconstrained. In his poem Qu Yuan Tower, he described that Chu people were still sad, "choked" and "wailed" for Qu Yuan's death after thousands of years, and could not bear to make an early decision. They passed down the custom of "quenching thirst with food" from generation to generation. In this way, they remembered Qu Yuan. However, Su Shi made a change, inferring Qu Yuan's generous attitude of dying: "Qu Yuan, an ancient strong man, had a heavy intention of dying. ..... The ancients died, so why should we test it? Fame is endless, and wealth is also a temporary fever. The doctor knows this, so he insists on dying. " Thus, it changed the sad mood in the first half of the poem, alluded to the secular attachment to wealth, and eulogized Qu Yuan's heroic spirit of sacrificing his life for righteousness with heroic brushstrokes and mentality.
Compared with the generosity of Quyuan Pagoda, Su Shi's other poem, Liu Yao Zhong Jie, has only 46 words, but it covers the main festivals and customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as "tiger elephant", "mourning pu", "paper kite", "zongzi", "dragon boat crossing" and "hanging on the river", which is a festive atmosphere. However, in the second half of the article, the style of writing took a sharp turn for the worse, and words such as "crying", "white temples", "crying", "tears exhausted" and "heartbreak" were used to render a sad and sad picture, which was quite different from the heroic and fresh before and after.
The tiger symbol is wrapped around the arm, and the festival is also the Dragon Boat Festival. The door is green, the sky is pale and kites are flying. Zongyexiang flies ten miles, bringing joy to wine. Dragon boat race, cheering and shouting, paying tribute to the river and reciting the gift of the monarch.
Sighing in a daze, Qin swallowed Chu. What do strangers know about crying and lewdness? In the morning and evening, the new pavilion shed tears, and the tears were exhausted. Miluo Zhu Jiang and Xiang Lei have passed away, but there are thousands of heartbroken sentences.
Second, eating zongzi and drinking pu, exorcising evil spirits and praying for blessings as early as the pre-Qin period, with the prevalence of Zhouyi gossip, Yin and Yang Five Elements and other ideological trends, people gradually thought that May in the summer calendar was noon, and if it met noon on the fifth day of the lunar calendar, it was heavy noon. In gossip, stay away from the position in the afternoon. In terms of fire, C is also a yang fire. Therefore, the fifth day of May (noon) can be said to add fuel to the fire, and this day can be called "poison day". People even think that the so-called "five poisons" of scorpions, snakes, geckos, centipedes and toads have been active since noon on May 5, poisoning the world.
Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people created many methods, such as using five kinds of plants in the sky, such as Acorus calamus, wormwood, pomegranate flower, garlic and Shandan, to drive away the plague and pray for good health and good luck. Under the control of this belief, people have successively created the Dragon Boat Festival customs such as eating zongzi, drinking Pu wine, realgar wine, cinnabar wine, hanging wormwood or calamus, Mulan soup, tying colorful silk thread and wearing sachets.
zongzi
These Dragon Boat Festival meals and decorations are also reflected in the poems written by poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Ning He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in 100 Poems in Palace Style: "Embroidering the forehead with vermicelli is a shame to put the corner close to the lips. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the five colors are new. " In the Dragon Boat Festival, several important festival elements, such as zongzi, wormwood and five-color silk thread, are vividly described in just 28 words.
The Fisherman's Pride, written by Ouyang Xiu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, depicts the festive scene of people enjoying the charming Liu Hua, the fresh and natural beauty of Populus davidiana after the rain, listening to the euphemistic crow of orioles, happily eating croissants wrapped in five-color new silk bags and swigging calamus wine;
Liu Hua in May is very charming. The green poplars drooped because of the rain. Five-color new silk package jiaozi. Gold plate delivery. Give birth to a model, give birth to a twin phoenix.
It's time to bathe the orchids. Acorus calamus wine is beautiful and clear Huang Li in the leaves occasionally gets it. Still awkward. Waiting to break the dream of screen window.
Chen Zao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, hung his rhyme in the afternoon, while Xiang An's rhyme and rhyme were unique in the afternoon. It was easy for the elderly to eat candied fruit, but it was difficult for Pu Genxian to chew it when he was sick. Xiang An's rhyme was in the afternoon, so eating rice was more sweet and refreshing.
It's sweet to think of zongzi dipped in honey.
Su Shi's "Huanxisha" also vividly depicts that during the Dragon Boat Festival, beautiful women bathed in fragrant bluegrass water to wash their bodies, and then gently wrapped the "long life wisp" symbolizing the elimination of evil and health on their white arms; Insert the "Ai Fu" to ward off evil spirits on the cloud temples that are rolled up high. Happy holiday feeling, vividly on the paper:
The light sweat permeates Bibi Bay, bathing in Fang Lan during the Dragon Boat Festival in the Ming Dynasty. Qingchuan is full of fragrance.
The colored thread is lightly wrapped around the red jade arm, and the fine print hangs Lv Yun obliquely. Beautiful women meet for a thousand years.
Although many local people usually tie colored silk thread to their arms or wear it on their bodies, in the poem Five Silk, the Tang Dynasty poet Chu Chaoyang only used 65,438+00 words "Yue people spread Chu customs, chop bamboo and fight for silk" to reveal to later generations that people who crossed the country at that time (now Zhejiang) intercepted them by spreading colored silk thread in Chu (the land). With regional characteristics.
Yin (780-855), a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Dragon Boat Festival", but with the decadent mentality of an old man, he felt that he was no longer as happy and relaxed as a young man, but "Who knew he was old?" Old people with gray hair are no longer willing to wear moxa sticks to ward off evil spirits and play around like young people; Their greatest wish is to drink a glass of Pu wine quietly and talk about their lives.
The sad and boring artistic conception of the whole poem is quite ridiculed by later generations. However, isn't this a true portrayal of the mentality of many elderly people? After all, only a few old people are "crazy teenagers". What's more, in the face of the social reality of the late Tang Dynasty, such as the separation of princes, the imperial court's powerful people vying for power and profits, the eunuch's power, and the peasant uprising, I am worried about the future fate of the stormy Tang Dynasty. What festivals can make poets who have already penetrated the world feel happy and passionate again?
The stormy Tang dynasty
Comparatively speaking, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, brought his own refined mentality and atmosphere; One, because he personally created the most prosperous "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" in the Tang Dynasty, his heart was full of pride, and he suddenly wrote: "The thighs and arms are good enough to sing, and weathering can be restored." ("The Three Banquets of the Dragon Boat Festival") "Hundreds of trillions of people died together, and the vassal Yongsheng. If loyalty is not replaced, Fang Kun will be shocked. " (Dragon Boat Festival)
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and his concubine Yang Guifei
Wen Tianxiang, the patriotic minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, has a life ambition of "No one has died since ancient times, but pay attention to the past." At noon, I received a wormwood from my friend. I was deeply touched and decided to follow Qu Yuan's example, regardless of time and mountains and seas.
3. Dragon Boat Race The festival custom of dragon boat race on the Dragon Boat Festival is said to have originated from the activities of people on the riverside competing to save Qu Yuan after he sank into the Miluo River. Ge Hong's "Bao Puzi" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty records: "On the day when Qu Yuan cast his hand in Miluo, people ordered the boat to meet him, and so far he thought it was a competition." Later, the dragon boat race became an important part of the Dragon Boat Festival, prevailing in many regions and ethnic groups.
Poets and poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties were also inspired by this and created excellent poems about dragon boat races, leaving picturesque scenery for future generations. For example, Song of Race written by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty:
In May, the Yuanjiang River flows horizontally on the embankment, and people in the city will float colorful boats.
The spirit sang for a long time, and the lamentation shook from then on.
Yang Yan thundered and thundered, and the turbulence gathered and the sound came crashing.
The dragon trembled in the rain. Drinking water cannot be separated from rivers.
Song of Saidu by Zhang Jianfeng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, not only depicts the natural and quiet beauty of sunny weather, flowers blooming and birds singing and flowers fragrant, but also vividly depicts the grand occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival:
On May 5, it was sunny and Huayang sang Xiaoying by the river.
Before your majesty left Xianzhai, the river had already heard harmony.
The monarch came out, and the horse was led away by the red flag.
The clothes on both sides of the strait are faint and fragrant, and the silver hairpin shines on the frost blade.
Liu Kezhuang, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote "Dragon Boat Festival in He Xinlang", which depicts a lively scene in which pomegranate flowers are in full bloom, people wear Ai Hu and other ornaments to ward off evil spirits, and people watch dragon boat races.
Liu Hua vomited in the deep courtyard. Open the curtains, tie the clothes, fan the fan, and it will be clear in the afternoon. The children have finished praising, and the new sample is Ai Hu. Here we are. Tourists are watching the ferry. When the boss was young, he took part in accidental amusement, playing a stranger and fighting for the flag carelessly. The stream is raining heavily and the waves are dancing.