There has been a phenomenon of "transformation" in love stories that have been circulated all the time. The hero or heroine or one of the protagonists may not have a person at the beginning, but it is just a kind of title. The predecessors once said that this phenomenon is "collateral meeting", but this kind of collateral meeting often shows the imagination of beauty and goodness. The story of Liu Yuxi, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, and Du Weiniang, a geisha, is a kind of "transformation" phenomenon.
"Du Weiniang" is the musical name of Jiaofang between Kaiyuan and Tianbao in Tang Dynasty, which is recorded in Cui Lingqin's Jiaofang Ji. Or think that Du Weiniang was a geisha in or before the Tang Dynasty, and the later Jiaofang took her name system as the tune. If this statement is reliable, then the title of the song is transformed from the name of the person, but this statement is unfounded.
"Du Weiniang" was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Later generations followed each other, and there was a tune of "Du Weiniang" in Song Ci, and there were also tunes of the same name in Nanqu. Liu Yuxi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, chanted "Du Weiniang" and told a story. Tang Mengbang's "Poems of Skill and Emotion" records that when Liu Yuxi was the guest doctor, Li Shen, a bachelor of Jixian, resigned from his post in Beijing. Because of his admiration for Liu's name, he invited a banquet. During the dinner, a "wonderful prostitute" sang, and Liu Yuxi improvised a poem: "I asked Liu Yuxi to comb her hair and make up like a palace, and the spring breeze was like Du Weiniang. It' s common to be nosy, and it' s broken. " "Sikong" refers to Li, and "Jiangnan Secretariat" refers to the author himself. Li Shen then presented Liu with a geisha. Geisha, who got it by singing poems, often appeared in the upper life circle of the Tang Dynasty, and was often regarded as a "much-told story". Liu Yuxi's story is also recorded in Tang Fan Fang's "Friends of Yunxi", but the plot of the characters is different and the time and place are different. Liu Yuxi went to Suzhou to serve as the secretariat, passing through Yangzhou, where Du Hongjian, Yangzhou's fu, gave a banquet to treat each other. Liu got drunk and returned to the post office. When he woke up, he saw two women by his side. When asked, he realized that he had written a poem for Du and Du Linger, a musician, to serve in the bedroom. Liu can't remember what poems he wrote when he was drunk, and he didn't know until he asked. Liu Shi's 124 sentences recorded in Yunxi Youyi are slightly different from those recorded in Skill Poems, such as the first sentence is "high-bun cloud-like palace makeup", the third sentence is "commonplace" and the fourth sentence is "breaking the Suzhou secretariat". Liu Yuxi's poem has not only become the source of the idiom "commonplace", but also the story of writing poetry has been circulated for a long time. Song Ji's contribution was recorded in the Chronicle of Tang Poetry, and this story was also included in Taiping Guangji, which was also transcribed in the Love History of Ming Dynasty.
In the poems of the Yuan Dynasty, "Du Weiniang" is often used as a metaphor for a female singer, such as Bai Pu's Sanqu "Song": "It's a snowy spring, and a westerly wind breaks my heart. On the moonlit night, there is only Du Weiniang. " Ma Zuchang's Untitled poem: "Wei Niang dances a little, and when she is ill, she can call Hanlin doctor", which is the provincial name of "Xiao Chuishou" and the name of the dance. In Yuan Dynasty, Du Weiniang's love story appeared again. In The Romance of the West Chamber, the first time, the matchmaker sang "Oil Gourd": "The gaunt Pan Lang has silk on her temples, and Du Weiniang is not like the old days", so Du Weiniang is better than Cui Yingying. Then Du Weiniang seems to be a character in the love story. Zhou Wen has a zaju "Spring Breeze Du Weiniang", but it is a pity that it has not been passed down today. From the title of the play "Spring Breeze", it came from Liu Yuxi's poem "Spring Breeze is a tune of Du Weiniang". Future generations of researchers speculate that this drama is a story about Liu Yuxi and the geisha Du Weiniang. If Du Weiniang is indeed a singer in or before the Tang Dynasty, she is a real person. In terms of time, she is far from Liu Yuxi's era, but she might as well have this kind of imagination and "attachment". If Du Weiniang's story is "transformed" from Liu Yuxi's poem, and the title of the song becomes the name of a geisha, it might as well have this kind of germination and "transformation".
in the Ming dynasty, Xu Chao (shiquan) appeared a zaju "Liu Suzhou writes amorous feelings on the table" based on the records of the previous generation, and the story changed again. Xu Zuojin saw the second episode of Shengming Zaju, which is a ten-fold short play. The synopsis of the plot is: Liu Yuxi was called to Beijing to make up for Suzhou's secretariat, and passed through Yangzhou. Du Hung-chien welcomed him. To add to the fun, he invited two famous prostitutes, Ruyun (played by Dan) and Sai Yue (played by Tie Dan), to offer wine at the dinner, and told him that Liu Yuxi must like it. Two prostitutes took advantage of Liu's high spirits and asked Du Sikong to write a poem as a souvenir. Liu wrote a poem "Gao Ji Yun Huan" and called them Du Weiniang, because Ruyun was named Du and Sai Yue was named Wei. Liu got drunk during the dinner, and Du Linger helped the prostitutes to rest in the Liu Qu Pavilion, so that they could live and wait on them. Liu was in a deep sleep, and the second prostitute waited for her until dawn, when Liu woke up, and all the things during the dinner had been forgotten. The second prostitute told Liu about her poems, and Liu wrote another poem for them to reply to Du Sikong, and then went to Beijing.
* * Life, especially their love, is one of the important themes of ancient novels and operas. As women, they are more oppressed than ordinary women; As human beings, they also have special emotional yearning and pursuit. Writing amorous feelings describes the life of * * * in these two aspects.
The author sympathizes with * *, who is at the mercy of others. When portraying the characters, he attaches great importance to Ruyun and Saiyue. They not only meet customers in brothels, but also have to go on official business, no matter how they "support thin rocks and rocks", so they sigh as a cloud that "fireworks can't be separated, but it's just something in the wind", and if their fate is sad, they can't be independent, just like catkins in the air, drifting with the wind. Their fate is dominated by the madam, the prostitute and the government, with the emphasis on the government in the play. As a cloud, the clients are compared to crazy bees and butterflies, while the officials are compared to eagles and suckling tigers. They are even more cruel. As soon as the sophisticated madam heard that she was cursing the government like a cloud, she was so scared that she quickly stopped: "Don't let the police hear it quickly, because Du's father is terrible." It's just talking about the color change of a tiger. Sure enough, when they arrived at the government, Du Sikong knelt down because they were late, just like treating prisoners. At the banquet, first, they were asked to "serve wine well", and then they were asked to kneel to persuade them to drink. Liu Yuxi named them Du Weiniang, and Du Sikong changed the word "Niang" to "Hey", Pang, and read mang (blind)-dog also. Liu Yuxi asked him what it meant to change his name. He quoted a sentence from The Book of Songs: "The Book of Songs says,' You can bark even if you don't make Pang'. Today, this cheap prostitute has to sing before Zhu Zi, even if a dog barks at a noble person." In Du's eyes, Geisha are just animals, and they are no longer qualified as writers. Although they are under heavy oppression and at the bottom of society, they have to yield to power, but they also want to maintain their dignity as human beings and hope to get love. When the madam talked about Du Sikong's prowess, Ruyun replied, "If he scares the ducks, I will catch the moon and ride the fish" and "make him Bai Biyu", ready to fight to the death and expose their evil deeds. They are not willing to be humiliated by "all * * *", but they can't get rid of this fireworks livelihood, but they still want to find a normal home. So after hearing about Liu Yuxi's character, they thought of pinning their lives on it: "I heard that he is curling and playing the flute, but I am afraid that he loves Dong Shi rather than Xi Shi. If he has Ruan Infantry's eye for others and Wei Shubao's face for others, I will follow him closely. " This is the song "Music in the World" sung by a cloud, and "Curling in the Autumn Moon" is a metaphor for good character and beautiful appearance. "Blow" refers to Shaw History, who is good at blowing, and Qin Mugong married his daughter to him; "Title column", with Han Tian Feng, Tian Feng is Shang Shulang, and the appearance is correct. The spirit emperor said for the title column: "Open and open, Jing Zhao Tian Lang." Tang Qian Qi's poem "Snow Eyes and Early Morning with Members Wang" said: "The title column is famous and a swan song. Who will succeed Han Tianlang?" As a cloud, Liu Yuxi's lyrics mean that he can be compared with Shaw History and his appearance can be compared with Tian Feng. The last three sentences are connected with three things. Ruan Infantry is a Ruan Ji. He is good at being blue-eyed, looks at ordinary people with white eyes, and looks at people he likes. Wei Shubao was Wei Jie of the Jin Dynasty. He had a beautiful charm and was known as a jade man. Hong Fu, the prostitute of Sui Sikong Yang Su, had a good eye for heroes. As soon as she saw Li Jing, who was still in cloth, she decided that he was a hero, so she took the initiative to elope with him, and later she followed Li Jing in the east and west. These three sentences mean that if Liu Yuxi is outstanding, beautiful in appearance and respects herself, she will be like a red stroke. Therefore, the banquet was like a cloud, and Saiyue carefully served Liu Feng wine. They each sang a [Cinnamomum cassia twig]:
(Dan) The pomegranate garden was first released, the lotus pond was trendy, the fluorescent light was wandering around, and the toad shadow was grinding to the screen window. Fortunately, the green emperor is willing to pity, so the red makeup is opposite, and I am happy and willing to work for the husband and wife. Take a closer look at your black gauze, and call me "a palace-like makeup with a high bun".
(posted) The clothes are crimson and melancholy, and it seems like such a refined family style that it is ashamed to kill that rude atmosphere. Fortunately, three students are predestined friends, and they are lucky to have a close relationship, and their hearts are floating, and they are willing to work for Yuanyang. Don't worry about him looking through the eyes of the king of Chu Xie Xiang, and continue this "breaking the Jiangnan secretariat."
These two [Cinnamomum cassia twig] describe their relaxed and happy feelings in front of their loved ones during the full moon season. In contrast, Liu Yuxi's demeanor is even more natural and unrestrained, which makes them move, so he reveals his heart to Liu, a "willing husband and wife" and a "willing mandarin duck". Although they have been ravaged for a long time, their instinct to pursue happiness has not disappeared. Ruyun and Saiyue wait on Liu Zuimean's long lyrics, which are the author's key words. They repeatedly sang [Zi Zi Jin] and [Qingjiang Yin] from the first watch to the fifth watch, and Ruyun sang [Zi Zi Jin] to seize the different scenes of every watch, setting off the sadness of the mood with the stillness and cold of the night. This is because Liu was too drunk to wake up and failed their affection. The song "Qing Jiang Yin" sung by Sai Yue directly expresses his dissatisfaction with Liu's love and his failure to live up to their love for Liu's drunkenness. Let's take a few songs as an example:
[word for word] (Dan) When the drum beats at two o'clock upstairs, the smell of the precious duck fades away. When the fragrance fades, listen to the crows and coax the willows. Shine the light, jade, and sleep well.
[Qingjiang Yinyin] (Post) Drunk and drunk, a jade person, sleeps well. It's a pity that it looks like a flower, and the king wants it in his dream, and the goddess laughs at the bedside. I don't think I paid early in the middle of the night.
[word gold] write people by setting off the environment. The louder the sound, the incense in the furnace will be exhausted. At this moment, the birds start up and croak at the willow tips. The night is so quiet that it sounds like a commotion, which makes people more bored. At the fourth watch, as a cloud sings, "The cool moon invades the door and the night is lonely, and the night is lonely, and it is cold and cold." It also describes the sadness of the characters' mood with a bleak environment. This song is also reminiscent of Li Bai's poem "Yang Rebel": "Your song" Yang Rebel ",my concubine advised the new half wine. What is the most relevant person? White willow in Wuti. Wu ti yin yang Hua, jun drunk to stay at my house. In the Boshan furnace, the agarwood is on fire, and the smoke is Ling Zixia. " Persuade wine, stay drunk, crow and willow, agarwood and light smoke are all equally good, but the atmosphere is different, one is dull and the other is cheerful. It's a pity that when Wu Ti was supposed to be a lover's party, the sweetheart they faced was "sleeping in prison". Song Yu's "Goddess Fu" was used in the song "Introduction to Qingjiang" sung by Sai Yue: "King Xiang of Chu and Song Yu swam in the pool of clouds and dreams, making Yu Fu high in the Tang Dynasty. Its night king sleeps, and the fruit dream meets the goddess. " Liu Yuxi was originally interested in two prostitutes, but he ignored them because he was too drunk to wake up, so Saiyue had a sigh of "it's a pity to be as beautiful as a flower". She compared the king of Chu Xiang to Liu Yuxi and compared herself to the goddess, hoping to meet, but it backfired. King Xiang of Chu still knew how to pray for the goddess in his dream, but Liu Yuxi put the "goddess" aside, and even this romantic dream would not exist in his drunken sleep. Therefore, Sai Yue's "bedside smile" is actually a wry smile, a sneer, and a dissatisfaction with Liu Yuxi's snubbing and disappointing them. Sai Yue's dissatisfaction is even more obvious when she sang "There is no benefit at all, and Yuan Long is proud" in the third night. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Liu Xiahui, who was calm, unbuttoned her clothes at the gate, wrapped a woman in her arms and sat in her arms all night to protect her from the cold. When Yuan Long was in the Three Kingdoms, Chen Deng looked down on Xu Yi who begged for land and asked for shelter. "Since he went to the big bed, the guest got out of bed.". Sai Yue borrowed two people to blame Liu Xi for his arrogance and lack of warmth. In the play, they wrote that they waited until dawn until Liu Yuxi woke up. Then, Liu Yuxi sent them back and left for Beijing himself. The author doesn't even write about "one-night couples" love, which is unconventional in this regard. At the same time, the script focuses on writing like a cloud, and Sai Yue's feelings of falling in love with Liu Liyuxi are very real and natural, because it is linked with their feeling that Liu Yuxi respects their personality. Here reminds us of the famous Ming Dynasty's story book "The Oil Salesman monopolizes the flower heads". It says that Qin, the oil salesman, values the love, pity and consideration of heptachord, and also shows his respect for her personality, so he won her love. * * * Children live in the desert of feelings, and a sip of water has become a precious nectar. On weekdays, no one gives them love that respects their personality, and some just scold, insult and trample. Under all kinds of oppression, they long for people's respect for her, which is more valuable than getting gold. In "Writing Style", Ruyun and Sai Yue regard Liu Yuxi as a "jade person", and its root is also here.
In the play, Liu Yuxi appears as a romantic genius, who is more important than Du Sikong because of his extensive study and poetry, and is also admired and respected by prostitutes. He can respect people, unlike Du Sikong, even if he doesn't discriminate against * * *, he is full of human feelings. When Du Sikong was like a cloud, Sai Yue knelt down to make a toast, he thought, "How can I be a brick when I am thin? My knees are tender and difficult to soup, and I feel sorry for my soft heart" ([earning evil spirits]), and I can't bear to see their flesh and blood suffer. When they asked to leave poems, he immediately promised to let them get up. When the word "Niang" and "Pang" were disputed, Liu Yuxi said: "In the old gentleman, it is regarded as a dog, but in the young man, it is regarded as a rarity." This is not only pure pity, but also respect for Ruyun and Saiyue's personality, affirmation and praise for them. It should be noted that Du Sikong only compares him to a "contemporary phoenix". In the attitude towards prostitutes, the author consciously compares Liu and Du to highlight Liu Yuxi's character.
"Writing Style" organizes the plot around the poem "Gao Ji Yun Huan", and takes the relevant materials of Yunxi Youyi and other books as the skeleton. The lyrics are good, and there are too many allusions. Lu Tiancheng's Qupin lists Xu Chao's works as Chinese, saying that he "organizes his work to the best of his ability" and belongs to the "clanker" in Ci poetry, which is too high.