Author: Du Fu
where is the temple of the famous Premier, in a deep pine grove near the City of Silk.
with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves.
the third summons weighted him with affairs of state, and to two generations he gave his true heart.
but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since.
Shu Xiang (1)
where is the temple of the famous Premier (2)? In a deep pine grove near the City of Silk (3).
with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves (4).
the third summons weighted him with affairs of state [5], and to two generations he gave his true heart [6].
but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since once. [2]
Annotation translation editor
Words and phrases annotation
(1) Shu Xiang: Prime Minister of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms, referring to Zhuge Liang (Kong Ming). There is a note under the poem: Zhuge Liang Temple is in the west of Zhaolie Temple.
(2) Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple: namely Zhuge Wuhou Temple, which was first built in Wuhou District, Chengdu.
(3) Jinguancheng: another name for Chengdu. Cypress (bǐ i) Sensen: The cypress trees are lush and dense.
(4) with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, the oriole in the alternate leaves sounds good (h m 4 o): these two sentences describe the scenery in the temple. Du Fu highly valued Zhuge Liang. He didn't come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery, but the word "self" and "emptiness" was affectionate. It means that the green grass reflects the order, but it is spring scenery; The oriole is separated from the leaves, but it is just empty to make a good sound. He has no intention of enjoying and listening. Because the people he admires are no longer visible. Empty: white.
(5) the third summons weighted him with affairs of state: It means that Liu Bei paid attention to Zhuge Liang in order to unify the world. This is a compliment to the genius foresight shown in the countermeasures. Frequent annoyance is still "frequent", many times.
[6] The two dynasties started economic development: Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to start the imperial industry, and later assisted Liu Chan. Dynasties: Liu Bei, Liu Chan and his son. Open: create. Economy: help.
(7) but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since (j Ρ n): He died before he got the final victory, which often made the heroes of later generations burst into tears. It means that Zhuge Liang went out to attack Wei many times and failed to win. He died in Wuzhangyuan (now southeast of Qishan, Shaanxi Province) in 234, the twelfth year of Jianxing in Shu. Departure: Departure: Send troops. This sentence "New College Chinese" (Jinan University Press, 21 edition) is "and heroes have wept on their coats ever since will die before his ambition is rewarded". [3] [4-5]
Vernacular translation
Where can I find the ancestral hall of Shu Xiang Kong Ming? The pines and cypresses are green outside Chengdu.
the green grass reflects the courtyard, and the sky is full of spring scenery; Yellow through the dense leaves, in vain to send euphemistic singing.
Liu Bei, the first emperor, visited the cottage three times, which led to the countermeasures of Longzhong and the great plan of the world; Zhuge Lao Chen created and defended the two dynasties, and finally devoted himself to his death.
Mr. Zhuge, a famous man of a generation, died before his ambition was rewarded. Throughout the ages, heroes have shared the same sorrow, remembering here, and tears stained their skirts. [6]
Poetry Metric Editor
This is a seven-character metrical poem, and its metrical style belongs to the beginning of the first sentence. The rhyme foot is: looking for the heart of the sen sound, and betting on the rhyme of "twelve invasions of the lower level" (level rhyme).
where is the temple of the famous Premier? In a deep pine grove near the City of Silk.
with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves.
the third summons weighted him with affairs of state, and to two generations he gave his true heart.
but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since.
Creation background editor
According to Qiu Zhaoao's note, the poem Shu Xiang was written in the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (76) in Tang Suzong and when Du Fu first arrived in Chengdu. In December of the second year of Tang Suzong Ganyuan (759), Du Fu ended his four-year exile in Qin Zhou and Tonggu (now Chengxian County, Gansu Province), and went to Chengdu, where he settled by the Huanhuaxi River with the support of his friends. Chengdu was the capital of Shu and Han dynasties, and there is Zhuge Liang Temple in the northwest of the city, which is called Wuhou Temple. In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (76), he visited the Wuhou Temple in Zhuge and wrote this touching poem.
In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu Han Dynasty (221), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, and appointed Zhuge Liang as prime minister. Shu Xiang means the prime minister of Shu Han, and the poem titled Shu Xiang was written about Zhuge Liang. Although Du Fu cherished the political ideal of "to be a gentleman, Yao and Shun", his political career was bumpy and his ambition could not be displayed. When he wrote the poem Shu Xiang, the Anshi rebellion had not subsided. He witnessed the country's dangerous situation and the loss of life, and he volunteered to serve the country without a way. Therefore, he admired and respected Zhuge Liang for creating a foundation and saving the current situation. [6]
Appreciation editor
Overall appreciation
This seven-melody Shu Xiang
Zhuge Liang's portrait
expresses the poet's reverence for Zhuge Liang's intelligence and morality and his feelings of unsuccessful achievements. Combining emotion, scenery and discussion in one furnace, it not only comments on history, but also contains reality, which is called a swan song in the poems praising Zhuge Liang in previous dynasties.
in classical poetry, questions and answers are often used to start sentences, highlighting the ups and downs of feelings. So is the first couplet of this poem. "where is the temple of the famous Premier? In a deep pine grove near the City of Silk. " A question and answer, from the beginning, formed a strong emotional atmosphere, covering the whole article. The last sentence "Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple" is to the point, with a cordial and reverent meaning. "Where to find", ask without doubt, strengthen the language potential, not where to find. Zhuge Liang is loved by the people in history, especially in Chengdu, Sichuan, where temples dedicated to him are easy to find. The beauty of the word "Xun" lies in its portrayal of the poet's persistent feelings of pursuing the sages and his long thoughts of pious creation. The next sentence, "in a deep pine grove near the City of Silk", points out that the poet paid tribute to Wuhou Temple on the outskirts of Chengdu. The cypress trees here are shaded, tall and dense, showing a quiet and solemn atmosphere. Cypress has a long life, never withers all the year round, is tall, straight and symbolic, and is often used as an ornamental tree in temples. Grasping this scene of Wuhou Temple, the author shows the majestic, lush, vigorous and simple image characteristics of cypress, which reminds people of Zhuge Liang's spirit and can't help but be in awe. Next, what is displayed in front of the readers is the wormwood spring grass, which spreads under the stone steps and reflects a piece of green; A few Oriole, walking between the leaves of the forest, gave a clear cry.
The scenery depicted in the second couplet "with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves" is bright in color, clear in rhyme, quiet and natural, showing the scene of spring in Wuhou Temple infinitely beautifully. However, the spring of nature has come, but the hope of rejuvenating the motherland is very slim. Thought of here, the poet inevitably has a feeling of sadness, so it is said to be "spring scenery" and "empty and good sound" The intertextuality of "self" and "emptiness" depicts a kind of static and static environment. The poet infiltrated his subjective feelings into the objective scenery, making business in the scenery and conveying his inner sadness from the description of the scenery, reflecting the patriotic spirit of the poet who cares about the country and the people. Through the refraction of this patriotic thought, the image of Zhuge Liang in the poet's eyes is even more glorious.
"the third summons weighted him with affairs of state, and to two generations he gave his true heart." The third part is full of colors and highly summarizes Zhuge Liang's life. Before the last sentence was written, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage and Zhuge Liang took countermeasures, pointing out that Zhuge Liang could have foreseen the political situation in Wei Shuwu at that time, and formulated a set of policies for Liu Bei to unify the country, which showed that Liu Bei was a great talent in helping the world. After the next sentence was written about the mountain, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to create Shu Han and help Liu Chan, praising his devotion to his country. Two sentences and fourteen words brought people to the war-torn Three Kingdoms era, and in a broad historical background, they portrayed the image of a sage who was loyal to the monarch and patriotic, and helped the world and helped the crisis. Nostalgia for today. At this time, the Anshi Rebellion has not yet been settled, the country has fallen apart, and the people have been displaced, which makes the poet worried. He is eager to have loyal ministers and sages to help the country, rectify Gankun and restore the peaceful reunification of the country. It is this concern for the country that condenses into the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang; In this historical figure, the poet pinned his beautiful vision for the destiny of the country.
The last couplet of the poem, "but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since", laments the historical misfortune of Zhuge Liang's failure in the army when he died of illness. The tragic ending of Zhuge Liang's ambition to die is undoubtedly a hymn of life. He practiced the oath of "doing his best and dying" with his actions, which further sublimated the spiritual realm of this ancient outstanding politician and produced the power to make people work hard.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay tribute to the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, and reveal the poet's concern for the country and the people from the description of the scenery. The last four sentences extol the prime minister's talent, remember the sages from historical recollection, and contain many expectations and longings for the fate of the motherland. The whole poem has profound implications and profound sustenance, resulting in a deep and sad artistic conception. In a word, this seven-law discourse is very simple, but it has a large capacity and a high degree of generalization. In just 56 words, it tells the whole life of Zhuge Liang and shows Zhuge Liang, who is immortal, to readers. When patriots and ordinary readers of future generations recite this poem, their reverence for Zhuge Liang arises spontaneously. Especially when I read the sentence "but before he could conquer, he was dead, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since", I couldn't help crying.
In terms of artistic expression, questions are answered by oneself, facts are written in vain, scenes are mixed, narration and discussion are combined, the structure is integrated, the levels are turbulent, and there is a language charm of refining words and cutting sentences and harmonious tone, which makes people sing and sigh, and the aftertaste is endless. Du Fu's poems are called "gloomy and frustrated", and Shu Xiang is a typical representative. [8-9]
Comments by famous experts
Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Conghua: Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Yue: The poem titled "Two Temple Poems" by an old man in the Mid-levels says, "The north wind blows trees urgently, and the window in the west sunshine is cool." Detailed taste, its meaning is far-reaching, not just chanting the scenery in the temple ... This won the syntax of Lao Du. For example, Lao Du wrote a poem about Shuxiang Temple: "with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves." I also don't care about it.
Ying Kui Lv Sui: Zi Mei lives in Jiannan, but she never forgets her fists in Wuhou. His "Ode to the Monument" was written in Wuhou Cloud: "he was brother of men like Yi and Lu, and in time would have surpassed the greatest of all statesmen." And this poem, all good praise kongming.
A Collection of Tang Poems: Liu Yun: The whole poem is so full of tears. There is another cloud: this language has been left behind for thousands of years, which makes people feel hurt.
"Tang Poetry Aid": When I started to talk about Xiao San's sadness, I could cry.
A General Comment on the Forest in the Tang Poetry Selection Meeting: Wang Anshi said: The third and fourth stop chanting Wuhou Temple, and the meaning lies in it. Dong Yi said: The second couplet only uses the word "self" and "empty", which means infinite feelings. Wu Shanmin said: The second sentence is Ji Di. In the third and fourth dynasties, the shrine was neglected, and the "world plan" saw its greatness and the "old minister's heart" saw its difficulties. The conclusion teases the discussion of Song people.
"Du Yi": This is in line with the poem "The Famous Names of Zhuge" ... It is not only for Zhuge's grief, but also for those heroes who have talents but have no life throughout the ages, all of which are included here, with endless words and endless meanings.
The Seven Laws of the Tang Dynasty: sad and generous, showing deep affection for the past, drenching the pure in the ink. Hu Yuanrui said that the conclusion sentence originated from the Song people, and he ignored it.
Du Shi Jie: Three or four, the green grass is in spring, the oriole has a good voice, and the word "zi" and "empty" is very sad. ..... The words "not" and "first" in the seventh sentence are wonderful, but they seem to be those who have been restored and the old minister has not seen them, and they speak for themselves. There were unfinished business on that day, and today there is an unfinished plan and unfinished heart.
The second half of the four sentences in "Picking Money from Tang Poems" is about expressing feelings from beginning to end, and the brushwork is simple and vigorous. Song people specialize in this kind of thing, but it is a pity for the public.
Tang Poetry Express: Whoo! The poem is so touching that I believe that the sage's words of "Xing, Guan, Qun and Complain" are correct.
"Nine Collected Notes on Du Fu's Poems": Zhao Yancai said: The mourning is deep. Guo Zhidayun: Min Qizhi is not satisfied.
The Interpretation of Deleted Tang Poems: Sentence Starting Rate.
A Review of Ying Kui's Rhythm and Essence: Ji Yun: The first four sentences are sloppy, and the last four sentences suddenly become gloomy, with great courage. Zhao Xi: Shen Yu and Bo Da.
detailed notes on du fu's poems: "the plan of the world", see Kuang Shixiong's brief: "the heart of an old minister", and see the difficulties of serving the country. Only when these two sentences are solemn and solemn, painful and sad, can there be spirit. Song Zongjian recited these two words when he died, and thousands of heroes felt the same way.
"Tang Poems and Pearls": The word "Sensen" has spirit.
Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties: When Lao Du came to Shu, he paid tribute to Kong Mingsan, and his ambition was there. Poetic heroic mourning, with countless folds, later this, but Li Shangyin's "Preparing for the Post" ear. The world has different opinions on these two poems, but there is no definite opinion on them. In a word, this is the work of paying homage to the shrine. The first half of it is very light, and the identity of Kongming was written in May and June, and it turned down in July and August. At that time, the later generations, with sadness, were interested in the second half. Li Shi's poems are full of excitement, so he put the spirit of Kong Mingwei into fourteen words, which is very satisfying. When he took the pen, he swept away the arrogance, and folded the pen on the fifth and sixth floors, but he still recovered his skill at the end, unless he had divine power. Second, the theory that the poems are different in array, that they are enemies with great strength, and that they have long ears to eat is not enough to discuss.
"Tang Poetry": It covers the life of the marquis of Wu, and it is very exciting. (under the sentence "three cares and frequent troubles"). "opening up the economy" is a statement of opening up the foundation and benefiting the United States, which is in line with the words of the two dynasties.
Du Shi Jing Quan: Shao Zi Xiangyun: Strong and vigorous, which is the authentic seven laws. From the beginning to the end, the thoughts of my life's achievements are covered in only four words (under the four sentences of "three cares and frequent troubles"). Yu Xi Yue Yun: If you are really excited, eight poems will be worth a unique Daimonji.
Eighteen Poetic Banknotes: Zhang Yun: The last four sentences are extremely open, sudden and gloomy, so it is necessary to read them in one breath, which makes their meaning clear.
Notes on Tang Poems in Master Wang Garden: Only the word "where" is written, and the temple is deserted. "Looking after three things" to the end, I am full of ambition.
"Poetry in Past Dynasties": the first four sentences hurt the invisibility of people, while the last four sentences lament the failure of their achievements, which is the deepest concern.
"Zhao Wei Zhan Yan": This is also a tribute to historical sites. The first sentence narrates the topic, three or four describes the scenery, and the second half discusses the relationship. Everyone has the same thing, but there is no one who is outstanding and outstanding, and the pain is really painful.
"Reading Du Xin Jie": five, six, the actual sentence, the syntax is like Kim Joo-sung, which is appropriate to Wuhou, and it is also like melting gold ... Later, Wuhou Temple poetry, many famous works, but it is necessary to enumerate one thing as a sentence. At first, I believed that this poem was a complete poem, and the author was empty.
Wen Hexuan's Reading Book of the Early Tang Dynasty: Chen Degong said: Five or six are stable, but the knot is also spilled. Comments: The third and fourth writing about the search for ancestral temples, with only two words of "self" and "emptiness" in mind, has been sad, and the solemn and deep image is different from that of the desolate and scattered.
A Reader of Commentary on Poems of Past Dynasties: tragic and heroic, which is the authentic seven laws.
A Collection of Poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties: Wu Yue said: It's right to be strict and dignified. However, it has its own opening and closing, and it can't be straight (under the four sentences of "Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple"). Wu yue: turn the meal into a collection and lift it with a pen. Therefore, it is unusually powerful.
Later generations influenced the editor
There are two sentences at the end of this poem, which expresses the same feeling of frustrated heroes throughout the ages. Wang Shuwen, the leader of Yongzhen Innovation in Tang Dynasty, and Zong Ze, a national hero who resisted gold in Song Dynasty, all recited these two words angrily when their careers failed, indicating that the tragic beauty cast by the ideological content and artistic skills of this poem can be called enduring. [3]
Yu Meiren Li Yu
When is the spring flower and the autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country was unbearable to look back at the moon and the Ming Dynasty.
Carved jade should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed it. How much sorrow can you have? It is just a river flowing eastward.
appreciation
this word was written in the third year after Li Yu returned to Song Dynasty. The undisguised thoughts of the old country are revealed in the ci, which is said to be one of the reasons that prompted Song Taizong to order the poisoning of Li Yu. Then, it is equivalent to Li Yu's desperate words.
ask the whole word to answer the question; From asking questions about heaven and people to asking yourself, through the intense tone in sadness and the artistic structure that twists and turns freely, the author's melancholy thoughts run through and form a refreshing aesthetic effect.
It's true that Li Yu's homesickness may not be worthy of sympathy. His nostalgia for the past can't be separated from the imperial life and the secret affairs of the imperial palace. However, this famous work is really unique in art:
"Spring Flowers"