What was the social concept of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty?

In the first year of Stegosaurus (960), Zhao Kuangyin, the military commander of the later Zhou Dynasty, launched? Chen Qiao mutiny? Seize the world of the later Zhou Dynasty by force and establish the Song Dynasty, which is known in history? Northern Song Dynasty? . After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the rulers tried their best to prevent military commanders from seizing power. Chongwen suppresses martial arts? General plan of governing the country. According to Mao's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian Long Edition", what do you advocate? The prime minister must use scholars? Its taste:? During the Five Dynasties, the house was really abused and the people suffered greatly. Today, there are more than 100 officials who choose Confucianism and ministers. Divide and rule. They are greedy and muddy, not as good as Chen Wu. ? Therefore, we began to reduce the power of military commanders and enhance the role and status of civil servants in the country.

Emperor Taizong and Zhao Guangyi advocated Confucianism, which further expanded the number of scholars in the imperial examination, and scholars flocked to them.

Injong dynasty, literati administration reached its peak. At that time, Cai Xiang's Duanming Collection said: In this world, people are employed by words: ministers and scribes; A servant's minister, a scribe; Teacher Qian Gu, the scholar also; Border guards, scribes also; The world is changing, so are the scribes; In Zhizhou County, literati gradually formed a political form with literati as the main body in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was called "scholar-bureaucrat". Scholar-bureaucrat politics

So, what is the social concept of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty?

Because the scholar-officials in the Northern Song Dynasty were basically from Confucianism, one of their most fundamental characteristics was to inherit the tradition? Socializing? Ideas. And China's traditional social concept is? Humble opinion? . Zhuangzi in his book Zhuangzi? Yamaki said this sentence:? It is said that the friendship between sages is as plain as water, but not vain. ? Book of rites? There is a cloud in the table:? Gentlemen have connections like water, while villains have connections like water; Gentleman's weakness leads to success, while villain's sweetness leads to bad. ? Book of rites? Mean:? The way of a gentleman is light and tireless. ? It can be seen that China's early social life was relatively indifferent. This view of society continued until the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Tang Shiyun:? Do you want to be good, but don't want to make friends? 、? To Bai Nie, to your best friend? 、? At first, I believed that it was appropriate to be friends for a long time and grow old with you. 、? Lonely, forgetting opportunities, loving friendship? Wait, is it all admiration? Reluctantly? Social concept.

This kind? Reluctantly? This concept did not appear out of thin air, but was limited by the self-sufficient natural economy at that time, which formed a traditional way of communication and gradually developed into a social psychology, born out of China's traditional indifference concept.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, although it experienced the Five Dynasties Rebellion, as an important part of traditional culture, traditional lifestyles and social concepts were still passed down.

We can see a thing or two from the articles of some literati at that time. What's the cloud in Fan Zhongyan's Light Friends as Water Fu? It is best for a gentleman to seek friends and be calm? When writing an epitaph for the king, he also called his friendship with the king? A morally indifferent person? .

Wang Anshi wrote a eulogy for Li Fugui. If you don't pay, you will gain, and you will be jealous. ? Faithful friendship, such as light, honesty and selflessness. ?

Xia Zheng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: My shoulders are covered with sweat, and the banquet in the morning and evening never stops. Although the cups and plates are messy, I am ashamed of being tired. It's still a long time to get used to it, but you don't need to seek it. He used it? Breakfast? Fatigue of servants and horses? Politely declined invitations to banquets of various dignitaries, indicating that they don't like to flatter each other, don't like to make friends with wine and meat, but appreciate the mentality of belittling friends.

Many other scholars also have poems to express their views on friendship, such as? Look down on snobbery and stay away from loneliness? 、? On knowing honesty, valuing indifference and seeing sincerity? 、? The ancients talked about friendship, and the gentleman kept the festival? 、? Morality makes a gentleman, snobbery makes a villain. There is no reason why you are willing to pay for it. 、? Better to be poor than to win. 、? Today's official rumors miss the past, but friendship tastes like new? 、? Friendship has been indifferent for a long time, and officials have become more and more entangled. Basically, it is regarded as a friendship between gentlemen, and contempt for snobbery, morality, intimacy and blasphemy is regarded as the basic characteristics of friendship.

In fact, the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty highly praised this? Humble opinion? The main purpose is to establish a lasting friendship and stable friendship, and not to go to glory or decline. Wang Yucheng's Occasionally Working with Feng Zhongyun by the Fireside says:? I love the golden mean, quiet inside. Don't be a snob on earth. Once you are gone, you will die with honor. ? When the cypress trees in the pine forest are rotten, I promise you that your heart will not change. ?

On this basis, the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty constantly improved their social views, and on this basis, they constructed a set of systematic and unique social views.