1. Looking for a good paragraph in Water Margin, it should be about 5 paragraphs of about 50 words
Is each paragraph about 50 words?
1. After five or six days, Wang Jin's mother's condition improved. The king went into the back trough to pack up the horses. Passing by an empty field, he saw a young man who had taken off his arms, tattooed a green dragon on his body, and was using a stick. Wang Jin couldn't help but blurt out: "This stick is good-looking, but it can't win against a real hero." The young man was furious and shouted: "I passed eight or nine famous masters, do you dare to compete with me?" Taigong came over, He scolded the young man not to be rude to the guests. Wang Jin asked that Hou Sheng was the son of the Grand Duke. The Grand Duke also saw that Wang Jin was a master and asked his son to worship Wang Jin as his teacher. The young man threatened: "As long as he can defeat me, I will worship him as my teacher." The Taigong encouraged Wang Jin to teach this young man a lesson. Wang Jin was afraid of losing face, so he just smiled and didn't do anything. The younger generation thought that Wang Jin was afraid, so he made a stick like a windwheel and called him into battle. Wang Jin said, "Excuse me for being rude." He went to the weapon rack to get a stick and hit the young man on the head. The young man hurriedly raised his stick to fight, but Wang Jin stopped the stick halfway, drew it back and struck him in the chest. The young man was caught off guard. He fell down in the middle of the room, threw the stick, knelt down and said, "I have been through many masters in vain. It turned out that I didn't learn the real skills, so I have no choice but to worship you as my master."
2 , Ruda walked into the middle of the street early. Zheng Tu held a knife in his right hand and used his left hand to grab Lu Da by chopping his chest. Ruda grabbed his wrist and kicked him right in the lower abdomen, causing him to fall backwards. Luda took a step forward, stepped on his chest, shook his fist as big as a vinegar bowl, and cursed: "The Sa family has made countless military achievements, and you are not worthy of the title of controlling Guanxi. You are a butcher who sells meat, like a dog ***, you dare to call yourself Guanxi? Tell me how you deceived Jin Cuilian!" As he spoke, he punched him on the bridge of the nose, causing blood to flow out. Zheng Tu shouted: "Good fight!" Luda scolded: "How dare you be so stubborn!" He punched him again in the eye, knocking it out. Zheng Tu couldn't bear it anymore and begged for his life. Luda scolded him: "If you keep speaking harshly, Sajia will spare you. If you beg for mercy, Sajia will beat you to death!" He punched him in the temple again while scolding. Seeing that his face was getting pale, he could only breathe out but not in. Ruda thought: No, Sajia just wanted to teach him a lesson, but he didn't expect that he would be beaten to death without a beating, and he would also have to face a lawsuit. Then he said, "You good boy, don't pretend to be dead. The Sa family will settle the score with you later!"
3. The next day, the gangsters pooled some money together, bought ten bottles of wine, and brought a pig. Please be wise. Zhishen asked the gangsters to clean up and set up a table under a weeping poplar tree. While everyone was eating and drinking, they suddenly heard the crow of the old bird on the tree. Some of the rogues said: "The red mouth goes up to the sky, and the white tongue goes to the ground." Some went to find a ladder and wanted to go up the tree to demolish the old bird's nest. Zhishen said: "What are you causing trouble?" Zhang San said: "The crow of the old bird is afraid of bad luck." Zhishen took off his monk's clothes, came to the tree, shook the tree, leaned down, and hugged the tree with both hands. , with a fierce force, the tree was uprooted. All the gangsters prostrated themselves and said, "Master is really like an Arhat. How can he pull it up without the strength of ten thousand kilograms?" Zhishen said, "What does this mean? I'll see how Sa's family makes weapons tomorrow."
4. The two men took the order, each changed into black clothes, removed the gun heads, wrapped them in felt, dipped them in lime, got on their horses, and started to kill each other. After fighting for about fifty rounds, Zhou Jin looked like a sika deer with spots on his body. Yang Zhi only had a white spot under his left eyebrow. Liang Zhongshu wanted to remove Zhou Jin from his post and replace him with Yang Zhi. Li Cheng was dissatisfied and said: "Zhou Jin is unfamiliar with marksmanship and is skilled in bow and horse. Let him compete with Yang Zhi in arrows." Liang Zhongshu issued an order and asked the two to compete in arrows.
5. Returning to the village, Song Jiang invited a group of Taoist priests, led by Gongsun Sheng, to build the Xuhuang Altar to save the souls of Chao Gai and the fallen soldiers. Song Jiang and other leaders worshiped three times a day. At three o'clock on the seventh day, I suddenly heard a thunderous sound in the sky, and the Tianmen Gate in the northwest opened wide. A ball of fire flew out from it, like a dustpan, fell straight down, circled around the Xuhuang Altar, and penetrated into the ground due south. Song Jiang ordered people to dig and unearthed a stone tablet with tadpole characters engraved on it that no one could read. A Taoist priest surnamed He said that he knew the ancient text of Tadpole. After his identification, the names of thirty-six Tiangang stars including Song Jiang were engraved on the front of the stele, and the names of seventy-two earth evil stars were engraved on the back. Song Jiang asked Taoist He to read it and ordered Xiao Rang to copy it. Song Jiang took the chief seat, Lu Junyi was second, and the leaders took their positions one after another, and they had nothing to say. Since then, Liangshan has become more prosperous. 2. What is the original text of "Laoshan Taoist"
Laoshan Taoist There is a king in the city who lives in Qi, and he is the son of his family.
When I was young, I learned about Taoism. I heard that there were many immortals in Laoshan Mountain, so I went to visit them. Climbing to the top, you can watch the universe, which is very quiet.
A Taoist priest is sitting on a futon, with his plain hair hanging down and his collar down, and his spirit shining brightly. Knocking and talking, the reason is very mysterious.
Please learn from me. The Taoist priest said: "I am afraid that I will not be able to suffer because I am too lazy."
He replied: "I can do it." His disciples were very large, and they all gathered in the evening.
Wang Ju and Jidao stayed to watch. In the early morning, the Taoist priest called the king to go and gave him an ax, so that he could follow the crowd to collect wood.
Wang Jin was taught. After more than a month, my hands and feet became calloused, I couldn't bear the pain, and I had a desire to return home.
Returning one night, I saw the two of them having a drink with their teacher. It was already dusk and there were no lights. The teacher cuts paper like a mirror and sticks it to the wall.
For a few seconds, the moon shone brightly in the room, and the light shone brightly. People from all the sects were running around to listen.
A guest said: "A good night is better than a happy night, it cannot be different.
" Then he took a pot of wine from the table and divided it among the disciples, and ordered them to get drunk.
The king thought to himself: "How can we give the pot to all the seven or eight people? Everyone is looking for a full bowl, and they are competing to drink first. , I was afraid that the bottle would be empty, but I kept pouring it back and forth, and I was surprised.
A guest said: "I was given the moonlight to shine, so I drank quietly." Why not call Chang'e? " Then he threw the chopsticks into the moon.
He saw a beautiful woman emerging from the light. At first, she was not full of feet, but when she reached the ground, she was waiting for others.
She had a slender waist and beautiful neck, and she was graceful. "The dance of neon clothes". He sang: "The immortals are here, but they are still here, and they are secluded in the vast cold!" "The sound was clearer and clearer, as strong as a flute.
After the song, he circled up, jumped up and down, and when he looked around in surprise, he turned into a chopstick again. The three of them laughed.
Another guest said: "I am having the most fun tonight, but I can't bear the power of wine." Can you please stay with me in the moon palace? "The three people moved to the table and gradually entered the middle of the moon.
The three people were watching, sitting in the middle of the moon and drinking. They could see all the men and eyebrows, like shadows in the mirror. As they moved, the moon gradually darkened; the doorman came with a candle.
The Taoist priest sat there alone, with the moon hanging on the wall as round as a mirror.
The Taoist priest asked the crowd: "Have you had enough to drink?" Said: "That's enough." "It's better to go to bed early and don't miss out on woodcutting."
"All the people promised and retreated. Wang Pi was delighted and returned to the present day to rest.
Another month was miserable, but the Taoist priest did not teach a single skill. The heart could not hold on, The poem said: "My disciples have studied with immortal masters for hundreds of miles. Even if they can't obtain the magic of immortality, or they may have a small amount of teachings, they can still comfort their desire for advice. I have been reading for two or three months now, but I am still woodcutting early and returning in the evening."
The disciple is at home and is not familiar with this suffering. The Taoist laughed and said, "I said I couldn't suffer, and now it's true."
I will send you out tomorrow morning. "The king said: "The disciple has been practicing for many days, and the master has taught me some small skills. This is a worthy achievement. "
The Taoist priest asked: "What kind of magic do you want? The king said: "Every time I see my master, there are no walls that can separate me, but this method is enough." "The Taoist smiled and agreed.
Then he passed on the secret, ordered himself to finish the curse, and shouted: "Come in! The king faced the wall and did not dare to enter. He also said: "Try to enter." "
Wang Guo entered calmly, but was blocked by the wall. The Taoist said: "Enter suddenly while leaning down the road, don't hesitate! "Wang Guo walked a few steps towards the wall and ran in; when he reached the wall, it was as if there was nothing; when he looked back, he saw that the fruit was outside the wall.
Overjoyed, he thanked him. The Taoist said: "It is better to stay clean, otherwise No test. "
Then he helped him with an axe, and sent him home. When he got home, he boasted that he had met an immortal who could not be stopped by a strong wall.
His wife did not believe it. The king imitated his actions and ran to the wall a few feet away. When he entered, his head hit the hard wall and he suddenly stumbled forward.
His wife held him up and looked at him. His forehead looked like a giant egg.
Wang felt ashamed and scolded the old Taoist priest. It's just that he has no conscience. Yishi said: "There is no one who doesn't laugh when he hears this; there are many who don't know that he is a king in the world.
Nowadays, there is a father who likes the poison of fire and is afraid of medicine and stones. Therefore, there are people who lick and suck hemorrhoids and practice the art of Xuanwei and violence to meet his purpose. He said: "I practice this art." In the past, it was possible to run amok without hindrance. ’ After the first trial, the effect was not too small, so he said that the world is so big that it can be done like this, and the momentum will not hit the hard wall and stumble. ”
Translation: There is a Laoshan Mountain by the sea, and there lives an immortal. People call him Laoshan Taoist. It is said that Laoshan Taoist knows many magic spells that ordinary people cannot.
It is hundreds of miles away from Laoshan. In the county town outside Lilu, there was a man named Wang Qi. Wang Qi had been very envious of magic since he was a child. He heard that Taoist priests in Laoshan knew many magics, so he said goodbye to his family and went to Laoshan to find immortals.
Wang Qi. When he came to Laoshan, he met a Taoist priest. During the conversation, Wang Qi felt that the Taoist priest was very capable, so he begged to accept him as his disciple. The Taoist priest looked at him and said, "Looking at your pampering, I'm afraid you won't be able to endure hardship." "
Wang Qi repeatedly requested, so the Taoist priest agreed to accept him as his disciple. At night, Wang Qi looked at the moonlight outside the window, thinking that he was about to learn Taoism, and he felt indescribably happy.
Early the next morning, Wang Qi ran to his master, expecting that the master would start teaching Taoism. Unexpectedly, he gave him an ax and asked him to go up the mountain to chop wood with his brothers. I was very unhappy, but I had to obey the orders.
The mountain was full of thorns and rocks. Before the sun went down, Wang Qi had blood blisters on his hands and feet. A month passed in the blink of an eye. , Wang Qi gradually developed calluses on his hands and feet. He could no longer stand the fatigue of cutting wood and mowing grass all day long, so he couldn't help but want to go home.
In the evening, Wang Qi went back with his senior brothers. When I arrived at the Taoist temple, I saw the master and two guests chatting and drinking. It was already dark and the lights were not yet lit.
I saw the master picking up a piece of white paper, cutting it into a round mirror, and going to the Taoist temple. For a moment, the piece of paper shone like the moon, illuminating the whole room.
At this time, a guest said: "Such a wonderful night, such a joyful banquet. Everyone should have fun together. "The Taoist priest picked up a pot of wine and handed it to the disciples, asking them to drink as much as they wanted.
Wang Qi secretly thought to himself: There are so many of us, how can this small pot of wine be enough? Everyone was doubtful. He picked up the jug and poured wine into the bowl. It was strange that the jug was always full after pouring it back and forth.
Wang Qi was surprised.
After a while, another guest said to the Taoist priest: "Although the bright moon is shining high, it's not interesting to just drink. It would be nice if there was someone to dance with."
The Taoist priest smiled and picked up a chopstick and pointed it at After clicking on the white paper, he suddenly saw a one-foot-long woman walking out of the moonlight. As soon as she landed, she was as tall as an ordinary person, with a slender waist, white skin, her clothes and belt fluttering, and she started singing.
After the song ended, the woman rose into the air and jumped onto the table. When everyone was panicking, she had returned to a chopstick. Seeing all this, Wang Qi was stunned.
At this time, a guest said: "I'm so happy, but I have to go back." So the Taoist priest and the two guests moved the banquet into the moon.
As the moon gradually dimmed, the apprentices lit candles and saw the master sitting alone. The guests had disappeared and only the leftover wine and food were left on the table. Another month passed, and the master still didn't teach him any magic. Wang Qi couldn't stand it anymore, so he went to find the master.
When he saw his master, Wang Qi said: "Disciple has come a long way." 3. Original text and translation of the ancient poem "Meet the Heroes"
Author: Qian Qiyan, a sad singer from Zhao, meet Meng in the play Home.
I can’t say enough, but the road ahead will be sloping. Comments ⑴ Xia Zhe: A heroic and righteous person
⑵ Yan Zhao: In ancient times, Yan and Zhao came from two countries. He created many warriors, so later generations used the term "Yanzhao people" to refer to chivalrous people. ⑶Ju Meng: A famous chivalrous person from Luoyang in the Han Dynasty.
Du Fu has a poem: "Ju Meng's seven kingdoms are fearful, and Ma Qing's four talents are good", which refers to Ju Meng's martial arts. Here "Ju Meng" is used to refer to Luoyang. ⑷Cun Xin: Translation Zhao. There are many generous and tragic knights in Yan and Yan. Today we meet in Luoyang, the hometown of the knight Ju Meng.
I can’t tell you enough about the tragedy and injustice in my heart, but the sun is setting, so I have to break up again. Go. Appreciation This is a farewell poem written for meeting a hero on the road.
This poem has unique sentences and hidden meanings.
"Yan Zhao." The names "Yan and Zhao" of the vassal states in the Warring States Period are used in "Elegant Songs". In ancient times, these two vassal states among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period produced many warriors, so later generations used the name Yan and Zhao to refer to chivalrous people. Gao Shiyou Such a poem: "Flying clothes to go to Yan and Zhao, driving horses in despair" expresses sympathy and admiration for the tragic and heroic actions of the assassins of Yan and Zhao.
The most famous story of Jing Ke's assassination of the King of Qin should be a well-known story. , and Jing Ke was the assassin sent by the Prince of Zhao. "Ju Meng" himself was from Luoyang (today's east of Luoyang, Henan), and had a reputation as a hero.
"Ju Meng" is used here. Comes to refer to Luoyang. Chivalrous people generally refer to swordsmen.
Qian Qi himself is not a warrior, so he admires and respects the heroic spirit of his friends. ", to compare the chivalrous people they met; and "meeting the Meng family in the drama" means that the two of them met on the Luoyang Road.
Written in this way, it is very consistent with the identity of the chivalrous person. The next two sentences, It means that when they met, they had a heart-to-heart conversation, but the sun was about to set, so they reluctantly parted ways.
This not only expresses the author's injustice, but also expresses his admiration for the knight. At the beginning of this poem, he wrote the praise in his heart. His friend was praised by him as a heroic hero of Yan and Zhao, which shows Qian Qi's frankness.
This can be understood as a sign of literati's relationship with "not saying what he means". The difference between the warriors makes me want to stop talking, and I still have more to say. Finally, I write about the sunset. In fact, the poet is a little worried about his friends (because the sunset is generally not as warm and positive as the morning sun in literary works), and the future of the swordsman. There must be ups and downs.
Of course, it can also be understood this way: the poet and the knight who gathered for separation will eventually part ways, and the sun has set, as if urging them to leave, although they are reluctant to leave. There is no banquet in the world that never ends. This feeling is described as extremely precious.
Among Qian Qi’s friends were the famous poets Wang Wei and Pei Di. He was a talented scholar in Dali, so he must have known many of them. The knight here should be a friend who is unique and has a profound memory.
If Qian Qi himself was "speechless", then the sadness of this parting would be very strong. This is a gift work, but every word in the poem is full of emotion. This kind of editing is indeed a novelty, which is much more straightforward than ordinary people.
Gao Zhongwu said that Qian Qi's poetic style was "novel in structure and clear in reasoning". The characteristic of "reasoning for clarity and support" is actually reflected in "The road ahead will be sloping", which allows the poetic meaning to be relaxed and gives readers room to think. 4. The original text and translation of the ancient poem "Zeng Guofan's Family Letter to Yuan Di Jidi: Recommend Outstanding People at Any Time"
Author: "Employment Letters to Yuan Di Jidi: Recommend Outstanding People at Any Time" Original Text Yuan Di, Ji My brothers and sisters: In addition to assisting the minister, I also recommend Yiqing and Liu Nan. They are very good! Liu Nan is cautious and careful, I know it deeply, and his understanding is also extraordinary.
I told Xiao Fu that the way to observe people is to be ethical but not official, to be more organized and less talkative. He also asked him to ask Runshuai, Zuo, Guo and Yuan to recommend people. From now on, the two brothers will be like If you see something, you can recommend it at any time. Tell your brother or Xiaoquan one by one about the person's strengths and weaknesses, especially taking hard work as the foundation of doing things.
Citing a group of righteous people who can endure hard work will have great results over time.
Ji Di said that an outstanding person cannot be accomplished by his will. This is indeed not an easy thing to say. Regardless of whether one's fame or position is great or small, everything depends on one's fate and not on others. The tutors of fathers and brothers, or the trainers of generals, cannot be so eloquent.
Brother Ji is extremely talented, and he saw the truth very early, which is gratifying and cute! However, when dealing with minor matters in the camp and teaching Zhen Bian Yong, it is still appropriate to use the word "diligence" to make the decision, and it is not appropriate to use the word "order" to tell the crowd. Commander-in-Chief Run met Chen Zuo to clarify the doubts of the crowd, and he also sent a letter to the rest of the country.
Yesterday, according to the decree of June 24th, the governor of Liangjiang was actually awarded, and he was also awarded the imperial envoy minister. It is a blessing, so there is no need to state it clearly. What I'm worried about is that none of Su Chang, Huai, and Yang have a strong force to go. It's not a blessing to be in a high position, and they are afraid that Zhang Ben'er will be criticized for material things.
Yu Hao sweats a lot, Yuan Di also sweats a lot, so it seems that it is not appropriate to overwork. Notes on the eighth day of the seventh month of the tenth year of Xianfeng ① En Transcript (tén?) Fang Wo: refers to the emperor's classics being so generous and solemn.
Translation Yuan Di and Ji Di: In addition to Fu Qing, I also recommend Yi Qing and Liu Nan, which is very good! I understand Liu Nan's honesty and prudence very well. Yiqing also seems to be extraordinary.
I told Xiaofu that the main way to observe people is to have a clear sense of love and hate, to be principled without being official, and to be organized rather than arrogant. He also asked him to ask Runshuai, Zuo, Guo and Yuan brothers to recommend people. If the two brothers find out anything in the future, they can recommend them at any time and tell their brothers or Xiaoquan all the strengths and weaknesses of the recommended people, especially Xiaoquan. Be accustomed to hard work as the basis for doing things.
Introduce a group of gentlemen who can endure hardships and stand hard work, and you will naturally see great results over time. Ji Di said that outstanding people can never be made with intention. This is the truth and cannot be changed.
The size of one's fame is determined by heaven but not by man. It is just that fathers and brothers educate the family, and generals educate soldiers. This cannot be said. Ji Di is very talented and realized the Tao very early, which is gratifying and cute! However, when handling small matters in the military camp and teaching soldiers, the main focus is still on persuasion, and it is not appropriate to lecture everyone in a commanding tone.
Runshuai made several reports to clear up everyone’s doubts, and some letters came to me. Yesterday I received the decree of June 24th, conferring the title of Governor of Liangjiang and Imperial Envoy. The Emperor's grace is so grand and trusted, so there is no need to state it.
The areas of concern are Su, Chang, Huai, Yang and other places. There was no strong force to go.
Having a high status is not a blessing. I am afraid it will become a topic of discussion in vain. I like to sweat, and my brother also likes to sweat, so it seems inappropriate for me to overwork myself.
The eighth day of the seventh month of the tenth year of Xianfeng. 5. The original text of "Water Margin" about Liangshan Juyi
In "Water Margin" all one hundred and eight generals went to Liangshan to gather together, it is written in a chapter of "The Shijie of Zhongyi Hall receives astronomy and the nightmare of the heroes in Liangshanpo" middle.
Song Gongming attacked Dongping once and Dongchang twice. He returned to the village and counted the leaders. He found that there were one hundred and eight members in the army, and he was very happy. After discussion, it was decided that April 15th would be the starting date for seven days and nights of good deeds. On that day, Gongsun Sheng and the forty-eight members of the Taoist congregation all held altars at the Zhongyi Hall, three times a day, and finished the ceremony on the seventh day. It was the third watch of the night, and I heard a sound in the sky, like a crack of silk, which was at the gate of Tianfang in the northwest. When everyone looked at it, they saw an upright golden plate with sharp ends and a wide middle. It was also called "Heaven's Gate Opened" or "Heaven's Eye Opened." The light inside shone into people's eyes, clouds swirled around it, and a piece of fire rolled out from the middle, like a castanopsis. The ball of fire rolled down the Xuhuang altar. At this time, the eyes of the sky were closed, and the Taoist priests came down from the altar. After digging out the soil and fire-seeking blocks, I found only a stone tablet with a depth of less than three feet. There were inscriptions on the front and sides of the stone tablet. When I took the stone tablet and looked at it, I saw that there were dragon seals, phoenix seals, and tadpole scripts on it. No one knew it. One of the Taoists, whose surname was He, was called Xuantong. He said to Song Jiang: "The ancestors of the small Taoists left a book, which can be used to discern heavenly books. There are tadpole characters written on them since ancient times, so poor people can identify them. Once the translation comes out, you will know the meaning. Taoist He looked at it and said for a long time: "These stones are all righteous people's names, engraved on them." On one side of the head are the four characters "Practice for Heaven" and on the other side are the four characters "Loyalty and Righteousness". There are two stars in the north and south on the top, but below is the title. On the front side of the stone tablet are written the thirty-six members of the Tiangang Star of Liangshan Bo, and on the back are the names of the seventy-two members of the Earthly Evil Star, totaling one hundred and eight generals. Song Jiang and the leaders said: "It turns out that the despicable little official came to answer Xingkui, and many brothers turned out to be members of the same group. God has shown his response, and we should gather together. Now that we have counted enough, we have decided on the order, and all the leaders will keep it. Everyone should stop arguing about their position, and it is irreversible." 6. "Practical Appendix
Author: Ancient Chinese is the language used by the ancient Han people.
Because spoken language cannot transcend the limitations of time and space, what we call ancient Chinese now refers to recorded written language, which is the language of ancient documents.
Ancient Chinese is a historical language, and the historical development of Chinese is generally divided into four periods: the first period, ancient Chinese: the Chinese language before the Qin and Han Dynasties, the second period, the middle Chinese period: the Chinese period from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the third period of modern Chinese: the Song Dynasty to the The fourth issue of the Republic of China, Modern Chinese: since the Republic of China (exactly since the May 4th Movement in 1919). As a historical language, ancient Chinese is relative to modern Chinese. Since modern Chinese refers to the language formed after the May 4th Movement in 1919, Ancient Chinese is a language that is common to the Han nationality and whose spoken and written languages ??are basically the same. Ancient Chinese should include the first to third periods of Chinese.
It is generally believed that there are two systems of written language in ancient Chinese: one is the written language of ancient Chinese based on pre-Qin spoken language, such as "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Spring and Autumn", The language used in "Laozi", "The Analects of Confucius", "Xunzi", etc., as well as the language used by later authors in imitating ancient documents, such as poems, poems and poems of the Han Dynasty, prose of the Tang and Song Dynasties, etc.; the other is the language that has gradually formed since the Tang and Song Dynasties The vocabulary and grammar of this language are close to modern Chinese. The former is called classical Chinese; the latter is called ancient vernacular.
The object of study and research in ancient Chinese courses in colleges and universities is classical Chinese and does not include ancient vernacular. This is determined by the characteristics of classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is a written language that is consistent with pre-Qin spoken language. Human spoken language develops and changes with the changes in social life and the development of people's thinking. Over hundreds, thousands or more years, spoken Chinese has undergone great changes in terms of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
However, in the long-term Ji Dynasty society, although the spoken language has changed, the written language has been imitating the language of pre-Qin documents used in Confucian classics. Defining this imitated language as the orthodox written language, in the political field and traditional education, whenever writing is written, the grammar and vocabulary of the pre-Qin literature language must still be maintained. This has formed a step in the history of Chinese culture and education. This is a very special phenomenon called disjointed language.
In this way, we can understand the two major characteristics of classical Chinese: First, it is separated from spoken language, so it has super-dialect properties. No matter which dialect area people come from, it is impossible to bring their own dialect vocabulary and dialect grammar into this classical Chinese; moreover, classical Chinese is a written language of Muji, and Chinese characters are not pinyin scripts, so the differences in dialects will not matter. Influenced people to use classical Chinese to communicate ideas.
Second, it is artificially antique and therefore transcends the times. If you want to use a historical language that is far away from contemporary life for a long time, you must strive to imitate it. Moreover, according to the criticism standards of ancient orthodox literature and essays, the more vividly you imitate it, the more it will be considered a language. High cultivation; in this way, although it is impossible for classical Chinese to add some new words that reflect the lives of later generations and produce some new sentence patterns that are slightly different from pre-Qin, the appearance of Qi has not changed much.
If you study the history of the development of classical Chinese, it is difficult to divide it into historical stages, and it is also difficult to explore its characteristics in different historical periods. These two characteristics determine the special status of classical Chinese in the language life of the past dynasties: from the perspective of the social function of oral communication, because it has lost its use value in daily life and has become rigid and divorced from reality, it is only It can be mastered by a few scholar-bureaucrats and intellectuals with orthodox education, but most ordinary people do not regard it as a tool for communicating ideas.
In this sense, classical Chinese is already a "dead language" in the broader field of oral communication. However, because classical Chinese is the written language used by upper culture and orthodox education, it has the characteristics of transcending the times and dialects.
Therefore, it has become the main tool for recording the splendid culture of the Chinese nation for more than two thousand years. Our country has a long history and rich cultural heritage. There are countless regulations, systems and historical materials recorded in classical Chinese, as well as literary works written in classical Chinese.
Nothing can best reflect the original appearance of classical Chinese than the works of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, followed by the imitation classical Chinese works after the Tang and Song Dynasties: Therefore, the study object of ancient Chinese should be mainly the works of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, as well as the works of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Later imitation of classical Chinese.