The fragrant catalpa tree leans against Diaoji, and the fresh stamens have not yet flown. It's better to be drunk when the wind blows away, but to endure the thinning rain when you wake up. The cormorants outside the door are not coming, and the sand heads suddenly see each other and guess each other. From now on, I have to know people's wishes, and I have to come a hundred times a day. Countless spring bamboo shoots are growing all over the forest, and the firewood gate blocks the pedestrians. You must go to the meeting to look at the bamboos, and you will never come out to greet the guests. ——Tang Dynasty·Du Fu's "Three Quatrains" Three Quatrains
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
The fragrant catalpa tree leans against Diaoji, and the new stamens have not yet flown.
It is better to be drunk and the wind blows away, but to endure the thinning rain when you wake up.
The cormorants outside the door are not coming or going, and the sand heads suddenly see each other and guess each other.
From now on, I know what people want and I have to come back a hundred times a day. Describe the scene, chant the object and express the emotion. Translation and annotation
Translation
The catalpa tree with fragrant flowers grows close to Diaoji. The newly bloomed stamens on the tree should not wither quickly.
It would be better to let the wind blow it all away when I was drunk and asleep. How could I bear to watch it being beaten to pieces by the rain when I woke up.
A group of cormorants left outside the thatched cottage and did not return for a long time. The sand suddenly appeared again and I actually doubted my own eyes.
From now on the cormorants should understand how much I like them, and they should fly a hundred times from the sky.
Countless spring bamboo shoots cover the whole bamboo forest, and the firewood gate must be closed tightly to cut off the flow of people. The poet used the excuse to protect Chun Bamboo and did not want to have any contact with the outside world.
I must carefully protect the growth of the first batch of bamboo shoots. When guests come, I will not greet them no matter how much they blame me. Creation Background These three quatrains were written in the spring of the first year of Zong Baoying (762) in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu often turned his attention to nature. Flowers and trees by the river and new bamboo in the garden became the objects of Du Fu's lyrical writing. "Three Quatrains" expresses this. kind of life. Appreciation
The first poem mainly writes about flowers and the poet's cherishment of flowers. The poem begins with the fragrance of flowers. The four words "the fragrance of the catalpa tree" express the poet's joy and love for flowers, which is a preliminary step for the later words about cherishing flowers. In the second sentence, when describing the poet's love for flowers, he should start from the end of the fragrance of flowers. However, the poet did not write directly like this. Instead, he changed his angle and made a twist, starting from the blooming and falling of flowers. The poet's love for flowers is written from the falling of flowers. The words "The new stamens are not yet ready to fly" indicate that he has already seen the catalpa flowers falling one after another. At the moment, he guessed that only the newly bloomed flowers had probably not fallen yet. The poet has obviously seen the catalpa flowers falling, but he does not say it directly; it is obviously about the poet's feeling of cherishing the flowers caused by the falling flowers, but he does not point it out in the poem. Written in this way, the emotions are expressed in an extremely subtle and subtle way.
If the first two lines of the poem only implicitly express the poet's cherishment of flowers, then the last two lines of the poem express such feelings directly: "It's better to be drunk when the wind blows away, how to bear the rain when you wake up." "Thinning them." I would rather have a strong wind blow down the flowers when I am drunk and sleep, but I can't bear to watch a heavy rain thin them again. People are easily sad when the flowers are falling, but it becomes even more embarrassing when they see the flowers falling. Therefore, in these two sentences, one is "not as good as" and the other is "how to endure", which compares the poet's feelings about falling flowers when he is "drunk" and "when he is awake". He takes a step back first, and then goes one step further to compare the poet's cherishing of flowers. The love is written in detail, deeply and vividly.
Falling flowers arouses pity, which is one of the common themes in classical poetry. Although this poem also has the same theme, it has its own characteristics in conception. The poet originally worried about the prospects of the newly bloomed stamens because the early-blooming flowers were blown away by wind and rain; and then this worry triggered the poet's feeling of cherishing the flowers. However, the poem does not say "those who have seen it in advance are grateful" ("Du Xinjie"). Instead, it is based on the idea of ??"breaking new flower stamens", writing from an empty place, and implicitly writing about the scene of falling flowers. The poet's feeling of cherishing flowers goes from dark to bright, retreating first and then advancing, which is very profound.
The second poem is mainly about birds, about the poet's deep love for birds. In this world, couples and friends are separated, and we miss each other deeply. Dreams are often regarded as reality, and falsehoods are regarded as truth. But once they meet, they often regard reality as fantasy and fake reality. For example, Yan Jidao, a poet from the Song Dynasty, wrote in "Partridge Sky" (Colored Sleeves Attentively Holding a Jade Bell): "After we say goodbye, we reminisce about meeting each other. I share my dreams with you several times. Tonight, I still have a silver vat to take a photo of. I'm afraid that meeting each other is in a dream." In "Three Poems from Qiang Village", Du Fu also wrote this poem about gathering with relatives in the midst of separation: "Lighting up the candle at night, the relationship is like a dream." Although this poem is not all about human affairs, It is about the feelings between humans and birds, but the concept is quite similar to the above sentences.
The cormorant on the beach outside the door has been gone for a long time, and the poet misses it very much. The three words "Go or not" in the first sentence point out this background and express the poet's longing for the long gone cormorants. It is precisely because the poet misses the cormorants so deeply that when the second sentence of the poem says that he "suddenly saw the sand head", he couldn't help but "guess" and doubt whether his eyes were wrong. A surprise that had not been seen for a long time suddenly appeared on the page, and the surprise was beyond words. At this moment, he was mistaking the truth for the truth, just like how he always mistook the truth for the truth when he missed the cormorant bird. This sentence can be said to describe the poet's feelings in a crazy and vivid way.
At this time, the poet's deep love for the cormorants could no longer be suppressed. Faced with the cormorant you have seen for a long time, you cannot let it fly again. In the poet's mind, how can he bear the pain of the cormorant's "going or not coming" again?
So in the last two sentences of the poem, the poet warned: "From now on, I know people's wishes, and I have to come a hundred times a day." From now on, you should know that I am willing to be your friend, and I want to see you often. Depending on your mood, just come to this beach every day. The last two sentences are a single stroke, expressing the poet's deep love for the cormorants.
In Chinese classical poetry, many poets often use the method of empathizing with things to give human emotions to some ruthless things when describing the relationship between things and ourselves. The last two sentences of this poem use this expression technique. In the poet's writing, the cormorants in nature seem to be able to think, and their emotions seem to be communicated with people. So he wanted to tell the cormorant his sincere words.
This poem describes the poet's longing for the cormorants "whether they are going or not", to the "eyes guessing" when "suddenly seeing them on the sand"; from the surprise of seeing them after a long absence, to the worry. It will "never come back" in the future, but it diligently warns "it must come a hundred times a day", which describes the poet's love for birds step by step, which is very real. The various psychological activities unfolded by the poet are written in great depth and detail. When reading the whole poem, although the language is as plain as spoken words, it is full of charm and interesting.
The third poem is about bamboo, describing the poet's love for bamboo. "Countless spring bamboo shoots are blooming in the forest." The poem begins with the spring bamboo shoots blooming in the forest. It is "countless" and "full of forest". It describes the scene of spring bamboo shoots growing luxuriantly and shows people a picture full of vitality. The vivid pictures and words are filled with the poet's incomparable joy for this natural scene.
The poet knows that the spring bamboo shoots in front of him can neither become a thing for people to watch, nor can they become a delicacy on people's banquet table. Because today’s spring bamboo shoots will be tomorrow’s new bamboo shoots; today’s spring bamboo shoots in the forest will be a sure sign of tomorrow’s new bamboo shoots. The poet must be taking careful care at this moment. Therefore, the second sentence of the poem reads: "The firewood gate is tightly blocked and blocks the pedestrian movement." He wants to close the firewood gate tightly and refuse all guests.
At this point, the poet’s intention to protect the bamboo shoots has become clear. But the poet felt that the meaning was not yet complete, so he further elaborated in the last two sentences of the poem: "The meeting must be seen as a bamboo, and the guests will not be angry when they arrive."
The poet must treat this bamboo shoot Take good care of it and make it grow into new bamboo. She would rather let the guest blame herself than greet him personally. The last sentence of the poem not only points out the reason why the poet carefully protects the bamboo shoots, but also expresses the poet's longing for the future. I really hope that these bamboo shoots will grow into Hsinchu in the near future. The next line of the poem, "When a guest arrives, he will never come out to greet him", which corresponds to "The Chaimen is tightly covered and blocks the passage of people". The poet here uses the word "cong'an" before "not to welcome", deeply expressing his determination to protect the bamboo shoots.
According to legend, Wang Huizhi, the son of the calligrapher Wang Xizhi of the Jin Dynasty, loved bamboo very much. He heard that there was a family in Wuzhong that had good bamboo, so he drove there and watched it under the bamboo in the courtyard of the house, "whispering for a long time." The master asked him to sit down, but he ignored him. When he left happily, the master closed the door (see "Book of Jin·Biography of Wang Xizhi"). Therefore, there is a line in the Tang poem "(Why do you need to ask the owner of bamboo?") Wang Wei's "I went to Xinchang with Pei Di in spring to visit Lu Yiren, but I didn't meet him"). Here, Du Fu reversed the relationship between host and guest, writing from "the host does not welcome the guest", secretly using the story of Wang Hui without revealing any trace. The clever intention expresses the poet's deep love for spring bamboo shoots and Hsinchu. Du Fu (712-770), whose courtesy name is Zimei, who calls himself Shaoling Yelao, is known as "Du Gongbu", "Du Shaoling", etc., Han nationality, native of Gong County, Henan Province (now Gongyi City, Henan Province), a great realist in the Tang Dynasty A Maoist poet, Du Fu is respected as the "Sage of Poetry" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively known as "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du". He was concerned about the country and the people, and had a noble personality. About 1,400 of his poems have been preserved. His poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766, and is commemorated by Du Fu's Thatched Cottage in later generations.
Du Fu There was a loud thunder in Jiangpu last night, and the rain in Spring City was slightly cold. The orioles sit side by side and feel wet, and the egrets fly together in great numbers. The poems and rhythms gradually become more and more detailed in the evening festival, but no one can count the width of their wine glasses. But I love Qing Kuangke the most. I have looked at each other a hundred times without stopping. ——Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, "The play is played by nineteen Cao Chang on the road"
The play is played by nineteen Cao Chang on the road. There was a loud thunder in Jiangpu last night, and the rain in Spring City was slightly cold.
Orioles sit side by side and feel wet, while egrets fly in groups.
In the evening, the rhythm of poetry gradually becomes more detailed, and no one can count the width of the wine glass.
But I love Qing Kuangke the most. I have looked at each other a hundred times without stopping. Describe scenery, express emotions, friends, joy and depression. The first state in the southeast, West Lake has been beautiful since ancient times. There are pavilions and pavilions near the embankment, with painted boats and pavilions, and tourists singing and playing. There are lotus flowers for ten miles, osmanthus seeds for three autumns, and clear green mountains all around. It took a hundred years for the heroes to travel south, but they all forgot their life ambitions. It's a pity that the heavenly incest has changed. Who can borrow it to save the shame of the past? Climb to Xingsheng, express your feelings about the past and present, and show your heroic spirit. The strong men push the mountains, and the gods move the water to cultivate the mulberry fields. Borrow the tide of Qiantang to wash away all the tears for you, General Yue! ——Song Dynasty·Chen Dewu's "Water Dragon's Song·Nostalgia of the West Lake"
Water Dragon's Song·Nostalgia of the West Lake
Song Dynasty: Chen Dewu Read more ∨ The first state in the southeast, West Lake has been beautiful since ancient times.
There are pavilions and pavilions near the embankment, with painted boats and pavilions, and tourists singing and playing music.
Ten miles of lotus flowers, three autumn osmanthus trees, and four clear mountains.
Even the heroes who traveled south for hundreds of years have forgotten their life ambitions.
It’s a pity that the heaven and earth have changed. Who can use it to avoid the shame of the past?
Climb to Xingsheng, express your feelings about the past and present, and show your heroic spirit.
The strong men push the mountains, and the Tianwu move the water to cultivate the mulberry fields.
Borrow the tide of Qiantang to wash away the tears of General Yue for you! ▲ Nostalgia for the past, a scene from the West Lake. The east wind also sends a letter of sweetness. It has blown my hair early, and my hair is full of sorrow. The flowers bloom as they did ten years ago, but the people are not as handsome as they were ten years ago. The waterside is filled with pearls and green fragrance. It also disappears, and the swallow peeks at the oriole and recognizes it. When I returned home, I was intoxicated by the hazy moon. I felt the scent of flowers and my breasts were full of moisture. ——Zhong Guo, Qing Dynasty, "Buchan Palace, the east wind brings sweet letters again"
Bu Chan Palace, the east wind brings sweet letters again. The flowers bloom as they did ten years ago, but the people are not as handsome as they were ten years ago.
The waterside is filled with pearls and green fragrance. It also disappears, and the swallow peeks at the oriole and recognizes it. When I returned home, I was intoxicated by the hazy moon. I felt the scent of flowers and my breasts were full of moisture.
Spring outing, writing about scenery, lamenting the time