Trees (1) Bamboo is the embodiment of a gentleman, a gentleman among the "Four Gentlemen". It is fascinating with its unrestrained, natural, elegant and quiet beauty; It is also in line with Gutaisha's sentiment that "a gentleman is better than bamboo, unless he is indifferent to his ambition, he is quiet and far-reaching", because his personality is empty and introverted, sparse and faint, and he does not admire glory, beauty and flattery. Zheng Banqiao loved and respected bamboo all his life. Painting to write bamboo, poetry to chant bamboo. Zheng Banqiao's thought is wild and uninhibited, and he is proud and upright. Therefore, he often praises and paints bamboo to encourage people and himself, such as "insisting that the green hills are not relaxed, and the roots are broken rocks." After many trials and tribulations, it is still strong, and there are winds in the east, west, north and south. It praises the indomitable character of bamboo standing in the rock and its indomitable nature of not being afraid of difficulties and thriving. ② The homonym of "Liu" and "Liu" in the word Liu. Folding willows to bid farewell means that you are willing to stay frequently. For example, a poem "Farewell" written by an anonymous person in the Sui Dynasty: "Willow green hangs down on the ground and flowers are long and sultry. The wicker flies and asks the pedestrian whether to return. " Willow green, staggered brush, long strips hanging down; Huayang is long, flying all over the sky, regardless of things; Put away all the wicker, stay diligently, say goodbye today, when will you come back? Willow seems to be a thousand arms stretched out at a farewell party, holding the sleeves of the skirt, and can't bear to let friends leave. How strong is the intention to talk and retain? Liu Ye is so, how can people be inferior! (3) Pine, cypress and cypress are models of fighting frost and snow, symbolizing unyielding will. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. Serina Liu in the Three Kingdoms gave his younger brother: "Don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as a pine and cypress, and to maintain a noble quality under any circumstances. (4) In the ancient Chinese parasol tree, it is said that the Chinese parasol tree is male, the Chinese parasol tree is female, and the Chinese parasol tree grows old and dies. There's a saying in China that "when the Laka tree is ripe, the mandarin duck will die together". Therefore, the phoenix tree is often used in poetry to express the undying love between men and women. The last paragraph of Yuefu folk song Peacock Flying Southeast is the most imaginative and romantic, which uses the above meaning. "Pine and cypress are planted in the east, and phoenix trees are planted on the left and right", this wonderful and magical picture embodies people's hope for pure love and yearning for a happy life. The phoenix tree leaves fall early, and the ancients said that "the phoenix tree leaves fall, and the world knows autumn." The ancients had a feeling of sorrowful autumn, seeing things hurt, and seeing leaves fall made autumn more meaningful. For example, in "Going to the West Wing alone without words, the moon is like a hook, and the solitary phoenix tree locks the clear autumn" ("Welcome to Huan" by Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty), the emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, who is in prison, is naturally a little sad. This Leng Yue shines on the bare phoenix tree, which adds to the worries of the people in the courtyard. 2. Flowers 1 orchids are a symbol of beauty, purity, simplicity, virtue and elegance, because orchids are of noble quality and have the reputation of "gentlemen in flowers". There is a saying that "Yuan You, Li Youlan" in "The Songs of the South, Nine Songs and Mrs. Xiang". Wang Yi's note: "According to legend, there are luxuriant branches and leaves, and there are delicate fragrance and orchids in Lishui, which are different from other grasses." Lanben refers to the fragrant grass born on both sides of Yuan and Li, and later it is compared with noble people or things. (2) Chrysanthemum Ao Shuang Chrysanthemum, according to Tao Yuanming's preference, "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan", leisurely and enjoyable. "Chrysanthemum" by Yuan Zhen in Tang Dynasty: "Autumn bushes are like Taoist priests, and the more they bypass the fence, the more inclined they are. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred in flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. 3 plum blossoms, not afraid of cold, independent early spring. This indomitable spirit and tenacious will of plum blossom has always been regarded as a symbol of noble character and noble temperament. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". Here is the real writing, meaning pun, using homophonic pun rhetoric, expressing a woman's deep yearning and pure love for the man she loves. ⑤ The prosperity of vegetation contrasts with the desolation, expressing ups and downs. For example, Du Fu's "The grass is green in front of the door, the birds are singing under the leaves" describes that generations of sages and their achievements have disappeared. Now, every year only the grass reflected by the green stone steps is spring, and the oriole makes this beautiful call in vain. The poet lamented that the past was empty and deeply regretted. 6 red beans send red beans and acacia. Wang Wei's lovesickness poem: "When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches." For me, take a hug home as a symbol of our love. " The poet expressed his affection for his friends through red beans born in the south. 3. Animals ① Hongyan Hongyan is a large migratory bird, which moves southward every autumn, often causing homesickness and wandering sadness. For example, Xue Daoheng's "People miss home every day": "After people return to geese, they miss flowers before." I had the idea of going home long before the flowers bloomed. But when the geese returned to the north, people had not returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasties, he sent envoys to Chen Nan to write this homesick poem, which was subtle and tactfully. There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. The story of Hongyan's delivery of books comes from Su Wu. As a messenger, Hongyan is widely used in poetry. For example, "The wild geese don't answer me, and the rivers and lakes are full of rain" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Sky"). 2 Swallows Swallows show the beauty of spring and convey the feelings of cherishing spring, such as "Swallows come, news agencies open, and pear blossoms are after Qingming"; Show the beauty of love and convey the thoughts of your lover, such as "falling flowers are independent and swift fly together"; Express the changes of current events, express the feelings and sadness about the ups and downs of the past, the metabolism of personnel, the destruction of the country and the death of the family, such as "there is no place for flowers, and it seems familiar." (3) The apes in ancient poems often express a sad feeling through the cries of apes. For example, "The high wind apes crow in the wide sky, and the white sand birds in clear lake return" and "The poor season has passed, and the flowers have fallen and the apes crow for another year" are all expressions of lamentation. 4 pairs of carp carp refers to letters. For example, "the butterfly came and there was nowhere to ask. The tall building was separated by water, but the letter from Pisces was broken." A Qing Dynasty Song Wan's "I have seen Zhou Huacen": "I haven't seen you for a long time, but I am a pair of carp." ⑤ Soup perch refers to homesickness. For example, the poem "Presenting the Delicious Taste to Mr. nan huaijin" said: "Xie Ganji is long in taste, and the wild mountains and Ouhai are original. I feel a little tears in front of my eyes. I want to try raw fish. " How many people shed tears of homesickness. 6 cuckoo cuckoo represents sadness and homesickness. According to legend, the king of Shu ordered Du Yu to look forward to the emperor. He lived in seclusion in the mountains because he was forced to give way to his courtiers. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. In spring, cuckoos will crow until their mouths are full of blood. In addition, the cuckoo's cry seems to be calling: "It is better to go home." Also called Zigui, it often evokes the homesickness of wanderers. Such as: "Pear blossoms and snowy moons are so sad that the cuckoo cries blood." "jathyapple, what comes to us is cuckoo's melancholy voice and sad empty mountain." "From now on, I will leave Kaijiang South Road and become a raven with blood."
All landowners Qiu Chan is noble and sad. After autumn, cicadas will not live long. After several autumn rains, there were only a few intermittent moans. Such as: "Cold cicadas are sad, the pavilion is late, and the shower begins to rest." "I listen to cicadas and think about visitors from the south."
4. Weather category 1 Ice and snow use the crystal of ice and snow to describe loyalty and noble character. For example, Wang Changling's "Parting Xin Qiji at Furong Inn": "If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, there is a piece of ice in the jade pot." "Bing Xin is in the jade pot" is a metaphor for the poet's open mind. (2) the wind and frost to wind and frost metaphor life easy to get old, bad social environment, evil forces rampant, bumpy road in life, setbacks. For example, "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Lu Zhi": "Wind and frost are different from the nature of vegetation, and you can see chastity in danger." (3) Rain, like rain, is often associated with nourishing everything and inspiring vitality. Wei Shi's "Seclusion": "The rainy night has arrived, and I don't know if spring grass will grow." It is a good sentence that people appreciate. "Light rain" is the poet's accurate description of the drizzle in early spring. Spring grass grows under the nourishment of light rain, showing the breath of spring. Some poets like the faint spring rain at night. The poet's seclusion and joy of mind can be seen. (4) the meaning of clouds floating. For example, "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset." ⑤ Water and water are connected in China's ancient poems, telling endless worries and conveying the sadness that life is short and fate is impermanent. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Zhuzhici" "Peach blossoms are all over the sky, and the spring water in the Shu River hits the mountain stream. Bonuses are easy to decline like Lang Yi, and the water is endless. " 5. Other categories ① There are pavilions along the ancient roadside in Changting for rest or farewell. For example, Yu Xin, a writer in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, wrote "Mourning for the South of the Yangtze River": "Ten miles and five miles, roadside pavilions. It's called ten miles and one long pavilion, and five miles and one short pavilion. " "Long Pavilion" has become an image with feelings of parting, which constantly appears in ancient farewell poems. For example, in Liu Yong's Yulin Order, "It's cold and sad, and the pavilion is too late".
(2) Nanpu Nanpu is a common image in the farewell poems of Nanshui Road, which has a lot to do with Qu Yuan's famous sentence "Go east to exchange money, send a beauty to Nanpu" in Jiuge Hebo. Jiang Yan, a writer in the Southern Dynasties, wrote about Beppu ("Spring grass is green and spring water is surging. It hurts to send you to Nanpu!" After that, Nanpu obviously added farewell poems; Farewell poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties are more common, such as "Nanpu is sad and the west wind is curling in autumn" in Bai Juyi's Nanpu Bie in the Tang Dynasty.
(3) Xiaomi's separation "Xiaomi's separation" is often used to express regret and sadness about the rise and fall of the country in the past. Canon out of the book of songs, Feng Wang, millet from. According to legend, after Zhou Pingwang moved eastward, Dr. Zhou passed by the ancient capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and lamented that the ancestral temple was destroyed and millet was everywhere, so he wrote the poem "Millet Parting" to express his grief. Later generations took the thought of "Su Li" as the worry of national subjugation, like the ups and downs of the past. For example, there is a sentence in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "I feel sorry for the past and the present, because I am conscious. The old man in Yan Qian thinks there is a kind of "separation" sadness. "
(4) The Moon In China's ancient poems, it is a common brushwork to use the moon to set off feelings. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night: "The foot of the bed is bright, is there frost?" Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " How does this poem express Li Bai's feelings? Homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image full of poet's feelings. Du Fu's "Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night": "He knows that the dew will frost tonight, and the moonlight at home will be bright! "Dew is always white, but tonight is whiter, because it feels like tonight; The moon is unknown everywhere, and my hometown is brighter because I miss my brother and my hometown. The poet takes fantasy as reality to highlight his nostalgia for his hometown. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian wrote "Looking at Du Langzhong at Fifteen Nights": "Tonight, the moon is full, and I don't know whose house Qiu Si will fall." The poem points out the universal human feelings of this full moon night with euphemistic questions, and implicitly shows the poet's deep yearning for his hometown friends. In addition, there are Zhang Jiuling's poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as "When the moonlight rises in the sea, the horizon is * * *" (looking at the moon and thinking about a distance), "I want to ask Wujiang not to come here, but I will see you in my dream" (Wang Changling's "Drinking at Cao Zhai Night, Li Chang" in the Tang Dynasty).