Yang Wanli? - an outstanding poet of the Southern Song Dynasty
Yang Wanli (1127-1206), courtesy name Tingxiu, nickname Chengzhai, was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now part of Jiangxi), twenty-four years old (1154) Jinshi, granted the title of Sihu of Ganzhou to join the army, and transferred to Linglingcheng. Qiandao, Zhi Fengxin County, promoted Dr. Guozi, moved to Dr. Taichang, and became the right minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and he will be a young eunuch. During the Chunxi period, he learned about Changzhou, promoted tea salt in Changping, Guangdong, and moved to Guangdong to raise some prisons. In the eleventh year (1184), he was called the official wailang. He successively served as prosecutor of the Privy Council, minister of right and left ministers, and secretary of Shaojian. Together with You Miao, Fan Chengda and Lu You, they are known as the "Four Great ZTE Poets" of the Southern Song Dynasty. Most of Yang Wanli's poems describe natural scenery, and he is good at this. There are also many chapters that reflect the sufferings of the people and express patriotic feelings. The language is simple and clear, fresh and natural, and full of humor; it is called "Chengzhai style".
Representative works include "Sent Off to Lin Zifang at Dawn from Jingci Temple", "Little Pond", "Xugong Store in Suxin City", "Rising from a Nap in the Early Summer", "Xinliu", and "Ship Passing Anren" wait.
Life experience:
Yang Wanli (1127-1206 AD), named Tingxiu, nicknamed Chengzhai Yike, lived in Nanxi, Jishui County (now Jishui County, Huangqiao Township, Weitang Village )people. He was an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was as famous as Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Miao, and was praised by later generations as one of the "Four Great Masters of ZTE".
On September 22, Dingwei, the first year of Jianyan (October 29, 1127 AD), Yang Wanli was born. This is a turbulent era. The Jin soldiers invaded the Central Plains on a large scale and captured Bianjing in leap November of the previous year. In April of this year, they captured Huizong, Emperor Qin and Song, as well as 3,000 people including the prince and relatives and went north. The Northern Song Dynasty was declared destroyed; in May, King Kang Zhaogou He ascended the throne as Emperor Gaozong and established the Southern Song Dynasty, which was based in the south of the Yangtze River. From then on, the long-term confrontation between the Song and Jin Dynasties and the weak south and the strong north began.
Yang Wanli lost his mother at the age of eight. Father Yang Fu (AD 1096-1164), Yang Wanli, also known as Wenqing, also known as Nanxi Jushi. He was proficient in the "Book of Changes" and often endured hunger and cold to buy books. After ten years of accumulation, he had thousands of volumes. He once pointed out the collection of books. He said to Yang Wanli: "It's the sage's heart that makes you angry!" (Hu Quan's "Yang Jun Wenqing Ji Zhiming") Under the influence of his father, Yang Wanli was very diligent in studying since he was a child, and he was erudite and perseverant. At the age of 17, he became a disciple of Wang Tingcheng. At the age of 21, he became a disciple of Liu Anshi and Liu Tingzhi. In the spring of the 20th year of Shaoxing (AD 1150), he went to Lin'an to take part in the rites examination. He failed and returned, but continued to study at the age of 27. Liu Caishao became his teacher. A few years later, when he was appointed as Sihu in Ganzhou, his father took him to visit Zhang Jiucheng, who was living in Nan'an, and Hu Zhui, who was passing through Ganzhou, to learn about their knowledge, integrity and strong opinions. The patriotic spirit of resisting the Jin Dynasty had an important influence on Yang Wanli. In the spring of the 24th year of Shaoxing (1154 AD), Yang Wanli was awarded the title of Jinshi in the 26th year (1156 AD). Sihu joined the army. In October of the 29th year (AD 1159), he was transferred to Lingling County, Yongzhou. At that time, Zhang Jun, the leader of the main war faction, stayed in Yongzhou and thanked Yang Wanli behind closed doors three times. He was only able to receive him after writing a letter and being introduced by his son Zhang Jun. Zhang Jun said to him: "Noble man Yuan Fu, his waist is gold, slim and purple. Only the names of Zou Zhiwan and Chen Yingzhong can compete with the sun and the moon!" (Luo Luo) Volume 1 of the Great Classic "Helin Yulu" also encouraged Yang Wanli to adhere to his teachings throughout his life, so he named his study room "Chengzhai" to express Hu Quan's ambition at that time. When he lived in Hengzhou, Yang Wanli asked him to write "Cheng Zhai Ji" for Cheng Lingling, "two divisions were obtained in one day" ("Twelve Papers of Postscript of Zhang Wei Gong's Reply to Hu Gong Jian"), Zhang Jun, Hu Quan, two famous patriotic ministers, became the example that Yang Wanli followed throughout his life.
In June of the 32nd year of Shaoxing (AD 1162), Gaozong Zhao Gou abdicated, and major changes occurred in the political situation of the Southern Song Dynasty. , determined to recover, appointed Zhang Po as the privy envoy, and soon appointed him as the prime minister. In the autumn of the first year of Longxing (1163), Yang Wanli left Lingling and was transferred to Lin'an, except for the professor of Lin'an Prefecture. When he took office, he returned to Jishui in the first month of the second year due to his father's illness. On August 4, his father died of illness and stayed at home. "For three years, the house was not closed and he was not polite" (Preface to Sending Wang Caichen to the Autumn Examination).
In the spring of the third year of Qiandao (1167 AD), Yang Wanli arrived in Lin'an. Yang Wanli was eager to see the deputy privy envoy Chen Junqing and the privy envoy Yu Yunwen successively, and wrote a political treatise "Qianli Ce". "Qianlu Ce" is divided into "kingdom", "national power", "governing the source", "talent", "discussing the phase", "discussing the general", "discussing the army", "controlling officials", "selecting methods", "Criminal Law", "Redundant Officials", and "Civil Affairs" have 30 articles. They profoundly summarized the historical lessons of the difficult period of Jingkang, bluntly criticized the corruption and incompetence of the imperial court, and put forward a set of policies and strategies to revitalize the country, fully demonstrating Yang Wanli's political ability. After reading it, Yu Yunwen admired and said: "There is such a person in the southeast! In the first year of a certain era, two people were recommended together, and this person should be the leader." ("Helin Yulu" Volume B, Volume 4)
The sixth year of Qiandao (1170 AD), Yang Wanli was appointed magistrate of Fengxin County in addition to Longxing Prefecture. It happened to be a severe drought in Fengxin, and people's lives were very difficult. Yang Wanli took office on April 26th. He saw that the prisons were full of people who could not afford to pay taxes, but the government offices and treasury were still empty. He knew that it was due to exploitation among the officials. So he ordered that all "prisoners" in prison be released, and he prohibited arrests and whipping of people. Then he issued a notice to each household to relax the amount and period of their taxes.
As a result, people came to pay taxes on their own initiative, and within a month, all the tax arrears were paid. Although he only took office for half a year, he implemented his policy of not disturbing the people for the first time and achieved considerable results.
In October of the same year, due to the recommendation of the Right Prime Minister Yu Yunwen, Yang Wanli removed Dr. Guozi, and Yang Wanli began to build the Jing Palace. The following year, Zhang Shi was squeezed out of Yuanzhou because he opposed Hou Xingjin and Xi Jinping to take the important position and offended Yu Yunwen. Yang Wanli resisted Zhang Shi and argued that Zhang Mo should not resign. He also wrote a letter to Yu Yunwen, admonishing him with justice, forgetting selfishness, and deeply felt for him. The world praises him. In July, he was promoted to doctor of Taichang; in eight years, he was promoted to Taichang ZE and powerful official, Du Youwai Langguan; in April of the ninth year, he was promoted to a general as a young prisoner. In the first month of the first year of Chunxi (1174), in addition to knowing Zhangzhou, he did not forget to write a letter before leaving, admonishing the emperor to avoid corrupt officials and treat honest officials. Later, he did not go to his post due to illness and stayed at home for three years. In the spring of the fourth year of Chunxi's reign, he came to Changzhou.
In the first month of the sixth year of Chunxi (AD 1179), in addition to the official tea and salt affairs in Changping, Guangdong. Yang Wanli left Changzhou with his family in February and stayed there for nearly a year. In the first month of the seventh year, he left Jishui and went to Guangdong. In February of the eighth year, he was transferred to Guangdong Tidian Prison. In the winter, the Fujian "robber" Shen division entered Meizhou. He led his troops to pacify it. He was called "the brave man of benevolence" by Xiaozong and was given the title of Zhimi Pavilion. In July of the same year, my stepmother passed away and I left office to mourn.
In October of the 11th year of Chunxi (AD 1184), he was dismissed and was called to Beijing to serve as Minister Youlang, and later as Wailang, a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. In May of the twelfth year, in addition to the doctor in the Ministry of official affairs, he responded to the imperial edict and wrote a letter discussing current affairs. Wang Huai, the Prime Minister of Seoul, asked, "What is the prime minister's most urgent priority?" Yang Wanli replied, "Talent is the most urgent priority." He wrote a note in the "Recommended Scholars" and recommended Zhu Jiao and other 60 people, all of whom were upright and upright people. Emperor Xiaozong personally honored him as the prince's attendant, and the prince inscribed it with the word "Chengzhai". In the thirteenth year of Chunxi's reign, he was transferred to the Privy Council to examine the palace. He successively served as the doctor of Yousi and Zuosi of Shangshu Province, and he also served as the minister of the East Palace. In October of the 14th year, he was appointed Secretary and Young Supervisor. In March of the 15th year, Xiaozong accepted the suggestion of Hanlin scholar Hong Mai and appointed Lu Yihao and others to worship in Gaozong's temple. Yang Wanli strived to have Zhang Jun, the famous general in the main battle, as his companion. He accused Hong Mai of not waiting for deliberation and being arbitrary, which was like "referring to a deer as a horse", which angered Xiaozong: "Why is Wanli Yilian like the master?" So he cut off the Zhimi Pavilion and made Zhizhi. Juanzhou (now Gao'an, Jiangxi).
In February of the 16th year (AD 1189), Guangzong received Zen. Yang Wanli returned to Zhimi Pavilion in May, was summoned in August, and came to Beijing in September. He wrote three letters in a row, asking Guangzong to protect talents and prevent traitors from being "diligence on the first day, frugality on the second day, decisiveness on the third day, imprisoning the gentleman on the day, and rewarding outspokenness on the fifth day" ("The Third Letter"). In October, except for the secretary and supervisor. Because Shaoxi changed the Yuan Dynasty, he borrowed the bachelor's degree from Huanzhang Pavilion to serve as the envoy of He Zhengdan from the Kingdom of Jin and also the reviewer of the Academy of Records.
In August of the first year of Shaoxi (AD 1190), Xiaozong's "Calendar" was completed. As usual, the secretary should supervise Yang Wanli to write the preface to the "Calendar", but the prime minister ordered others to do it differently, so Yang Wanli committed suicide. He failed in his duties and requested to resign, but Guangzong persuaded him to stay. Then, because he wanted to enter Xiaozong's "Holy Government" book, the prime minister regarded him as an official, but Xiaozong still missed the old evil and was very unhappy, so he left Jiangdong to transport the deputy envoy.
In the second year of Shaoxi (AD 1192), the imperial court ordered the use of iron money to recruit children in the counties south of the Yangtze River. Yang Wanli wrote a letter to dissuade him. He refused to obey the edict and offended the prime minister, so he changed his name to Ganzhou. I didn't go, but I was relieved of my illness in August and returned to Jishui. ‘Like a sick crane emerging from its cage, like a rabbit escaping from its cage and throwing itself into the forest... From now on, it is completely hidden from the rest of the world’ (Reply to Shen Zishou Shu).
In the first year of Qingyuan of Ning Zong (1195 AD), Yang Wanli was called to Beijing, but Yang Wanli refused to say goodbye. In September, the Huanzhang Pavilion was promoted and the Xingguo Palace was promoted. In the first month of the fourth year, he was granted the title of Jishui County and founded the Kingdom, with a settlement of 500 households. In March of the fifth year, he was promoted to Baowen Pavilion and awaited the appointment of an official. In December of the sixth year, he was granted the title of Uncle Kaiguo of Jishui County. In August of the third year of Jiatai (AD 1203), he was ordered to enter Baomo Pavilion to be a bachelor and given clothes and belts; in the first month of the fourth year, he was granted the title of Marquis of Kaiguo in Luling County and 300 households were granted food. In the first year of Kaixi (AD 1205), he was summoned to Beijing and resigned; in February of the second year, he was promoted to bachelor of Baomo Pavilion.
Yang Wanli vowed not to serve as an official in his later years. It is said that he was dissatisfied with the powerful minister Han Niwei when he was in charge of the country. Han built Nanyuan and wanted to ask him to keep records. He said, "Officials can be abandoned, but records cannot be kept!" ’ Resolutely refuse. Later, because Han Zhuan was close to the sun, he quickly became ill with worry and anger. His family knew that he was deeply worried about the country and did not dare to tell him any news about current affairs. On May 7th, the second year of Kaixi (AD 1206), a nephew of the clan came from outside and did not know how lazy he was. So he talked about Han Niwei's Northern Expedition reported in the Di newspaper. After hearing this, Yang Wanli burst into tears and sighed angrily: " The treacherous official acted rashly, and this is what happened!" He expected that Han Ni would be lucky and act rashly, which would inevitably lead to failure and harm to the country, and he couldn't sleep that night. In the morning of the next day, he refused to eat again. He sat in his study and wrote in handwriting: "Han Niwei's treacherous official has monopolized the power of the Yuan Dynasty Lord, used troops to kill the people, and planned to endanger the society." With my head like this, I have no way to serve the country, but to be alone and angry! ’ Another fourteen words of farewell to his wife and children were written, and the pen fell away. He died at the age of 80. Bestow Yiwen Festival, posthumously to Dr. Guanglu.