What word is emphasized in the second sentence of Wang Chun's appreciation of works?

After the bonfire of Du Fu's "Spring Hope" for three months, although the mountains and rivers change, the mountains and rivers will last forever, the green grass will bloom, the flowers will fall like tears, and the lonely birds will lament, but a letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold. It's so thin that it can't hold hairpins anymore. Du Fu's "Spring Watch" appreciates a five-character poem written by Du Fu in March of the second year of Zhide (757), looking at the dilapidated scene of occupied Chang 'an, missing his wife and children in the state where he lives, and expressing the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness. An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an. In July, Du Fu heard that he was located in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), so he settled in Qiang Village of Zhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and went to Lingwu to go to Su Zong alone. Unfortunately, he was captured by Anshi Rebellion on the way and brought to Chang 'an. Because of his humble position, he was forced to stay in the occupied metropolis instead of being imprisoned. In the meantime, he was forced to stay in the occupied city. The last four sentences are full of sadness for relatives. Every word in the poem is written with hate, and every sentence is painful, calm and profound. "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." The first couplet touches on the theme, saying what you can see next spring. The capital (Chang 'an) fell and the city was broken, but the mountains and rivers remained. Although the mountains and rivers have not changed, the scene is very different: grass is everywhere and trees are dense. It makes people feel sad Wei Qingzhi's Poet Jade Chips in the Song Dynasty said: "The ancients regarded poetry as more important than words, which made people think ... Du Zimei was the greatest poet in modern times." "There are mountains and rivers, and there is nothing left; The vegetation is deep and there is no one in the Ming Dynasty. " (On Poetry) This is indeed a simple and meaningful way of writing. Just write that the mountains and rivers are overgrown with vegetation, which shows the desolation and desolation after the robbery. Chang 'an used to be a luxurious and prosperous capital, but now I only see vegetation. A few years ago, I saw that they were "receptive, indifferent, sweet and sincere, with soft and delicate skin and well-proportioned bones. Their embroidered silk robes sparkled in the spring sun, and there were a group of golden peacocks and silver unicorns". (Du Fu's aristocratic enjoyment and imperial concubine's favor disappeared, and even the hardships of ordinary people and plowman woodcutter disappeared. No more tourists like ants, crowns like clouds, no more people like boiling, goods like flowing bustling cities. I saw that Liuxi Xinpu was still green, and thousands of doors were locked in the former palace. The poet put rich meaning in a word "deep". The deep vegetation not only shows the scarcity of people, but also shows the scarcity of people. It depends on the scenery. "Five words and many pairs in the Tang Dynasty" is ingenious, round and natural, and intriguing. "No" and "Cheng Chun" have opposite meanings. Generally speaking, "state compensation" is more common in broken walls, but it is in sharp contrast with the commercial "Cheng Chun". The suffix of "Cheng Chun" is "deeply planted", which means that the meaning of "Cheng Chun" is true and realistic, while "deeply planted" means that only the mountains and rivers remain unchanged, which means lush vegetation, few people and inhuman things. Moreover, the "city" of "Cheng Chun" means "national ruin", that is to say, Chang 'an, which was breached in spring, has lush vegetation and dense trees. The poems recited by poets can arouse people's hearts and imagination. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng highly praised this sentence: "Although a country is broken, the mountains and rivers are forbearing, and the vegetation is greener in spring." Although the antithesis is not perfect, it changes vertically and horizontally. The more stereotyped, the more subtle and ingenious it is. After one hundred generations, it will not be repeated. It deserves to be a source of inspiration. From the panoramic view of urban vegetation to the close-up of flowers and birds, "petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness" is a concrete description of "trees and grass turn green again in spring" In the past, there were differences in the understanding of these two sentences, and the focus was on whether flowers and birds or characters were "tearful" and "shocking the world". On Poetry: In this respect, Modern People's Week explained: "Double writing plays an important role. Du Fu's "longing for spring" is about the sadness of state affairs. Flowers and birds are lovely, but the poet is still sad for flowers and birds, which highlights the depth of sadness and is a double writing. " (Poetry InstanceNo. 18) is actually the same as the poet's statement in Jade Chip. We think that Shi Buhua's "double writing" is that flowers splash tears, birds scream and are heart-pounding, and heartless people are even worse. This increases the double expression. It is anthropomorphic to say that flowers and birds cry and cry. This is not uncommon in ancient poetry. It turns out that "the grass has no sorrow and the flowers have no joy." The poet noticed that he felt emotional because of "feeling time" and "hating parting". In fact, it is the poet who feels the time and hates parting. Seeing dew crystals on flowers is like tears in the eyes of flowers, hearing birds chirping, and crying in panic. This is that the poet looks at things with affectionate eyes, and things also give birth to feelings. Writing people's feelings with things is euphemistic and tortuous, profound and sincere. Both people have two kinds of feelings. The first four sentences of the poem are all unified on "hope". The poet's vision is from far and near, from big to small, from mountains and rivers to vegetation, to flowers and birds, and the visual image is from whole to part, from chaos to clarity. He used the scenery to express his feelings, seeing them from the scenery, rather than writing them directly. His feelings were gradually advanced from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong. Thus entered the second half of the poem-homesickness. "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." The war raged for three months and the whole spring was in turmoil. According to historical records, An Qingxu defeated Yin in January this year. In February, Li Guangbi and An Qingxu fought in Taiyuan and suffered a heavy defeat. Guo Ziyi and An Qingxu fought in Tongguan and lost; In March, Yin led the troops to attack Suiyang, and An Shouzhong led the troops to attack Hedong. This is really a continuous battle. Du Fu was captured by rebels in August the year before last, and was trapped in Chang 'an for one winter and one spring. He always misses his wife and children living in America, so he said, "A message at home is worth a ton of gold". In the autumn before Du Fu wrote "Spring Hope" (the first year of Zhide), he wrote "Moonlight Night" in Chang 'an: When will you lie on the screen again and watch the bright light stop crying? . "This shows the poet's concern for the family. When he received a letter from home during the war, he was naturally ecstatic to report that his family was safe. The value of the letter from home lies in that it came with deep feelings and braved the bonfire, which also touched the poet's suspense about the family. The poet treasures letters from home. It also includes concerns about news from the north. He often hoped that Julian Waghann would pacify the Central Plains in Chang 'an. For example, the ending sentence of Sad Chen Tao is "Everyone cries to the north and looks forward to the loyalist day and night", while the ending sentence of Ai Jiangtou is "Going to Tatar, in the twilight, the cloud town is dusty, and I flee to the south, but I wander towards the throne of the northern dynasty", all of which are written to look north. Now that it is spring, I feel sorry for leaving. Naturally, I look forward to my family and loyalty. " I brushed my white hair. It has grown too thin, and it shows the poet's sorrow. The less white hair he scratched, the less he could get into the hairpin. In ancient times, men tied their hair and tied it with hairpins, so there is this saying. Du Fu was 46 when he wrote this poem. Generally speaking, he is still in his prime and won't have gray hair. However, due to the hardship and sadness of life, poets are precocious, which may also belong to. Who can remain the same? "(Xie's" Going to Three Mountains and Returning to Beijing Late ") Because of missing, thick black hair turns white, which is called" the tweezers of white hair are inexhaustible, and the root is sorrow ". Du Fu really turned white at this moment, and in the Northern Expedition written in the autumn of this year, he also said that "I fell into Chen Hu and returned to Fahua", and his hair turned white completely. He felt it himself. So "scratch shorter" is as short as "can't hold the hairpin anymore" "Scratching" is an action when sadness is difficult to solve, and short hair is a sign of sadness. This shows that a poet with sparse white hair is standing in the broken head of Chang 'an, facing the vegetation everywhere, thinking about his distant relatives, crying and worrying. How can this not make people cry! The last four sentences of this poem are triggered by the first half and further developed. The poet writes his feelings and describes his shape from the scene in front of him. Poets look forward to spring scenery, family and army. Finally, he ended with the image of a lookout, summing up the previous time and feelings of hate, giving people a real feeling. This is the expression method that Du Fu is good at. For example, "Ascending the Mountain" was written in Deng Yueyang Tower in the autumn of the second year of Dali and in the winter of the third year of Dali. It is the last song with the words "There are wars and mountains in the north of this wall. How can you not cry when there are railings here?" . In this way, the scenery and feelings are more unified and the theme is deeper. The poetic pulse of spring is not straight, the feelings are strong but not shallow, the content is rich but not complicated, and the meter is strict but not rigid, which will make the eyes and the feelings in the chest more stable. No wonder Du Fu is still popular after a lapse of 1200 years. Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongxian County, Henan Province) and was a famous poet Du Zhisun. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang 'an, he called himself Shaoling's grandfather and was called Du Shaoling. He studied and traveled before the age of 35. He arrived in Tianbao Chang 'an and was stuck in his office for ten years. After he escaped from danger, he got a formal position to stay and clean up the body. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west, and finally settled in Chengdu. He served as foreign minister for inspection and engineering in Yanwu, and our time was under construction in South China, so he was also called Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. He traveled to Hubei and Hunan and died of poverty and illness. Zimei lived in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is known as a "poet saint" because of his noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. He is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel is also a history of poetry, which is narrated and focused on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetic art and Du Fu's "May 7th" law. He has accumulated complete artistic experience in melody, antithesis, word refining and sentence refining, which has brought this genre to a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu Collection has been handed down from generation to generation, and its names are Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. China, a great realistic poet in ancient times, was known as a "poet saint" and wrote more than 1400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. His ancestor was Du Yu, who was very famous in the Jin Dynasty. The official left to get the relics. Later, he entered Shu, and his friend Yanwu recommended him to be the staff officer of Jianjiedu House and the foreign minister of the school engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shi, Du Fu and Li Bai, and called him "great" in the world. His core idea is the Confucian idea of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao Shun superior and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the motherland. He criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion. Therefore, it is called "the history of poetry". The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, seven ancient poems, five laws and seven laws, he also wrote many rhymes. The artistic techniques are also varied, and they are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited it. He wrote many new poems about Yuefu, such as the famous "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a profound influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu" and Li Shangyin's recent allegorical current affairs poems. Wen Tianxiang regards Du Fu's poems as the spiritual strength to stick to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, please refer to Old Tang Book (1900). Du Gongbu Collection, Three Officials and Three Farewells are all representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. They truly described the county officials, customs officials, old women, grandfathers, brides and levies under specific circumstances. It vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and sufferings of the broad masses of working people, and shows people the tragic scene of life. In these descriptions of human suffering, on the one hand, poets have deep sympathy for the suffering people and hate the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people. The word "deep" should be stressed in the second sentence.