Cao Cao's poetic form is very innovative. He is particularly good at writing five-character and four-character styles. Hao was originally a miscellaneous word, but Cao Cao rewritten it into five words, which was very successful. Four-character poems have declined since The Book of Songs, and there are not many excellent works, but Cao Cao inherited the national style and the tradition of Xiaoya, reflecting reality and expressing emotions. For example, "Short Song" and "Out of the Summer Gate" are masterpieces of four-character poems, which make them reborn and glow again. Cao Cao's poems are simple, straightforward, bold, sad, gloomy and vigorous. The colorful words are rare, but vivid as the poem "Watching the Sea": "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rough, and the trip to the sun and the moon, if it is outside, the stars are brilliant, if it is outside." A few strokes can show the poet's mind with a vast seascape without retouching.
★ Breath singing (three songs)
Drive six dragons to ride the wind.
Travel around the world and visit eight countries.
Climb the mountain valley and ride the clouds.
Travel overseas, east to Mount Tai.
Fairy and jade girl, come down and swim.
Drive six dragons to drink chalcedony.
The river flows out, but it doesn't flow east.
Relieve the stomach and drink chalcedony.
Wind star, east to Penglai Mountain, up to Tianmen.
Under the jade pavilion, I can be introduced,
Korean pine is on the opposite side, looking in all directions and looking at the bright fire.
The heart of opening jade is in full swing and the gas field is full.
Shut your mouth, but love will last forever.
East of the sea, connected with the sky.
The way of immortals and ghosts are often specialized.
My heart is quiet and I have nothing to do.
If you want to sit behind closed doors, you will get angry.
May those who pray to God ride in the cloud car,
Driving a white deer to Tianmen to give medicine to God.
Get down on your knees, accept it, and respect God.
When this happens, the Tao comes from itself.
Secondly,
Huayinshan, self-righteous.
It is 100 feet high and covered with clouds.
When the fairy comes, it will rain with the wind.
Play my flute and harp. Why? There are "word" and "silver" in "door"!
Today's wine and opera are very interesting.
Jade girl got up and danced for hours.
The preaching voice is really loud.
When I came from the northwest, Sendao smoked a lot.
Riding a dragon in the clouds, what's wrong?
Octupole is a trip to Kunlun Mountain.
On the side of the Queen Mother of the West, Xianyu Pavilion.
Who is the new guy? Joe, the king of red pine, is the door of moral revolution.
Eat and drink until dusk.
Riding together, long live, suitable for future generations.
third
It's real to visit junshan.
Cui Wei is a god.
But on the platform of the Queen Mother, Jin Jieyu is the hall, and Cao Zhi is next to the hall.
The east and west compartments are full of guests.
When the owner walks, the person sitting will live longer.
Changle just started to be a grandson.
I always wish my master a long life and be with the sky.
★ thin column
When you are born, you build a pottery, and you have an ending.
There is an end.
Sages can't avoid customs, so why bother?
I am willing to drive the dragon to think of Kunlun.
I thought Kunlun decided.
See the date in the strange, and aim at Penglai.
Aim for Penglai.
When Zhou Lisheng falls, he will take a grave with him.
With graves and mounds.
Who can live in Tao Tao? A gentleman worries and worries.
The end of the year, nothing to do.
★ Duguan Mountain
Between heaven and earth, people are precious.
It is the right way to set up monarch and shepherd talents.
Trajectory, latitude and longitude quadrupole.
I am quiet, cheerful and full of interest.
Mr. Yu Shuo, President of Bangyu.
Five feudal lords, minefield prison.
There is a burnt Dan book, but there is no universal forgiveness.
Just wait, what's the dereliction of duty?
Well, later generations, the system is easy to change.
Labor is king, and service gives him strength.
Shun lacquer ware and food containers, ten countries from the side,
Not as good as Tang Yao.
The world sighs and sighs, and wants to be vulgar.
Abandoning evil is great, and frugality is virtue.
Xu You was allowed to make concessions. Is there a lawsuit?
Always in love with Shang Tong, those sparse people will be happy.
★ Autumn Lu Hang
However, in the twenty-two years of the Han dynasty, it was not good.
Wash the monkey and wear the crown, know the small and seek the edge.
Hesitant, afraid to break through, because the inaugural king.
Bai Hong is also the first to bear the brunt of Japan's infiltration.
Thieves and ministers hold the national handle to kill the Lord and destroy Yujing.
Swing through the emperor's inheritance, the ancestral temple was burned.
Spread all over the west and cry.
Looking at Belo City, I am very sad.
★ Duijiu
For Jiuge, it is normal for officials to call the door.
The king is wise, and the prime minister is honest and kind.
Salt and ceremony, the people do not dispute.
Three years of ploughing has nine years of storage, and the grain is abundant.
Gray wasn't loaded.
Rain is like this, a hundred grains are used.
But take a horse and say,
Secondly,
Huayinshan, self-righteous.
It is 100 feet high and covered with clouds.
When the fairy comes, it will rain with the wind.
Play my flute and harp. Why? There are "word" and "silver" in "door"!
Today's wine and opera are very interesting.
Jade girl got up and danced for hours.
The preaching voice is really loud.
When I came from the northwest, Sendao smoked a lot.
Riding a dragon in the clouds, what's wrong?
Octupole is a trip to Kunlun Mountain.
On the side of the Queen Mother of the West, Xianyu Pavilion.
Who is the new guy? Joe, the king of red pine, is the door of moral revolution.
Eat and drink until dusk.
Riding together, long live, suitable for future generations.
third
It's real to visit junshan.
Cui Wei is a god.
But on the platform of the Queen Mother, Jin Jieyu is the hall, and Cao Zhi is next to the hall.
The east and west compartments are full of guests.
When the owner walks, the person sitting will live longer.
Changle just started to be a grandson.
I always wish my master a long life and be with the sky.
Jinglie
When you are born, you build a pottery, and you have an ending.
There is an end.
Sages can't avoid customs, so why bother?
I am willing to drive the dragon to think of Kunlun.
I thought Kunlun decided.
See the date in the strange, and aim at Penglai.
Aim for Penglai.
When Zhou Lisheng falls, he will take a grave with him.
With graves and mounds.
Who can live in Tao Tao? A gentleman worries and worries.
The end of the year, nothing to do.
Duguanshan
Between heaven and earth, people are precious.
It is the right way to set up monarch and shepherd talents.
Trajectory, latitude and longitude quadrupole.
I am quiet, cheerful and full of interest.
Mr. Yu Shuo, President of Bangyu.
Five feudal lords, minefield prison.
There is a burnt Dan book, but there is no universal forgiveness.
Just wait, what's the dereliction of duty?
Well, later generations, the system is easy to change.
Labor is king, and service gives him strength.
Shun lacquer ware and food containers, ten countries from the side,
Not as good as Tang Yao.
The world sighs and sighs, and wants to be vulgar.
Abandoning evil is great, and frugality is virtue.
Xu You was allowed to make concessions. Is there a lawsuit?
Always in love with Shang Tong, those sparse people will be happy.
Qiuluhang
However, in the twenty-two years of the Han dynasty, it was not good.
Wash the monkey and wear the crown, know the small and seek the edge.
Hesitant, afraid to break through, because the inaugural king.
Bai Hong is also the first to bear the brunt of Japan's infiltration.
Thieves and ministers hold the national handle to kill the Lord and destroy Yujing.
Swing through the emperor's inheritance, the ancestral temple was burned.
Spread all over the west and cry.
Looking at Belo City, I am very sad.
wine
For Jiuge, it is normal for officials to call the door.
The king is wise, and the prime minister is honest and kind.
Salt and ceremony, the people do not dispute.
Three years of ploughing has nine years of storage, and the grain is abundant.
Gray wasn't loaded.
Rain is like this, a hundred grains are used.
However, he took a horse and used it to fertilize his land.
Duke Hou Bozi, male, loves the people and is quiet and cheerful.
A son has a father and a brother.
If you violate etiquette, you will be punished according to the severity.
There is no privacy on the road.
Empty, the winter festival continues.
People will die when they are very old.
Ende extends to vegetation and insects.
Haolixing
The soldiers of the Kwantung Army rose up against the cruel people.
On the first day of the first date, General Ding Meng went to attack Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an.
Dong Zhuo's army came together, each with its own plans, looked at each other and refused to stand out.
These two sentences led to the battle of various armies, and then the armies of various armies killed each other.
Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and the emperor Yuan Shaomou carved the emperor in the north.
Because of the war, soldiers have long been unable to take off their battle clothes, their armor is covered with lice, and many people have died because of years of war.
The bones were bare in the field, and there was no one among them, and there was no crowing.
It is extremely sad to think that only one person in a hundred people is alive.
Moshangsang
Ride a rainbow, ride a red cloud and climb Yumen Pass.
When he arrived in Kunlun in cold weather, he saw the Queen Mother of the West named Dong Jun.
Make friends with Korean pine, admire the family and accept the spirit of unrequited love.
Eat Zhiying, drink Liquan, stick cassia twig and reward Qiu Lan.
If you are absolutely talented, you can swim in Hunyuan. If you swim in the high wind, you will be dancing.
The scene has not moved, and there are thousands of lines. Life is like Nanshan, and you will never forget it.
Short lines (two songs)
Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?
For example, morning dew is much more difficult to go to Japan.
Be generous, and your troubles will be unforgettable.
How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang.
Qingqing is your collar, YY is my miss.
But for your sake, Shen Yin has come a long way.
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan.
I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it?
The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off.
The weirder, the more useless.
Talk about the banquet and miss the old grace.
There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
Turn around the tree three times, what branches can you rely on?
The mountain is never too high, and the sea is never too deep.
The duke of Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart.
Secondly,
Zhou Xibochang, Huai Dede.
There are three points in the world and two points.
Cultivate contributions, and the Minister's Day is not long.
The worship of Hou Wei is based on detention.
After seeing the original forgiveness, he gave me an axe and a shovel, and I want to conquer.
As Zhong Ni said, to achieve virtue,
Let's serve Yin and talk about its beauty.
Qi Huan's contribution is the first of the tyrants.
Nine princes, one conquers the world.
Conquer the world, not with personnel carriers.
Without criticism, its virtue is to say.
Confucius sighed and said that the people benefited from it.
If you give it to the temple, you will die.
Xiaobai dare not, Tianwei is close at hand.
Jin Wen is also a tyrant, bowing to the king of heaven.
Thanks to Gui Jun, [He Ju] Guan Tong bowed,
Lu Gongya has 1,000 men and 300 warriors.
Conquering princes is respected by teachers.
The quartet heard of it and named it Ya Qi Huan.
The meeting of Heyang, pretending to be Zhou Wang, is famous.
Qiu Huxing (two songs)
It's hard to close the mountain in the morning!
It's hard to close the mountain in the morning!
Newton couldn't afford it, and the car fell into the valley.
Sit on the rock and play the five-string piano.
As a clear rhyme, I am very confused.
Song Biao Zhi, Shan Chen San.
What third husband came to me?
What third husband came to me?
Negative □ (the word "spelling" is changed to "combination" and the sound is "acting") is like a constant person.
What do you mean by Qingyun's bitterness and self-blame? Why did he come here?
Song speaks with ambition. What are three husbands?
I live in Kunlun Mountain, the so-called real person.
I live in Kunlun Mountain, the so-called real person.
The depth of the Tao can be obtained.
Famous mountains and historic sites, octupole tourism, gargling with pillows and drinking spring water.
Shen Yin hesitated, so he ascended to heaven.
I live in Kunlun Mountain.
If you can't catch up, long hatred will lead to climbing.
If you can't catch up, long hatred will lead to climbing.
Sleep soundly every night and feel sorry for yourself.
Correct but not arrogant, words and expressions depend on the reason.
All the classics handed down are handed down from the west.
Song expresses ambition, which cannot be pursued.
Cao Cao's "A Short Song Xing" has been handed down to later generations, and here is the first one.
Short Songs is an ancient China song (Song of Le Shu), which belongs to the level tone. The ancient word is dead. Yuefu is divided into "Long song" and "short songs", which are generally considered to refer to the length of songs. A Qing Zhu said in "Preface to Yuefu": "A song is short and elegant." Point out that this is a song for banquet occasions. Cao Cao's "Short Songs" is a lyric poem, which expresses the feeling that the years have flown by, reveals the nostalgia for friends and the thirst for talents, and shows great ambition to make contributions.
At the beginning, it reads: "What is the geometry of drinking life? For example, Chaolu is much more difficult to go to Japan. " "Dang" also means "right". This is the same as Zhang's poem "DuiJiu". "Going to Japan" refers to the lost years. These four words are: at the moment when I was full of wine and food, I felt that life was like an easy morning dew, and the lost years were too painful. The implication is that the remaining years are getting less and less.
Then I wrote: "I am generous and unforgettable (editor's note:" trouble "in the textbook). How to solve your worries? Only Du Kang. " "Generosity" is the interval usage of "generosity", which was written because of the requirements of four-character poems and Ye Yun's sake, and used to describe the excitement of singing. "Meditation" refers to the songs hidden in the heart and the worries hidden in the heart. "Thinking" is pronounced as a noun. The word "forget" rhymes and is pronounced as a rising tone. According to legend, "Du Kang" was the inventor of brewing, from the era of the Yellow Emperor to the Zhou Dynasty. Here as a synonym for wine. These four sentences are: the singing is so intense and generous because there are hidden reasons in the deep heart. What is used to drive away troubles and solve them? I have to drown my sorrows in wine.
At first glance, we seem to feel a little depressed about the above eight sentences, but we are not. Living in troubled times, the poet witnessed the people's drift from place to place, eager to make contributions but unable to get them, and could not help feeling depressed. However, this kind of depression and emotion can only be produced by those who are persistent in pursuing their careers and ideals, and those who are dissatisfied with reality and take the initiative to ask for a change in reality. It is absolutely different from the decadence and sentimentality of the declining class. Therefore, we say that the poet's anguish and emotion are just the protagonist's anguish and emotion, which is a kind of sadness of martyrs (Cao Zhi's See English Six: "Martyrs are even sadder." ) is the hidden worry of a strong man (Cao Zhi's "Zhang Sentence": "Who knows the worry of a strong man?" ) has its positive significance.
Poetry then gets down to business. It is written like this: "The green and purple stripes are leisurely in my heart. But for your sake, I've thought it over. A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a guest, blowing sheng. " This is a collar. "Youth" is the dress of students in the Zhou Dynasty, and it is synonymous with the wise here. "Youyou", long appearance, describes long-term missing. The phrase "green and sweet, lingering in my heart" is quoted from The Book of Songs Zheng Feng Sweet. "Jun" here refers to the talents you admire. "Thinking" means humming, expressing your thoughts by humming in a low voice. "Yo yo" describes the sound of deer barking. "Apple" means mugwort. "Drum" means beating. The following four sentences from Yo Yo Luming Literature are quoted from The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature. Luming Literature was originally a banquet poem to express the poet's enthusiasm for recruiting talented people. These eight sentences are: handsome men and talented women, I have missed you for a long time. Because of you, I haven't forgotten it yet. The deer is chirping. They get together to call their friends and eat wormwood in the country. If I have a room full of guests, I will welcome them with blowing sheng.
The poem goes on to say, "As clear as the bright moon, when can I forget it?" ? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. The weirder, the more useless. Talk about it, and remember the past. ""hey ",pick up and pick up. "Quit" means stop. Both Qian and Mo are field paths, and the north and south are called Qian and the east and west are called Mo. There is an old saying in Ying Shao's "Pass" that "the more you cross the street, the more you are the guest host". The previous sentence quoted here refers to the guests coming from afar. "Waste", waste driving, condescending. "Saving by" means "means looking at the province and asking questions. "Misuse of coexistence" means condescending to ask questions. Qi kuo ",that is, caring for each other and caring for each other, can be extended to reunion after a long separation." This is a joint phrase, which is used as a compound word here. It has a biased meaning and takes the meaning of "wide", that is, long separation. "Speaking freely" means that two people are congenial and talk about feasting together. Old love "refers to past friendship." Here, the poet vividly compares the search for talents to the elusive moon, which shows the anguish and anxiety of seeking talents; The wise man has been, and is in heaven, very happy. These eight sentences say: a wise man is like a bright moon, which cannot be picked, and a wise man is rare. My worries come from my heart, and I can hardly rest. Once the wise men come to pay their respects after a long journey, we should hold a banquet and sing together to show that the old feelings have not been forgotten. That's what poets do. In just eight poems, he showed the joys and sorrows in the process of seeking sages in a tortuous way. The image is so vivid and touching!
"Short Song" then wrote below: "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can I rely on? " "Turn", the meaning of Zhou and Yuan. The moon is bright, the stars are thin at night, and blackbirds fly south. They circled around the tree, not knowing which branch to hang on. Some people think that this is the poet's metaphor of human exile with black magpie; Some people even said, "Look at the meaning of poetry. At that time, there must have been a floating population who moved to the south without his invitation, so they entrusted the matter to poetry." (See Fu Changjun's Trial Interpretation of Cao Cao's Short Songs). We think that the theme of the poem is not so concentrated and prominent, and it seems to be suspected of splitting the poem. Shen Deqian's words have some truth. In the source of ancient poetry, he said: "There is nothing to rely on in the four sentences of' moon stars are rare'." More accurately, this is a metaphor for sages, to the effect that sages are looking for a foothold, but where are their reliable foothold?
At the end of the poem, I wrote: "The mountain will never be too high, and the water will never be too deep. Duke Zhou vomited, and the world returned to the heart. " "disgust", disgust, satisfaction. The phrase "the mountain is not too high" comes from "Guanzi Situation Solution": "The sea does not hesitate to water, so it can become big; Mountains don't care about earth and stone, so they can be high; A master never tires of others, so he can become a crowd; Scholars never tire of learning, so they can become saints. " "Duke Zhou" was a politician in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. His surname was Ji, and he was a famous Dan. He helped his younger brother destroy the business. He contributed to the unification of the country and the development of China culture. The classic "Duke of Zhou vomited food" was first published in the Biography of Han Poetry. The three volumes of Han Shi Zhuan contain the words of Duke Zhou: "I am not light on the world! However, if you hold it for three times and vomit for three times, you still fear losing the people of the world. " There is a similar record in Historical Records Biography of Duke Zhou of Lu: "Duke Zhou said:' I am not inferior to the world, but I hold it three times and spit it three times, lest I lose my sages in the world. "One bath, three hugs, one meal, three spits and feeds" means that I am too busy entertaining visiting sages to even have time to take a shower or eat. I wring my long hair out many times when I take a shower, and spit out the food in my mouth many times when I eat. Later described as "sucking and shaking hands", I was worried that I could not recruit talents. The mountain is not satisfied with its height, and the water does not dislike its depth. As long as you are as courteous as Duke Zhou, you can conquer the hearts of people all over the world. Here, the poet uses the phrase "the mountain will never be too high" to compare the more wise people, the better. Compared with Duke Zhou, he showed a desire to seek talents to unify the world.
Cao Cao's great ambition deserves full affirmation. During the Three Kingdoms period, warlords were separated, and war disasters continued year after year, which greatly damaged productivity. People are suffering from displacement and facing death threats, especially in the Central Plains. Cao Cao's "Good Li Xing" had a true portrayal of this. The poem says: "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there is no cock crow for thousands of miles. There are hundreds of people who have left behind, and their thoughts are broken. " At that time, it was the general trend and imperative to demand an end to the dispute as soon as possible. Cao Cao is a hero who conforms to the trend of the times and shoulders the great cause of reunification. So we say that his grand ideal in "A Short Song" is in line with the people's consent. This is also the ideological essence of this poem.
Short songs are also very artistic.
The first is the combination of expression and lyricism. Expressing one's feelings is the keynote and soul of this poem. It strengthens the content of the poem and makes it more thick; It determines the theme of the poem and makes it more profound. However, if the expression of ambition is not supplemented by necessary lyric, it is easy to fall into the "wordless quality" like Ban Gu's poem "Ode to History". And the lyricism of this poem, to a great extent, has played an artistic effect of strengthening the appeal of the work. This also reflects the characteristics of Jian 'an literature, that is, "writing with emotion and writing with quality" (Biography of Shen Yue Song Xie Shu Lingyun). This artistic feature is original and completely different from the literature of Han writers.
Secondly, the language is simple and implicit. For example, in this poem, there are two quotations from the Book of Songs, one from an old proverb, and two quotations from ancient books such as Guanzi and Han Shichuan, which express more complicated ideological content and make this poem more refined and implicit. In addition, the use of a large number of rhetorical sentences such as "Life Geometry", "How to solve worries", "When to forget" and "What to rely on" has played a very good role in inspiring readers to associate and think, making poetry more meaningful. As far as this poem is concerned, four words, four sentences and one rhyme are used alternately, and each sentence is neat and harmonious, which can give readers visual and auditory beauty and undoubtedly enhance the artistry of the work.
In a word, Cao Cao's Short Songs has a healthy mood and positive content, and the enterprising spirit shown in the poem can give people inspiring power; Art can also let us enjoy beauty. It can be regarded as one of his masterpieces.