jì fú yóu yú tiān dì miǎo cāng hǎi zhī yī sù.
From Su Shi's "Chibi Fu" (also known as "Chibi Fu")
Original text:
In the autumn of Renxu, in July, Su Zi Go boating with guests under Red Cliff. The breeze comes slowly and the water waves are calm. Lifting wine to guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters. After a while, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. White dew flows across the river, and the water reaches the sky. Even though a reed is like this, thousands of hectares are at a loss. The vastness is like Feng Xu riding the wind without knowing where it stops; the flutteringness is like being left alone in the world, becoming immortal and ascending to immortality.
So they drank and had a lot of fun, and sang along to the boat. The song goes: "The osmanthus sticks are covered with orchid oars, hitting the sky is bright and tracing the stream of light. It is dim and vague, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." There is a guest who plays the cave flute, and he sings along with it. His voice was whining, like resentment, admiration, weeping, and complaining; the lingering sound was lingering like a wisp. The lurking dragon dances in the secluded ravine, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat.
Su Zi was stunned. He sat upright and asked the guest: "Why is this so?" The guest said: "The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south. Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking west to Xiakou , Looking east to Wuchang, the mountains and rivers are close to each other, and the sky is green. Isn't this what Meng De was trapped in Zhou Lang? The river is crossed and a poem is written, and the hero of the whole life is here; now he is safe! Kuang Wu and his son are fishing and woodcutting on the river, hanging out with fish and shrimps, and making friends with elk, riding a small boat, and sending wine to each other. Mayflies in the sky are like droplets in the vast sea. I mourn the brief moment of my life and envy the infiniteness of the Yangtze River.
In the autumn of the Renxu year, Su Shi and his friends were there. We were boating under the red cliff. The breeze was blowing and the water was calm. I raised my wine glass to toast my companions and chanted poems praising the bright moon. After a while, the bright moon rose from behind the east mountain and lingered. Between Dou Su and Niu Su, the white mist stretches across the river, and the clear water reaches the sky.
Let the boat drift everywhere, riding on the vast expanse of river. The wind (on the river) is everywhere, and I don't know where it will stop. I feel so light that I feel like I am about to leave the world and fly away, like a Taoist who has transformed into an immortal.
I feel happy while drinking. Get up, knock on the side of the boat, beat the rhythm with your fingers, and sing in response to the sound: "The osmanthus wooden boat beats the pandan oar, against the clear waves, and against the floodlight of the flowing water." My heart is far away, and I long for my beloved to be at the end of the world."
My companion played the flute and accompanied the song according to the rhythm. The flute whined: it sounded like resentment and admiration, like weeping and low. The lingering sound echoed on the river, making the dragons in the deep valley dance and the widows on the boat weeping.
Su Shi also looked sad. After adjusting his clothes and sitting up straight, he asked his companions: "Why is the flute sounding so plaintive? "The companion replied: "'The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south.' Isn't this a poem by Cao Gong Mengde?
Here you can see Xiakou to the east and Wuchang to the west. Mountains and rivers are bounded by endless mountains and rivers, and it is lush and green as far as the eye can see. Isn't this the place where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? When he captured Jingzhou and captured Jiangling, he sailed eastward along the Yangtze River. His warships stretched for thousands of miles, and his flags covered the sky. He drank wine by the river, turned his spear horizontally, recited poems, and composed poems. He was truly a leader of his time. A heroic figure and where is he today?
Not to mention that you and I were fishing and cutting firewood on Shuizhu by the river, keeping company with fish and shrimps, and being friends with elk, driving this small boat (on the river), raising cups to each other Toasting is like a mayfly in the vast world, as small as a grain of chestnut in the sea. Alas, I lament that life is only a short moment, and I can't help but envy the Yangtze River for its endless envy. ”
Extended information
Appreciation:
Su Shi, who was unjustly wronged and imprisoned, was demoted to Fortunately, the local officials in Huangzhou admired his personality and talents, and not only did not control him, but also often allowed him to enjoy the mountains and rivers in the area. Su Dongpo, who was passionate and happy, would visit every place he visited. There are poems and essays that record the prosperity. "Qian Chibi Ode" and "Post Chibi Ode" are immortal masterpieces from this period.
Most of the author's previous travel notes and prose were written about the scenery or about the travel. The poems mainly use scenes to express emotions, but many of Dongpo's proses have created a new way of writing. In these articles, the author does not focus on describing scenes, but mainly uses topics to express his opinions and make arguments based on scenes. The unique style runs through the lines. "Qian Chibi Ode" is a representative work of this new type of travel notes.
In the fifth year of Yuanfeng of Song Dynasty (1082), it was the early autumn of the third year of Su Shi's exile in Huangzhou. He and his friends took a small boat and came to the Yangtze River at the foot of Red Cliff in Huanggang to enjoy the moon. The bright moon reflected on the calm river, a cool breeze blew slowly, and the river was filled with white dew.
The scenery of the water and the mountains reflected the moonlight in the sky. The host and the guest were drinking in the boat. After the wine was full and their ears were warm, they sang songs along the side of the boat to the melancholy sound of the cave flute. The sound of the flute evokes the guests' nostalgia for the past and their sighs about life, and the article changes from emotion to reason, from emotional expression to philosophical expression, and then uses Su Zi's answers to reveal the main theme of the full text, "change" The "unchanged" theory and the view that "everything has its own owner" are like a "stunned" panacea, making the guests finally "laugh with joy".
The whole text of "Qian Chibi Fu" is linked by scenery. "Wind" and "Moon" are the main scenery, supplemented by "Mountain" and "Water". The whole text closely follows the wind and moon to describe and describe. talk. The book opens with the scene of wind and moon, and the images of wind and moon are repeatedly reproduced in the text. The phrase "strike the sky and trace the flowing light" in the song is a transition from scenery to theory. The guest's sadness originated from Cao Cao's "moon and stars are sparse", and finally "embracing the bright moon and ending up", and "leaving its legacy to the sad wind" are still inseparable from the two words "wind" and "moon". Su Zi's answer also comes from the perspective of the breeze and the bright moon:
Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears and become sounds, and the eyes can form colors when they encounter them. There is no restriction on taking them and using them. The inexhaustibility is the endless treasure of the Creator, and this is what I and my son are most comfortable with.
The coherence of the scenery not only makes the whole text seem to be one and exquisite and meticulous in structure, but also communicates the emotional context and ups and downs of the whole text. The scene description at the beginning is the author's open-minded and optimistic appearance; "singing while leaning on the side of the boat" is born from the "empty" and "streaming light" scenery, and is the transition from "joyful" to "stunned"; The guest expressed his sorrow in the wind and moon, and his mood turned into a low and negative mood;
In the end, the bright moon and the breeze in front of him led to discussions on the variation of all things and the philosophy of life, thus dispelling the sentimentality in his heart. The repeated interspersing of scenery does not give people the feeling of repetition and procrastination at all. Instead, it expresses the waxing and waning of the characters' sadness and joy while reproducing the changing process of the author's ambivalence, and finally achieves the perfect unity of the poetic and artistic meaning of the full text and the theoretical interest of the argument.
The reason why "Qian Chibi Fu" is said to be the representative work of Su Shi's prose is because this article almost covers all the main stylistic features of Su Shi's prose. Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, many literati have pointed out that Su Wen's style is "tide-like" and "bo", while some say it is "sweaty", "smooth", and "surges thousands of miles, pure and powerful", which is indeed the case. It makes sense, but it's not comprehensive or precise enough.
Judging from "Qian Chibi Fu", Su Wen's style is a kind of free and bold, unbridled and vigorous masculine beauty. Regardless of reasoning, narrative, or lyricism, the article can "give shape to the object" and exhaust the form. When writing about happiness, it can become an immortal and float away from the world; when describing sadness, it can also hold a dragon. , the weeping wife is compared; and Su Wen's free and lively and smooth writing is not difficult to find in "Qian Chibi Fu", such as "Fang Qi broke through Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, followed the river to the east, sailed thousands of miles, and carried flags." Covering the sky, drinking wine by the river, writing poems across the river, I am a hero for a lifetime, and now I am safe!" Such sentences are really in one go, like "moving clouds and flowing water", flowing freely.
As for the concise and vivid language and the concise and sincere words, it can be mentioned in the article without any effort. The word "wandering" in "wandering between bullfights" and the word "miao" in "a drop in the ocean" are all very precise, and read like the sound of metal and stone. The article "Former Chibi Fu" also fully reflects the natural, easy and clear characteristics of Su Shi's prose. That pure and natural beauty has brought unforgettable artistic enjoyment to countless readers throughout the ages.