Yuan Haowen, courtesy name Yuzhi, nicknamed Yishan, was from Xiurong, Taiyuan (today's Xinzhou, Shanxi Province). He was a descendant of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Yuan Haowen adopted his uncle Yuan Ge. He was able to write poems at the age of seven. At the age of fourteen, he studied under Hao Tianting and achieved success in six years. In the fifth year of Xingding (1221), he was selected as a Jinshi. In the first year of Zhengda (1224), he was awarded the title of Scholar in the Department of Hongci and was appointed as the editor of the Academy of National History. He was the magistrate of Zhenping, Nanyang and Neixiang counties. In the autumn of the eighth year (1231), he was ordered to enter the capital. In addition to the ministers of Shengpu and Zuosi, he was transferred to the post of wailang. After the death of Jin Dynasty, he was not an official. In the seventh year of Yuan Xianzong's reign, he died in Huolu's residence. His poems and essays were written in Jin and Yuan Dynasties. The poems are written in a melancholy style and are often sentimental and sentimental. The thirty quatrains of his "On Poetry" are quite important in the history of Chinese literary criticism; he wrote "Yishan Collection", also known as "Collected Works of Mr. Yishan", and edited "Zhongzhou Collection". Yuan Haowen's anecdotes and allusions
Poetic Madman will laugh at the mountains one day
Before his death, Yuan Haowen asked his descendants to inscribe only seven words on his tombstone: "The poet Yuan Haowen "The Tomb of Good Questions" shows that he attaches great importance to and affirms his poetry creation, and the sentence "The poet will laugh at the mountains one day, and the rice will laugh at Du Fu" even more shows his extreme confidence in his poetic talent.
Yuan Haowen (1190-1257), courtesy name Yuzhi, had studied in Yishan (now northeast of Dingxiang County, Shanxi), so he named himself Yishan. During the Jin Dynasty, Taiyuan Xiurong (now Xinzhou, Shanxi) ) was born in an official family, and his ancestors came from the Tuoba family in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He was extremely smart since he was a child. He was reading at the age of four and could compose poetry at the age of eight. At the age of fourteen, he became a disciple of Hao Tianting, a famous scholar in Lingchuan. After six years of intensive study, he studied ancient classics, became proficient in hundreds of schools of thought, and acquired a high degree of literary accomplishment. Yuan Haowen wrote more than 5,000 poems in his life, of which 1,388 are extant, and 384 words are extant.
Yuan Haowen's literary achievements are most prominent in his poetry creation, and his "Sangluan Poetry" established his status in literary history. These poems were written before and after the fall of the Jin Dynasty. They mainly include three poems from "Qi Yang", five poems from "Renchen's Driving Cars and Hunting in the Twelve Months", fifteen poems from "Hai Hai Style Snow Fragrance Pavilion Miscellaneous Odes", Three pieces of "Guisi Crossing the North on May 3rd", ten pieces of "Xiao Niang's Song", etc. These poems extensively and profoundly reflect the reality of the ruin of the country and the family, and have historical significance. Yuan Haowen's "Poems of Sangluan" are rare after Du Fu in terms of artistic generalization and emotional sincerity. But unlike Du Fu, he still had hope for the country's rejuvenation. He was both desperate and unwilling. His depressed emotions broke out into elegies, which were very infectious, and these "poems of mourning" set off a new wave of poetry after Du Fu. Another masterpiece of realistic poetic style. For example, Part 2 of "Qiyang": "The grass in the Baierguan River is not horizontal, and the army has been hiding in Qinjing for ten years. There is no letter from Qiyang to the west, and the Long River flows eastward to hear the cries. The wild vines are full of love lingering in the bones of the war, and the setting sun has no intention of shining on the empty city." Who can I ask Cang Cang to send Chiyou to serve as the five soldiers?" Another example is "Guisi Crossing the North on May 3rd": "There are many prisoners lying on the roadside, and the carriages are like water in the past. Hongpin weeps and follows the Uighur horses, for whom. "When I look back, the wooden Buddha in the camp is worth less than firewood, and the bells of great music are all over the city. Don't ask me how many looters there are. The big ships are coming to Bianjing." All living things are gone, but there are only a few broken houses and scattered smoke. "Every word is filled with blood and tears, and every word is full of grief and anger. Just as Zhao Yi, a great writer and historian of the Qing Dynasty, said in "Poems on Remaining Mountains": "The country is unlucky and the poet is lucky, and he has to write a sentence about the vicissitudes of life." It is the broken mountains and rivers and the poet's worries that created these unparalleled works. work.
Of course, Yuan Haowen also wrote a lot of landscape poems. The overall style of this kind of poems is bold, elegant, and unobtrusive, and there are many famous lines. For example, "Traveling in Huanghua Mountain": "The sound of turbulence turned into a ravine, and the snowy air followed the cold wind. The stream hanging thousands of feet suddenly caught my eye, and my heart was washed away. The thunderous thunder scattered the flying hail, and the sun's feet shot down the rainbow. Li Zhu. A hundred dendrobiums are poured out, and the sea treasury overturns Lord Chou Long." The poet wrote about the wonders of the Huanghua Mountain Waterfall with majestic and powerful strokes, giving people a majestic and bold feeling. In addition, Yuan Haowen also wrote some poems on paintings in his later period. These poems are short and concise, with profound artistic conception. They are often based on the theme, are tasteful, and fully set off the connotation of the paintings. For example, "Picture of Dawn on the Autumn River": "The sheep's intestines can't move forward after a hundred turns, and the years are fleeting with the wheel of the cart. It's good to draw a picture to envy the small boat, thousands of miles of clear river and thousands of miles of sky." It can be seen from the poem that the content of the painting is the boundless autumn river. , Bianzhou Xiaofa, but the poet only used this picture as an introduction, and took the difficult road and the difficult life as the real object of the chant, which expanded the artistic conception and connotation of the painting a lot.
Yuan Haowen has 384 preserved poems, which are called "Yishan Yuefu". Many later generations of researchers love his poetry. For example, Weng Fanggang believes that Yuan Haowen's poetry is more elegant than Lu You's; Liu Xizai calls Yuan Haowen's poetry "a culmination of the two Song dynasties", which is both bold and graceful. Style; Guo Xiangsheng, a modern scholar, commented on Yuan Haowen in "Lei Cases of Ancient Literary Writers": "Yishan's writing is magnificent and absorbs thousands of streams. The forty-volume collection of his works is comparable to the "History of the Jin Dynasty"." It should be. He said that although these evaluations may seem exaggerated, they also show that Yuan Haowen's Ci has indeed reached a certain level. He has been writing lyrics since his youth, and he did not give up in his later years. In terms of style, taking the fall of the Jin Dynasty as the boundary, the early period is heroic and bold, and the later period is desolate and deep.
Yuan Haowen not only had a profound foundation in poetry, but also claimed to have a "sparse hand in poetry." "On" almost summarizes various styles and important poets since the Han Dynasty. All the comments are concentrated in seven-character poems. The comments are not only accurate but also brilliant in literary talent. "Using poems to discuss poems" continues Du Fu's style. That year, he was only twenty-eight years old.
However, whether it is Yuan Haowen's poetry or his poetic theory, the public knows very little except for specialized scholars and those who love him. In the minds of most people, this generation of literary leaders, just like the troubled times he lived in, is just a vague historical image.
Gou Ting Ye Shi Yi Bu Yi
Due to his remarkable literary achievements, Yuan Haowen occupies an important position in the literary history of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In fact, Yuan Haowen's poems are not only literary, but also epic; he is also proficient in history, and while being a literati, he made an indelible contribution to the compilation of "Jin Shi". The Jin Dynasty was a dynasty established by the Jurchens, a minority ethnic group in ancient my country, that was famous for its outstanding civility and governance. The era in which Yuan Haowen lived was the era when the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Jin Dynasty, the northern ethnic minorities merged with the Han nationality, the northern culture and the Central Plains culture exchanged, and northern literature and southern literature were transplanted. During this period, Yuan Haowen wrote many expositions such as "Zhongzhou Collection", "Renchen Miscellaneous Collection", "Xu Yi Jian Zhi" and "Collected Works of Mr. Yuan Yishan", all of which incorporated history into the text and provided insights into the people of the Yuan Dynasty. The revision of "Jin History" played an important role.
During the Xingding period of Jin Xuanzong (1217-1221), Yuan Haowen had gradually emerged in the literary world. At the same time, Yuan Haowen had also been involved in history. Knowing that things in the Qin Dynasty are getting more and more familiar, every time I hear about the Zhou and Han capitals and the scenery of Lantian and Dujian, my face will be full of joy." It is also said that "when you look at the beauty of mountains and rivers and examine the relics of past lives, you can almost live up to the expectations of the ancients." In April of the second year of Tianxing (1233), after Yuan Haowen and some other officials were detained by the Mongolian army in Liaocheng (today's Liaocheng, Shandong), his most concerned thing was to record the historical facts of the late Jin Dynasty. In 1239, the old dynasty died and a new court was established. Yuan Haowen, who had been detained in Liaocheng, Shandong for 6 years, regained his freedom and returned to Xinzhou. Finally, he made up his mind to "build a pavilion at home and write on it, so it was called "Unofficial History"." After many years of running around, he accumulated a large amount of information on the last words and deeds of the Jin Dynasty kings and ministers, which was later called "Jin Yuan". Records of the words and deeds of monarchs and ministers." With the purpose of "preserving history through poetry", he edited it into "Zhongzhou Collection". This is a collection of poems from the Jin Dynasty. It not only includes 2,116 poems by poets and poets of the Jin Dynasty who he knew were deceased or who were not serving in Mongolia, including the two emperors of the Jin Dynasty, ministers and common people ( Among them, there are 2,001 poems and 115 lyrics), and more than 250 biographies were written for each author, filling a gap in the history of Chinese literature. "History of Jin? Yiwenzhuan" was written based on it, and the later "Poetry of Jin" was naturally supplemented on its basis. At the same time, "Zhongzhou Collection" also provides rich information for the history of the Jin Dynasty. Yuan Haowen always respected historical facts, did not follow current customs, and wrote straightly. Later generations of scholars unanimously believed that "History of the Jin Dynasty" was closely related to Yuan Haowen. The "General Catalog of Sikuquanshu" stated that "many books were written by him". Yuan Haowen's method of compiling history after the death of a country was mostly imitated by later generations.
The Yeshi Pavilion has been famous for a long time. Over the past eight hundred years, people from Daya Hongda often paid homage to it or repaired it, leaving many poems and inscriptions. However, as early as the early years of the Republic of China, the president of the Shanxi Education Association Liang Shanji sighed, "Today the pavilion is so sparse, how its name does not match its reality." Now, another hundred years have passed and it has become even more decadent. In the midst of decadence, only forgetfulness remains. Character's life
Family background
According to legend, his ancestor was the son of Tuoba Tao, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (one said he was King Tuoba Han of Qin, another said he was King Tuoba Yu of Nan'an). . His ancestors moved south from Pingcheng (today's Datong City) to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen, and changed their surname to Yuan during Emperor Xiaowen's sinicization reform. After the split of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the household registration was settled in Ruzhou (now Linru County, Henan Province). After the Five Dynasties period, he moved from Henan to Pingding Prefecture (today's Pingding County, Shanxi Province). His great ancestor Yuanyi served as the military envoy of Shenwu (Tiger) in Xinzhou during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1119-1125). The great-grandfather Yuanchun (first as Chun) served as the regiment training envoy of Xizhou (governing present-day Xi County, Shanxi Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He also moved from Pingding to Xinzhou and became a native of Xinzhou. His grandfather, Yuan Zishan, was appointed as the Prime Minister of Roufu (near Tuoketuo, Tumed Right Banner, Inner Mongolia today) in the second year of Zhenglong (1157), King Hailing of the Jin Dynasty. His father, Yuan Deming, failed many imperial examinations and made a profession of teaching rural studies. He usually entertained himself with poetry and wine, and wrote "Dongyan Collection".
Traveling around the world
On July 8, the first year of Mingchang reign of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty (August 10, 1190), Yuan Haowen was born in a scholar-bureaucrat family in rural Xinzhou. Since neither his second uncle nor his third uncle had sons, Yuan Haowen had three brothers, and he was the third. Based on Chinese tradition, his uncle Yuan Ge (later Yuan Haowen called him the Lord of Longcheng Prefecture) regarded him as his stepson when he was seven months old, and immediately took him to serve as the magistrate of Ye County.
According to records, Yuan Haowen was talented and intelligent. He could write poetry at the age of seven and was hailed as a "child prodigy". When he was eleven years old, Yuan Ge took up a post in Jizhou. Yuan Haowen was appreciated by Lu Ze, a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy and a scholar at Wengu Academy, who "loved his handsomeness and taught him literature." When he was fourteen years old, Yuan Haowen studied under Hao Jinqing, a native of Lingchuan. He was well versed in classics and history and had experience in hundreds of schools of thought.
When Yuan Haowen was seventeen years old, Yuan Ge was dismissed from the post of Lingchuan County Magistrate. However, he continued to live in Lingchuan for the sake of his son's study. It was not until Yuan Haowen completed his studies at the age of nineteen that he took his family to leave Lingchuan. Sichuan.
Frustration in the imperial examination
Yuan Haowen began to take the imperial examination at the age of sixteen. Since Jin Zhangzong was "exempted from the provincial examination" in the first year of Mingchang (1190), he went directly to Bingzhou to take the provincial examination, but he failed to make the list. Later, when he was nineteen years old in the eighth year of Taihe (1208), he went to Chang'an to take the imperial examination again, but failed again this time.
Yuan Haowen returned to his hometown when he was twenty-one years old and studied in Yishan, Dingxiang, dozens of miles away from the ancestral hall, so he called himself "Yishan Mountain Man". Two years later, the Mongolian army raided Xiurong and massacred more than 100,000 people in the city. His brother Yuan Haogu was killed. To avoid the war, Yuan Haowen moved his family to Fuchang, Henan, and later to Dengfeng.
In the first year of Chongqing (1212) of King Wei Shao, Yuan Haowen went to Zhongdu (today's Beijing) to take the exam for the third time, but still failed. In the first month of this year, the Jin Dynasty's 300,000-strong army was defeated by Mongolia. Mongolia was approaching Zhongdu. The bumpy road, the national crisis, and the failure of the exam made him feel very depressed and worried.
In the second year of Zhenyou (1214), the Mongolian soldiers besieged and the Jin soldiers retreated steadily. Jin Xuanzong moved the capital to Nanjing in a hurry. Yuan Haowen went to Bianjing in the summer of this year to prepare for the examination to be held in the autumn. Although he failed the exam again, he passed the exam in Bianliang and was able to make friends with celebrities and dignitaries in the court, such as Zhao Bingwen, Yang Yunyi, Lei Yuan, Li Yan, etc., and created a lot of poems. Among them, "Jishan" and "Qintai of Yuanlu County" were highly praised by Zhao Bingwen, who was the Minister of Rites at that time. His writings were famous in the capital and he was known as the "talented scholar of the Yuan Dynasty". But soon due to the siege by Mongolian soldiers, Yuan Haowen had to flee from Shanxi to Henan, and gradually settled down in western Henan. In the fifth year of Zhenyou's reign (1217), 28-year-old Yuan Haowen went to Beijing to take the exam again, but still failed.
A bumpy official career
In the fifth year of Xingding (1221), the 32-year-old Yuan Haowen passed the imperial examination. Due to a dispute in the examination room, he was framed as a "Yuan clan member" ", then angrily refused to accept the appointment. Three more years later, when he was thirty-five years old, Yuan Haowen received another tribute examination from Zhao Bingwen and others, and passed the imperial examination with excellent results. After being promoted to the Hongci Department, Yuan Haowen was formally elected and appointed editor of the Quanguo History Academy. He stayed in Bianjing, but his life was quite poor.
In the second year of Emperor Aizong's reign (1225), 36-year-old Yuan Haowen took a long leave and returned to Dengfeng because he was dissatisfied with his life as a cold official. During this period, he wrote an important work "Du Poetry", which included Du Fu's biography, chronology and comments on Du Fu's poems since the Tang Dynasty.
In the third year of Zhengda (1226), Yuan Haowen was appointed magistrate of Zhenping County, Henan. The following year, he changed his official position to the county magistrate of Neixiang, Henan Province. Soon after his mother Zhang died and his eldest son was born, Yuan Haowen and Ding You lived in Bailuyuan, Neixiang. At the invitation of Dengzhou Commander Yi Ciyuan, he went to serve as a staff member. Soon, the Mongolian army captured Fengxiang, Deng Zhoushuai surrendered, and Yuan Haowen took the opportunity to resign from the shogunate.
In the eighth year of Zhengda (1231), Yuan Haowen was transferred to Nanyang County Magistrate. During his tenure, he carried out drastic reforms and achieved remarkable results. Therefore, Henan chronicles say that he "knows Nanyang County well and is particularly good at good governance." "Nanyang County Chronicles" records: "Nanyang County has more than 100,000 soldiers and civilians, and (Yuan Haowen) the commander-in-chief has ordered the governor to suppress and pacify the county, which is very powerful."
Imprisoned after the death of the country
Shortly thereafter, Yuan Haowen went to Beijing to transfer money to the central government. He was appointed as Shangshu and provincial magistrate, and moved to Bianjing. After that, he was promoted to the governor of Zuosi, and then transferred to Yuanwailang, Zuosi of Shangshu Province. When he reached the Imperial Academy, he knew how to make imperial edicts.
In the second year of Tianxing (1233), the Mongolian army besieged Kaifeng, and Yuan Haowen was under siege. Jin Aizong escaped from the capital and fled to Guide Mansion after defeating Weizhou. There was no master in the court, so Cui Li led his troops to ask Mongolia to surrender the city. After Cui Li surrendered to Mongolia, he coerced the courtiers to erect a monument to praise him. Yuan Haowen, Wang Ruoxu, Liu Qi, etc. were all forced to participate in writing the inscription, erasing the handwriting of the "Manna Stele" erected by Song Huizong and carving the inscription on it.
In April of the second year of Tianxing (1233), Mongolian soldiers captured Bianjing. Yuan Haowen recommended fifty-four Central Plains scholars Wang Ruoxu and others to Yelu Chucai, who was then the Secretary of the Mongolian Kingdom. , please protect and appoint Yelu Chucai. After the death of the Jin Dynasty, Yuan Haowen was captured along with a large number of officials of the Jin Dynasty, and was taken to Liaocheng, Shandong, where he was guarded for two years, and later lived in Guanshi County. As a prisoner, Yuan Haowen and his family traveled to Liaocheng, Shandong and other places, and gradually established relationships with Yan Shi and Zhao Tianxi, the leaders of the Han army in Mongolia. His life gradually improved and he could move more freely.
During this period, he was saddened by the fall of the Jin Kingdom and the traitors who misled the country. In order to preserve history with poetry, he diligently edited the "Zhongzhou Collection", a collection of poems by the late kings and ministers of the Jin Kingdom. The collection named "Zhongzhou" contains the deep meaning of remembering the motherland and using gold as its orthodoxy. Achievements
Poetry
Yuan Haowen is a talented and versatile writer. He had almost all the literary forms at that time, such as: poems, lyrics, songs, tunes, poems, novels, traditional Be proficient in treatises, notes, tables, essays, tablets, inscriptions, praises, annals, tablets, prefaces, quotations, odes, books, commentaries, postscripts, statements, Qingci, as well as official documents such as imperial edicts, systems, imperial edicts, and public notices. ,ease-of-use.
The most important characteristics of Yuan Haowen's works are realistic content, sincere feelings, and beautiful language without being flashy.
His contemporaries and later generations all spoke highly of his poetry.
His friend Xu Shilong said of him: "As for poetry and prose, they all have considerable standards, and the style has completely changed. Compared with Li and Du, the ancestors of Yishan poetry, they have profound rhythms and boldness. The spirit of the past: Wenzong, Han and Europe, are upright and clear, without any obscure words; Yuefu is fresh and dull, leisurely and bright, and the system is the most prepared. It's wonderful, it doesn't matter whether it's Dongpo or Jiaxuan." Another friend of his, Li Ye, even praised him as "the descendant of the two Lis (Li Bai and Li Yong)".
To preserve history through poetry, it is impossible to extract all the essence. When it comes to self-composed works, the imagery is profound and the style is superior. It does not have the habits of those who traveled to the south of the Song Dynasty, nor does it suffer from the rough and rough style of Jiangxi. When it comes to ancient prose, it is strict and rigorous. All styles are well prepared, and the works on the tablets and inscriptions are particularly legal."
Yuan Haowen is also a brilliant literary theorist. His "Three Poems" and "Three Poems". "Ten Poems", "Essays with Dr. Zhang Zhongjie", "Postscript of Xiaolize Series", etc., all provide insightful comments on the gains and losses of the ancient poet school. He also advocated the need to be "sincere" and "emotional" when writing poems and articles. He also proposed many technical principles for writing, objecting to obscurity, random arrangement of allusions, and the need to "really accumulate hard work for a long time" in learning, etc. The crystallization of his decades of personal practice has practical guiding significance.
Ci
Creation of Ci
1. Reflecting various aspects of social life
(1) Sangluan Ci; (2) Scenery poems; (3) Love poems
(4) Others: chanting, remembering the past, farewell, chanting things, shooting and hunting, frontier fortress poems
2. Features: Yuan Haowen and Su , Xin as models, and absorbed the strengths of each school, so it has both graceful and bold styles.
Poetry Theory
The poetic theory propositions of Yuan Haowen's "On Thirty Poems"
The main theories of Yuan Haowen's "On Thirty Poems" The point of view is to advocate "nature" and the "truth" of emotion; advocate a vigorous and bold poetic style and advocate the compatibility of spirit, charm and style; advocate the juxtaposition of Li and Du; advocate a poetic style of multiple inheritance; and pioneer Hao Jing's poetry theory. Yuan Haowen's poetic theoretical views also influenced the poetic theories of the Yuan Dynasty.
Literature
Yuan Haowen’s main literary achievements
The main achievements of Yuan Haowen’s poetry lie in the ideological value of Sangluan poetry and the aesthetic value of landscape poetry. The two most important characteristics of Yuan Haowen's mourning poems are that they truly reflect the social reality of the destruction of the Jin Dynasty and the misfortune of the people. His famous "Three Poems of Qiyang" is one of the representative works. Truth is the most important characteristic of Yuan Haowen's mourning poems.
The second is historical reflection. Yuan Haowen's poems about the Sangluan included his historical examination of the facts of the Sangluan and made historical evaluations, thereby increasing the depth of his thoughts.
Yuan Haowen was the most outstanding poet in the Jin Dynasty. He has more than 300 poems in existence. Regardless of the quantity and quality of his poems, he is the best among the Jin Dynasty. Yuan Haowen's prose is powerful, simple, and unique. In one frame, Yuan Haowen's note-taking work "Xu Yi Jian Zhi" is the best note-taking work of the Jin Dynasty.
Historiography
Yuan Haowen witnessed the decline of the Jin Dynasty and the whole process of Mongolia's destruction of the Jin Dynasty. He also served in politics for many years. His strong sense of social responsibility to care about the country and the people made him always pay attention to It concerns the fate of the Jin Kingdom and the preservation of its historical sites.
On the eve of Jin Ru's defeat, he suggested to the rulers to write a history of Jin in Jurchen script in small characters. However, when he failed to do so, he privately compiled a "Renchen Miscellaneous Collection". After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, he held the patriotic belief that "when the country dies, history will rise, and it is one's responsibility", he determined to compile a history of the Jin Dynasty by himself, and paid a hard effort and a heavy price for this. He refused to be employed as an official in Mongolia to show his identity as a survivor and his loyalty to his motherland. However, in order to write the history of the Jin Dynasty, he had to interact with the middle- and upper-level officials who were serving in Mongolia in order to obtain their assistance and necessary information. Because of this, many people did not understand him, "A hundred slanders a hundred times. Scolding, laughing, and insulting will harm your ancestors and humiliate your descendants." In order to fulfill his ambition of revising the history of Jin Dynasty, Yuan Haowen endured humiliation and heavy burdens for more than 20 years until his death. For the purpose of revising the history of Jin Dynasty, he built a "Wild History Pavilion" in the yard of his home as a place to store relevant materials and edit and write. After years of running around, he accumulated a considerable amount of information on the last words and deeds of the Jin Dynasty's monarchs and ministers, which was later called "The Records of the Words and Deeds of the Jinyuan Juns and Ministers".
With the purpose of "preserving history through poetry", he compiled "Zhongzhou Collection". This is a collection of poems from the Jin Dynasty. It not only includes 2,116 poems by poets and poets of the Jin Dynasty who he knew were deceased or not serving in Mongolia, including the two emperors of the Jin Dynasty, ministers and common people (including (2001 poems, 115 lyrics), and wrote biographies of more than 250 people for each author, filling a gap in the history of Chinese literature.
"History of Jin·Yi Wen Zhuan" was written based on it, and later "Quan Jin Shi" was also supplemented on its basis. At the same time, "Zhongzhou Collection" also provides rich information for the history of the Jin Dynasty.
Unfortunately, just when he confidently said that he would only need to spend three months to read and copy the relevant contents of the "Jin Shilu" before he could start writing the "History of the Jin Dynasty", one of his friends hindered him and failed to obtain the "History of the Jin Dynasty". Seeing Jin Shilu at Zhang Rou, the leader of the Han army and Wanhu in Mongolia, he fell short of success and died of hatred. Although Yuan Haowen failed to realize his wish to complete the history of the Jin Dynasty during his lifetime, the materials he collected provided a large amount of first-hand information for the Yuan Dynasty to compile the Song, Liao and Jin histories, and even the Ming Dynasty to compile the Yuan history. It laid the foundation for repairing the history of gold. Yuan Haowen respected historical facts, did not follow current customs, and wrote straightly. Therefore, later generations of scholars unanimously believe that "History of the Jin Dynasty" is closely related to Yuan Haowen. The "General Catalog of Sikuquanshu" states that "many books were written by him." Yuan Haowen's method of compiling history after the country's collapse was also imitated by later generations. For example, Wan Sitong, a veteran of the Ming Dynasty, refused to be recruited by the Qing Dynasty's erudite Hongci Department, and he also resolutely refused the official title of editor with a seventh-grade salary from the Qing Dynasty, but participated in the compilation of "History of the Ming Dynasty" as a "commoner". In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), the Qing History Museum was established, and many Qing Dynasty elders participated in the compilation of the "Manuscript of Qing History" in order to pay tribute to their deceased ancestors. Introduction
Yuan Haowen (1190-1257), named Yuzhi and nicknamed Yishan, was a native of Xiurong, Taiyuan (now Xinzhou, Shanxi); he was descended from the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe in the Northern Wei Dynasty and a descendant of the Tang poet Yuan Jie.
Gaozu Yuanyi was an official in the Xinzhou Shenwu military envoy during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty and settled in Xiurong.
Yuan Haowen was born in July and adopted his uncle Yuan Ge. Ge successively served as the magistrate of Ye County and Lingchuan. King Wei Shao died in Longcheng in the second year of Da'an (1210). Haowen can write poems at the age of seven and has the eyes of a child prodigy. At the age of fourteen, he studied under Hao Tianting and completed his career in six years. In the fifth year of Xingding (1221), if you don't want to be a Jinshi, you can choose. In the first year of Zhengda (1224), he was awarded the title of Confucian Scholar in the Hongci Department of Zhongbo University, served as editor and editor of the Academy of National History, and served as the county magistrate of Zhenping, Nanyang and Neixiang. In the autumn of the eighth year (1231), he was ordered to enter the capital. In addition to being ministers of the Ministry of Finance and Zuosi, he was transferred to Yuanwailang.
After the death of Jin Dynasty, he did not serve as an official, so he took it upon himself to write and preserve history. He collected and copied the last words of Jin Yuan's emperors and ministers, which amounted to more than a million words. The Yuan people compiled and compiled many books of "History of Jin Dynasty". It was compiled into ten volumes of "Zhongzhou Collection", with "Zhongzhou Yuefu" attached, on which many poems of the Jin Dynasty depended. Yuan Xianzong died in his residence in Huolu (now part of Hebei Province) in the seventh year of his reign, at the age of sixty-eight.
Volume 126 of "History of the Jin Dynasty" contains a biography of Yuan Deming. Miao Yue said: "Since Dading and the Ming Dynasty, the style of writing has flourished, and at the end of the period, Dusheng Yishan was built, and Zhuo became a master craftsman of the generation. His poems are sonorous and beautiful, square rails are full of words, ancient prose is elegant, and Yuefu is sparse. Soon after the country's collapse, he took responsibility for his literature.
Although the "Renchen Miscellaneous Collection" was lost, the Yuan Dynasty compiled "Jin Shi" and published many books, so it is called Yazheng Shixue. They are all in one body. It is not the first time since the Yuan and Ming dynasties that there has been no rivalry. Since the Han Dynasty, there have been many who have admired him."
He is the author of forty volumes of "Yishan Collected Works" and five volumes of "Yishan Yuefu". "Continuing Yi Jian Zhi" in four volumes. "Quan Jin Yuan Ci" contains more than 380 of his poems, which is the most complete.
Yuan Hao Wen Gong's poems and essays were highly anticipated during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. His poems are unique and exquisite, delicate but not elegant, forming the Hefen School of Poetry. In the past years, he devoted himself to collecting the last words and events of Jin Junchen, and most of them were used by later generations to compile the history of Jin Dynasty. He is the author of forty volumes of "Du Poetry", "Dongpo Poetry", "Jin Ji", "Poetic Self-Warning", "Renchen Miscellaneous Collection", "Collected Works of Mr. Yishan", four volumes of "Xu Yi Jian Zhi", and "Mr. Yishan's New Works". Yuefu" in five volumes, etc., the "Collected Works of Mr. Yishan" has been handed down, and the "Collection of Zhongzhou" has been compiled. There is now the "Complete Works of Mr. Yuan Yishan" republished by Guangxu Shushanfang in the Qing Dynasty.
He was the most accomplished writer and historian in my country during the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, a leader in the literary world, the main representative of northern literature during the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties, and a bridge between the Jin and Yuan Dynasties in literature. , was revered as "Northern Literary Hero" and "Literary Master of the Generation". His poetry, prose, words, and music are all excellent in style. He has the highest achievement in poetry, and his "Sangluan Poetry" is particularly famous; his lyrics are the best in the Jin Dynasty, comparable to famous writers in the two Song Dynasties; although his Sanqu is not handed down many times, it had a great influence at that time and had the merit of advocacy.
He is the author of "The Complete Works of Mr. Yuan Yishan" and his collection of lyrics is "Yishan Yuefu". He compiled Zhongzhou Collection, which preserved a large number of literary works of the Jin Dynasty. His poems are strong, his prose is eloquent, and his words are clear and meaningful. His shortcoming is that he "tends to fall into his own ruts." There are 1361 poems in existence today, which are rich in content. Some poems vividly reflected the social turmoil and the suffering of the people at that time, such as "Qiyang" and "Renchen's Driving East for Hunting in December". The poems are melancholy and desolate, following Lao Du, and can be called the "history of poetry" of a generation. His landscape poems express the beauty of mountains and rivers, and their artistic conception is fresh and popular. There are various poetry genres, and seven-character poems are its specialty.
Yuan Haowen's essays inherited the tradition of Tang and Song dynasties. They were fresh and vigorous, of arbitrary length and well-prepared. He was a giant of literary criticism in the Jin Dynasty. "Thirty Quatrains of Poetry" has a great influence in the history of literary criticism. Home of Bibliographical Writers and Bibliophiles. The courtesy name is Yuzhi and the nickname is Yishan. A native of Xiurong, Taiyuan (now Xin County, Shanxi Province). He was promoted to Jinshi in Xingding, and he was appointed as Yuanwailang, Zuo Si of Shangshu Province, and entered the Hanlin Academy to know how to make imperial edicts. If gold dies, there will be no official. Shi Wen was a leader in the literary world of his generation, and in his later years he took charge of writing. According to the "Genealogy of Ancient Objects in Yishan", his family has many books, all of which were from before the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the fourth year of Zhenyou (1216), there was a war, so he hid the book in the wall and avoided it. There are more than a thousand volumes of miscellaneous books and handwritten books such as "Spring and Autumn", "Three Histories", "Zhuangzi", "Selected Works" and so on, and there are hundreds of scrolls of paintings. A library was built as "Ye Shi Pavilion" to collect books and writings. Then there were tens of thousands of households in Shuntian. I collected historical records from the Jin Dynasty and copied them morning and night, which amounted to more than a million words, but I died before I could complete it.
He wrote more than 1,380 poems and more than 380 lyrics in his life. He has 6 Sanqu, more than 250 essays, and 4 volumes of the novel "Continuing Yi Jian Zhi". He is the author of "Yishan Poetry Collection", "Yuefu", "Xu Yi Jian Zhi", "Renchen Miscellaneous Collection", "Tang Poetry Advocacy and Endorsement". Compiled "Zhongzhou Collection". There are also many lost works, such as "Jinji", "Dongpo Poetry", "Du Poetry", "Poetic Self-Warning", "Renchen Miscellaneous Collection", "Records of the Words and Deeds of the Kings and Ministers of the Jin Dynasty", "Southern Poetry". "Guanlu", "Collected Prescriptions", "Heritage of Ancient Relics", etc. Yuan Haowen's Poetry and Essays When Yi Chou went to Bingzhou for an examination at the age of 10, he met a goose hunter and said: "Now that I have caught a goose, I will kill it. The one who fell out of the net screamed and could not go away, and actually threw himself to the ground and died." Yu Yin bought it After he was found, he was buried on the Fen River, a stone was built as a memorial, and he was named "Yanqiu". Most of his companions composed poems, and I also wrote "Yanqiu Ci". The old rule was that there was no palace merchant, but now it has been changed. Ask the world, what is love? Directly teach life and death to make love? Traveling from all over the world, Lao Wing has experienced the cold and heat several times. Pleasure is fun, parting is bitter, and there are even more idiotic children. Jun should say: Thousands of miles of clouds and dusk snow on thousands of mountains. To whom is the shadow going? On Hengfen Road, the flutes and drums were played in loneliness, and the desolate smoke was still plain and clear. How come the souls are summoned, and the mountain ghosts cry secretly in the wind and rain. The sky is jealous, and if you don't believe it, all the birds and swallows will be like loess. For thousands of years, in order to entertain the scholar, he sang and drank wildly and visited Yanqiu. ——Jin Dynasty·Yuan Haowen "Moyuer·Yanqiu Ci/Maipitang"
Moyuer·Yanqiu Ci/Maipitang
Jin Dynasty: Yuan Haowen
When Yi Chou went to Bingzhou for an examination at the age of 10, he met a goose hunter and said, "Now that I have caught a goose, I will kill it. The one who fell out of the net screamed and could not go, and actually threw himself to the ground and died." Yu Yin He bought it and buried it on the Fen River. He built a stone to mark it and named it "Yanqiu". Most of his companions composed poems, and I also wrote "Yanqiu Ci". The old rule was that there was no palace merchant, but now it has been changed.
When Yi Chou went to Bingzhou for an examination at the age of 10, he met a goose hunter and said, "Now that I have caught a goose, I will kill it. The one who fell out of the net screamed and could not go, and actually threw himself to the ground and died." Yu Yin He bought it and buried it on the Fen River. He built a stone to mark it and named it "Yanqiu". Most of his companions composed poems, and I also wrote "Yanqiu Ci". The old rule was that there was no palace merchant, but now it has been changed. Chanting things, writing about birds, expressing love. There are layers of new green among the branches, and several little reds hidden deep in the little buds. Cherish your beautiful heart and don’t vomit it lightly, and teach the peaches and plums to make spring breeze. ——Jin Dynasty·Yuan Haowen's "Tong'er generation's poem has not opened Begonia"
Tong'er generation's poem has not opened Begonia. There are a lot of new green among the branches, and a few red spots are hidden deep in the small buds.
Don’t vomit when you cherish your beauty, and teach the peaches and plums to make spring breeze. There are three hundred ancient poems, chanting about things and describing flowers. They contain admonitions to people. Wearing colorful clothes and make-up everywhere, children are noisy with the lights on the six streets. What am I doing with my long gown? It’s also in the laughter of tourists. ——Jin Dynasty·Yuan Haowen's "New Year's Eve in Kyoto"
On New Year's Eve in Kyoto, people wear colorful clothes and make-up everywhere, and the lights on the six streets are noisy for children.
I am also wearing a long gown, which is also mentioned in the laughter of tourists.
Visiting during the Lantern Festival View more poems and essays by Yuan Haowen >>