Ancient poetry is a precious legacy of China's ancient literature, with its essence, concise language, beautiful artistic conception and sincere feelings. According to the needs of expression, the poet's language is highly condensed and summarized, and the plot span is large. It has a strong jumping ability. This leaves many "blanks" in the poem. It is a good opportunity to make a reasonable imagination according to your own understanding, supplement the skipped plot and concretize the condensed and summarized language.
1. Expand the extension and practice writing the full text from multiple angles.
Some ancient poems are rich in content, complete in structure and distinctive in personality. This can be used as an organic supplement to students' composition and practice writing selectively. When practicing writing, in order to make students understand poetry more deeply, teachers should introduce the source, background and poet's emotion to students in detail. After students understand the connotation of poetry, let them practice, expand, rewrite, write an unforgettable lesson after reading a poem, etc. From various angles, so as to give students the freedom to play their imagination. Students will fly their imagination, be full of interest, enter the realm of poetry, experience their feelings and create beautiful articles. For example, when I was teaching students a poem named Li Ning's Seclusion by Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, the students learned the source of the poem and wrote the article "Talking about the Making of Jia Dao" by imitating the TV series "Talking about Qianlong" that was being staged at that time. The article describes Jia Dao as a young monk with a rather negative literary talent. After being lobbied by an iron mouth who traveled around the world, he saved his family fortune and went to Beijing to seek fame. But I failed again and again, and I have no money to go home. He heard that corporal Jing and Han Yulixian at that time had made friends with scholars from all over the world and thought it was a developed opportunity, so he frowned and made a plan. One day, while Han Yu was out, he deliberately collided with Han Yu's honor guard in the name of Sishi, and was caught by the army and brought to Han Yu. Jia Dao hurriedly explained that he was addicted to poetry, and he didn't know whether it was better to "knock" or "push" when the bird stayed in the tree by the pool and the monk knocked at the door. I didn't mean to bump into adults during meditation. I hope adults will forgive me. Instead of blaming Jia Dao, Han Yu was deeply moved by Jia Dao's eagerness to learn. I'm glad to invite Jia Dao to the mansion for a long talk. And make sure that Jia Dao is an official. Since then, Jia Dao has flourished. In this paper, a clever, scheming and scheming character is vividly portrayed. Although the writing style is quite biased, the young author's ingenious conception and bold imagination can't help but be amazing.
There are also many poems, and teachers can practice writing according to the needs of textbooks. For example, Xin Qiji's "Qingpingle Village Residence" allows students to start writing exercises on the topic of "seeing this family"; Li Bai's "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou by the Yellow Crane Tower" asked students to describe the feelings of farewell between friends with the topic "Ah, goodbye to friends". Cen Can's "Xia Sai Qu" allows students to practice writing articles on the topic of "Flying General Li Guang". There are many similar ancient poems that can be practiced, such as: poems of limes, hometown couplets, seven-step poems, and gifts to Wang Lun. Under careful guidance, many ancient poems can be used by students to practice the whole article.
2. Practice the clips purposefully as needed.
Students' writing level is inconsistent, and there are some differences, but there are also some * * *. This requires teachers to carry out writing training purposefully, step by step and pertinently according to the actual situation of students. The writing training mentioned here is selective fragment training according to needs. For example, "Looking for Flowers Alone by the Riverside" requires students to describe a beautiful riverside scene with flowers in full bloom, butterflies flying and Yingying singing in spring according to their own poems, and train students to write scenery. Another example: "Children Fishing" requires students to depict an innocent child with unkempt hair and a fishing rod in his hand, hiding in the grass by the river. Pedestrians ask for directions, wave their hands in a hurry and don't answer. He is free and naive. There are also many poems that can be trained into fragments, such as Xugongdian in Su Xin City, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Xiaochi, and the banks of the Yellow River recovered by the imperial army. Teachers' choice of content can guide students to carry out targeted segmented training, so that students' sense of language is constantly strengthened, vocabulary is constantly enriched, sentences are more fluent and clear, and finally practice makes perfect and students' writing level is improved.
3. Create situations and conduct oral communication training.
There are many works of China's ancient poems. The author simply narrates what happened, and stops abruptly at the key points, leaving room for imagination. Or in the narration of the works, when communicating with characters, only typical and representative words are intercepted, and the rest of the language is simply hidden. Of course, this is the "technical" treatment that the author needs to express. However, it leaves a good place for us to create situations and conduct oral communication training. For example, Liu Changqing's "Lord of the Lotus Mountain on a Snowy Night" depicts a picture of a cold mountain staying at night with the material of "travelers staying at dusk and mountain families returning home in the rain". In the first two sentences, "The setting sun is far away, my humble abode is poor, Chai Men smells dogs barking, and returns home at night after the storm", there is a jumping place, and there is a period of time from entering the hut to settling down and going to bed, so there should be something to describe. For example, the host's inquiry, the tenant's response, the host's intention to be the landlord, and the concierge that the tenant is grateful for are all omitted by the author. Then the teacher can create a scene here and arrange an oral communication training, so that students can put themselves in their shoes to try to figure out the possible conversations of the characters. For another example, the author of a guest book wrote only a few typical words in his poem, and the rest were omitted. I once arranged a training for oral communication here. After the students fully understood the poem by reciting it, I asked two students to practice in the roles of poet and boy respectively. In later exercises, middle school students wrote: The poet was panting and came to the hermit's door while wiping his sweat, and raised his hand to lock the door. "Who is it?" With the crisp children's voice, the door creaked and a boy with a double bun came out of the door. "What can I do for you, son?" The poet quickly bowed his head: "This little brother, I am polite here." "Return the gift, return the gift." The boy quickly handed over: "Oh, little brother, please tell me that Jia Dao came to visit." The poet said respectfully. Hearing this, the young man looked apologetic: "Oh, I'm really sorry. My master went up the mountain to collect medicine this morning. Just in this mountain, such a big mountain, I don't know where the master is. " "This ..." The poet was very disappointed. "Don't come back tomorrow, master will grind medicine at home tomorrow and don't go out." The boy said. "It doesn't matter." The poet bowed again. "When the hermit comes back, please tell the little brother that Jia Daolai visited. Thank you, thank you. " "You're welcome. I will definitely convey it. " The young man answered quickly. "Then please leave me now and see you tomorrow." "I'm sorry to send you not far, son." Jia Dao turned and walked down the hill. A dialogue is reasonable and vivid, and students even imitate the way the ancients spoke in movies and TV, which makes people laugh. How can such long-term training not improve students' language level?
Second, using induction to guide the composition
China's language and writing are rooted in the classical poetry, which is the best model essay. Poets' use of writing methods and techniques in their poems directly influenced the trend of China literature. It can be said that the methods and skills used in writing articles now are all developed on the basis of ancient poetry writing. Therefore, exploring the writing application rules of ancient poetry, summarizing the writing methods of ancient poetry and learning the writing skills of ancient poetry can guide students' writing well. Because of my limited experience, I haven't read the relevant articles and the profound connotation of ancient poetry, so I dare not talk nonsense. I can only cite a few examples to illustrate:
1. The ancient poem "Tianjingsha Qiu Si": "Dead vines and old trees faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, old roads and thin horses, sunset, where there are heartbroken people in the world." Throughout the ages, it has been praised by countless readers as a swan song. The first four sentences of this poem describe the scenery and outline a travel map of sunset photos in the autumn suburbs, which is intended to express the author's inner sadness. But the poem does not directly describe the author's melancholy, but every scene depicts a vast and desolate artistic conception in the atmosphere. The homesickness of the traveler and the loneliness of the journey are vividly on the paper. It is not difficult to see from the poem that the author uses the method of setting off the emotions of the characters through the scenery. We sum up this writing as one of the ways to write the inner activities of characters-scenery setting-off method.
2. The last two sentences of the ancient poem "November 4th is a storm" are "Sleeping at night and listening to the storm, the iron horse glacier comes." The author Lu You doesn't express his patriotism here like the first two sentences, but puts pen and ink on a dream he had. In my dream, I rode a horse in armor, stepped on the frozen river and stalked to the killing field. At this time, Lu You was sixty-eight years old and frail, but in his dream, he still remembered to go to the front to kill the enemy, and patriotic enthusiasm poured out from his dream. Here, the author expresses his patriotism through dreams. We summarize this writing as the second way to describe the inner activities of characters-dream display method.
3. The ancient poem "The two banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army" describes the ecstasy of the poet when he suddenly heard the news of victory after suffering from war and displacement. Through the dynamic description of "tears all over clothes", "rolling poetry books", "singing songs" and "drinking wine", the author let us feel the joy of the poet after hearing the victory of counterinsurgency between the lines. We summarize this writing method of reflecting characters' emotions through action description as the third method of describing characters' inner activities-action suggestion method.
4. The author of the ancient poem "Ode to Goose" describes the shape of the goose from top to bottom, from "crooked neck" to "white hair" and then to "Anthurium", grasping the bright colors of the parts of "white hair" and "Anthurium" and the gestures of "bending", "floating" and "poking", vividly describing the goose floating leisurely in the water. Through reading aloud, teachers can guide students to understand that the method and law of describing small animals is to write out its salient features in order.
In the process of exploration, we also summed up many practical writing methods from ancient poetry. For example, according to the description of the Yangtze River in the poem "Early Sending to Baidicheng", the writing method of "tangible lining intangible things" can be summarized; According to the two sentences of "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I hear a voice" in Luzhai, this paper summarizes the writing method of "Silence is better than sound here". In addition, there are some methods summarized from ancient poems, such as "love is to write feelings, every word is affectionate" and "emotion is not emotional, Tao is ruthless and affectionate". These methods are not aimed at the whole composition, but at the nuances of the composition, which can be understood but cannot be expressed, one by one, forming a series and training. When teachers extract methods from ancient poetry, they must pay attention to students' incomplete understanding of ancient poetry, so as to achieve the teaching purpose. Such long-term training not only teaches students the methods of writing, but also familiarizes them with ancient poetry and prose, which virtually improves their language literacy.
Third, recite and understand, and promote sentiment.
The subjectivity, image and humanity of composition essentially determine that composition must be perceptive, tasteful, thoughtful and chewy. Because there are many things in the composition, students have understood the meaning, but they can't say it, but it can be reflected in the students' composition. It is precisely for this reason that we pay attention to promoting students' understanding of poetic artistic conception and writing methods through chanting, feeling, entering the realm of poetry and feeling poetry, which is a subtle play.
Seriously guide students' composition.
For example, in the composition of Unit 10 of the six-year primary school Chinese textbook published by People's Education Press, students are required to write a narrative, praise their parents, and choose one or two things that can show their parents' care and love for themselves and make them deeply moved. This theme can be said to be an old theme that has been written thousands of times. The choice of students who encounter this topic is nothing more than the cliche that their mother sent them to the hospital and their father helped them with their homework, which is neither new nor true. In fact, it is often the smallest thing that can best reflect the love of parents, even a scene, a look and an action. How to make students choose appropriate and novel examples to express their respect for their parents is the key to this composition. These teachers know, they know, but if teachers just emphasize to students that they should choose small things and look for details, students have no feelings, only know the surface, don't know the inside, and don't know what kind of small things to choose and what kind of details to look for, I'm afraid it will be difficult to make a breakthrough in material selection. In order to promote students' understanding, I introduced a poem entitled "Collection of Stray Children" by Meng Jiao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. By reciting it, students can understand that it is an eternal masterpiece praising maternal love. Meng Jiao, the author, lived in poverty and poverty all his life, and lived alone with his mother. He likes visiting famous mountains and rivers best. For Meng Jiao, a wandering wanderer, the most unforgettable moment is the painful moment of separation between mother and son. This poem describes the ordinary scene of a mother sewing clothes for a wanderer at this moment, but it shows the poet's deep feelings and praises the greatest maternal love in the world. The sentence is simple, natural, kind and touching. There are no words and no tears here, but the pure feelings of maternal love rush out from ordinary scenes, which is exciting and makes people cry. Through reading aloud, the students looked solemn, and it was easy to understand that the selection of materials for this composition should be "small and focused on the big picture." I also selected wonderful and vivid materials: the scene of parents making a snowman in the snow to send themselves to school; Because of seasickness, she couldn't sleep in the cabin, and her mother sat on the deck all night regardless of her discomfort. The father beat the child by mistake because his child didn't do well in the exam, and he regretted crying; Because of his naughty and active life, he put his foot into the spokes of his bicycle and was twisted, but his father always blamed himself for being careless and so on. In later materials, many students shed tears of happiness and gratitude because of excitement. The reason why students have these performances is not unrelated to their feelings and understanding.