Everything is Tao Rong. Why do people complain about the heat?
Look at the autumn colors of the hundred valleys, and they also bear fruit from summer.
The water in the field boils like soup, and the sweat on my back splashes.
Farmer Fang Xia Yun, can't sit still and dare to eat?
Dai Fugu.
Among the ancient poems, there are many poems describing extreme heat and steam, but this poem by Dai Fugu is very original.
The first two sentences compare heaven and earth to a fiery kiln, and compare heat and inflammation to the burning of charcoal fire full of yang. This metaphor is apt, but it is not new, because there is a saying in Zhuangzi that "today's heaven and earth are big furnaces", and Jia Yi's "Bird Fu" "Heaven and earth are furnaces, and nature works; Yin and Yang are charcoal, and everything is copper. "More directly, it was written by Dai Shi. The word "cooking" vividly shows that the heat in summer is like the burning of charcoal fire, giving people a burning feeling. Now there is a description of "kiln burning fever" in the dialect of southern Zhejiang.
According to these two sentences, people can't help complaining about the heat. However, three or four sentences suddenly become new: "Everything is Tao Rong. Why do people complain about the heat?" This refers to the great kiln of heaven and earth. Here, the role of "heat" is highlighted: Tao Rong makes everything grow. This turning point, in a big way, is to liberate people's "grievances" from personal scope. This is a key point of the whole article. With this turn, the following content is like a boat drifting with the current, going down the river.
"Look at the autumn colors of the hundred valleys, and there will be knots in summer." Five or six sentences further developed the theme of "Everything is Tao Rong". High temperature in summer is an important condition for crop growth and fruiting. This fact is very common, but poets who have never written about summer heat rarely think of it. This can't be said because it is relatively isolated from people's lives. On the contrary, it means that Dai Fugu has a profound experience of life. The word "autumn" of "autumn with a hundred grains" is a verb, which refers to the mature harvest of autumn grain.
Seven or eight sentences are linked to the farmer's work because of the "autumn color of a hundred valleys", which has transferred another new meaning: "The water in the field is boiling like soup, and the sweat on the back is like splashing." Although these two sentences describe the hard work of paddy fields in June, they are ordinary words, but people with practical experience can't understand them. They can be compared with Li Shen's "cutting rice at noon, sweating rice and sowing soil" in the Tang Dynasty, and they are all natural languages. Soup means boiled water. While talking about "Hundred Valley" and "Xia Guo", we continue to write about hard field work in hot summer days, which makes people further understand that this "Xia Guo" does not simply refer to natural conditions, but should include farmers' Xia Guo.
This naturally leads to the last two sentences: "Farmer Fang Xia Yun, dare I sit still and eat?" This kind of words, in the works of Bai Juyi, Wei and others, have been seen, but because it is said from a new angle, it is bitter and hot, and it is still fresh to read.
Wang Ling, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, said in the second half of "Summer Drought and Bitter Heat": "There is snow on the top of Kunlun Mountain, and it often stays cold far away from Penglai. If you can't go to the world with your hands, why not swim in it! " The boldness of vision exceeds that of many poets, and it is not as good as Dai Fugu's poems; But Dai is closer to real life than Wang Shi. As for the people's spirit, it is the ideological basis of the two poems.
There are many examples of previous generations of poets combining the description of climate with the expression of sympathy for farmers, but combining them with reason and interest is the characteristic of Dai Fugu's poems.