"Zuiweng Pavilion" [Northern Song Dynasty] Ouyang Xiu
The Chu River is surrounded by mountains. Its southwest peak is You Mei Forest Valley. Seeing the deep beauty is also beautiful. Six or seven miles up the mountain, you gradually hear the sound of water gurgling, and those who leak between the two peaks brew springs. When the peak turns, there are pavilion wings on the spring, and the pavilion is also drunk. Who is the pavilion? Monks in the mountains are also wise and immortal. Who's the name? The satrap calls himself. The satrap and his guests come here to drink, and they get drunk with less, so they call themselves "drunkards" because they are the oldest. The meaning of drunkenness is not wine, but also between mountains and rivers. The joy of mountains and rivers, the place where the heart belongs, the place where the wine belongs.
If the husband is in the forest at sunrise, the clouds will return to the cave, and the changes will be bright, and sooner or later in the mountains. The wild fragrance is rich, the wood is beautiful and the shade is beautiful, the wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water is clear, and it is also in the mountains at four o'clock. Returning home in the morning and evening, the scenery at four o'clock is different and the joy is endless.
As for the loser who sings on the way, the walker rests in the tree, the former calls and the latter should help, and those who keep going back and forth swim. Fishing near the stream, deep fish fat in the stream; Brewing spring wine, spring wine is bitter; The pheasant is just a predecessor and a satrap feast. The joy of a feast is not silk or bamboo. Among the shooters, the player wins, and everyone who sits up is happy. Those pale, white-haired and humble people are too jealous and drunk.
Sunset in the mountains, people scattered, the satrap returned, and the guests followed. The Woods are overcast, singing and singing, tourists go and birds are happy. However, birds know the joy of mountains, but they don't know the joy of people; People know that swimming from Taishou is fun, but they don't know that Taishou is fun. Being drunk can be fun, and people who can tell stories when they wake up are too defensive. Who is the satrap? Lu Xiu also.
[Introduction to the author]
Ouyang Xiu (1007 ~ 1072) was a statesman and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the eight masters of ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties. The word uncle Yong, drunk Weng, sixty-one layman. People from Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Jiangxi). Ouyang Xiu claimed to be a native of Luling, because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County. This article is selected from Ouyang Wenzhong's public collection.
[Appreciation]
Song Renzong Li Qing five years (1045), Fan Zhongyan and others who participated in politics were dismissed. Ouyang Xiu defended them and was banished to Chuzhou for two years. After taking office, he was depressed, but he was able to play the style of "tolerance, simplicity and no disturbance" and made some achievements. The Preface to Drunk Pavilion was written in this period. This paper describes the deep and beautiful natural scenery of Chuzhou, the peaceful and quiet life of Chuzhou people, especially the author's pleasure in enjoying a feast in the mountains. The full text runs through the word "music" and contains more complicated and tortuous contents. One implies the feeling that a feudal local governor can "have fun with the people", and the other hides the unspeakable difficulties behind the scenery. In the prime of his forties, he claimed to be an alcoholic and he traveled a lot. In addition, his performances such as "Drunk with Less Drink" and "Fall Down in the Midway" all show that Ouyang Xiu used the joy of mountains and rivers to relieve the anguish of exile.
This article is a travel note about mountains and rivers, but it is lyrical. The author's comfort and sadness are implicitly contained in the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere. In order to enhance the charm, descriptive sentences are used throughout, and 2 1 word "ye" is used, with a calm and euphemistic tone. In terms of scenery and narration, the article is concise, full and vivid, and draws a colorful and vivid picture. Its level is neat and clear, from far and near, from big to small, which clearly highlights the central position of Zuiweng Pavilion and the author in the sparse background. As for the accurate generalization of language, natural fluency, multi-purpose arrangement without losing its cadence, and loud and harmonious syllables, all these show the author's superb skills and special style in mastering language.
Translation:
Chuzhou is surrounded by mountains. There are several peaks in its southwest corner, and the forest valley is particularly beautiful. It seems that Langya Mountain is lush and beautiful. After walking six or seven miles along the mountain road, I gradually heard the gurgling sound of running water, which flowed out between the two peaks. This is the so-called brewing spring. The mountain is straight, and the road turns with it, so you can see a pavilion that opens like a bird's wing above the mountain spring. This is Zuiweng Pavilion. Who built this pavilion? It is a monk and a wise fairy on the mountain; This is the man who named it. It is the satrap who calls this pavilion by nickname. Taishou and his guests drink here, and they get drunk after drinking a little, and they are the oldest, so they call themselves drunks. The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in mountains and rivers. The pleasure of this kind of landscape is understood in my heart and pinned on wine.
When the sun came out, the smoke in the forest gradually dispersed. At night, the clouds condensed and the valley became dark. This change of light and shade is exactly the scene in the mountains in the morning and evening. Wildflowers are in full bloom and fragrant bursts; Lush trees, shady branches and leaves; The sky is crisp and the autumn frost is white; The stream is very low and the stones are above the water. This is the scene of four seasons in the mountains. Go out in the morning and come back at night. The four seasons are different and the fun is endless.
As for those who walk on the road with things on their backs and sing while walking, they rest under the tree when they are tired, shouting in front of them and pulling the old people and children, all of them are playing in Chuzhou. We catch fish by the stream. The stream is deep and the fish is fat. Brewing wine with brewing spring water, the spring water is fragrant and the wine color is clear; Wild vegetables and game are placed on the ground at will. Look, this is the party of the satrap. Whether there is music or not, the party is very enjoyable. The pot-thrower won and the chess player won, so all the old cups and chips were handed in. Some stood up, some sat down, and all the noise was guests. A man with an old face and gray hair fell groggy among them and was drunk by the satrap.
After a while, the sun was setting and people were scattered. The satrap went back, and the guests followed. The Woods are getting dark, and birds are singing in the Woods. The tourists left and the birds began to be happy. But birds only know the joy of mountains, not the joy of people; People only know the happiness of playing with the satrap, but they don't know that the happiness of the satrap has its own reason for happiness. When you are drunk, you can enjoy happiness with everyone. When you wake up, you can use articles to describe this kind of happiness, which is too defensive. Who is the satrap? It's Ouyang Xiu from Luling.
Preface to Drunk Pavilion is Ouyang Xiu's masterpiece. Personally, I like this masterpiece very much. The most important reason is that its mental outlook is very optimistic. The background of writing is that Ouyang Xiu failed to participate in Fan Zhongyan's political reform and Ouyang Xiu was demoted. This question was created when the author relegated Chuzhou. Writing an article about The Journey to the West is also degrading, but the feelings expressed are quite different.
The main line running through the full text of Zuiweng Pavilion is the word "Le". Drunkenness and happiness are unified, "drunkenness" is the appearance, "happiness" is the essence, and writing drunkenness is for Syaraku. The composition of scenery in the article is very heavy, so it is not surprising that the word drunk has been mentioned many times. Because since you write about pavilions, you should write about the scenery of pavilions; Because the pavilion is named "Drunken Weng", I want to write the meaning of naming, which is a necessary foil. At the beginning of the article, it is written to look at Langer. Both "walking" and "smelling the sound of water" imply a word "music". After breaking the title sentence "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in mountains and rivers", I added another sentence, and then I understood the main line of the full text from "the joy of mountains and rivers" In the following, "the joy of mountains and rivers" is slightly expanded, and the scenes of mid-evening and four o'clock are written, and it is pointed out that "the joy is endless", which makes readers feel immersive. However, it is not surprising that everyone has experienced this kind of "fun". The connotation of "music" will be deepened when the Chu people travel, and the Taishou Yan and all the guests are happy, because not only the Taishou and the guests, but also the people in Chuzhou can indulge in the scenery, which is unusual. It is also meaningful to end this happy scene with "being too drunk", which shows that the meaning of "drunkenness" lies not only in the people of a country. At the end of the article, the meaning of "drunkenness is not in wine" is used to unify "drunkenness" and "music", making the finishing point and outlining a theme.
Another major feature of this article is the natural combination of quietness and lyricism. The article first describes the prospect of the pavilion, because the pavilion is located in Langya Mountain, so I put pen to paper from here, using "Wei Ran Shen Xiu" to express its appearance, and using "the sound of water gurgling" and "the twists and turns" to express its posture, which is pleasing to the eye. Then write a close-up of the pavilion. Compared with writing wings, it means flying in the air. But by explaining the name to express the author's mind directly, the famous sentence "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in mountains and rivers" has laid the lyric tone of the full text. The following is carried out from two aspects; First, write about the natural scenery around the pavilion to express the author's intention of indulging in the landscape with "endless joy"; Secondly, writing the scene of Chuzhou people enjoying themselves together, trying to write the happy mode of Chuzhou people in this quiet life, and specially shaping the image of Taishou being drunk, using this vivid genre painting to show the scene of political clarity from the side, and also expressing the author's political ideal of "having fun with the people". This article is a travel note about mountains and rivers, but it is lyrical. The author's comfort and sadness are implicitly contained in the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere. In order to enhance the charm, descriptive sentences are used throughout, and 2 1 word "ye" is used, with a calm and euphemistic tone. In terms of scenery and narration, the article is concise, full and vivid, and draws a colorful and vivid picture. Its level is neat and clear, from far and near, from big to small, which clearly highlights the central position of Zuiweng Pavilion and the author in the sparse background. As for the accurate generalization of language, natural fluency, multi-purpose arrangement without losing its cadence, and loud and harmonious syllables, all these show the author's superb skills and special style in mastering language. Preface to Drunk Pavilion is Ouyang Xiu's masterpiece. Personally, I like this masterpiece very much. The most important reason is that its mental outlook is very optimistic. The background of writing is that Ouyang Xiu failed to participate in Fan Zhongyan's political reform and Ouyang Xiu was demoted. This question was created when the author relegated Chuzhou. Writing an article about The Journey to the West is also degrading, but the feelings expressed are quite different.
The main line running through the full text of Zuiweng Pavilion is the word "Le". Drunkenness and happiness are unified, "drunkenness" is the appearance, "happiness" is the essence, and writing drunkenness is for Syaraku. The composition of scenery in the article is very heavy, so it is not surprising that the word drunk has been mentioned many times. Because since you write about pavilions, you should write about the scenery of pavilions; Because the pavilion is named "Drunken Weng", I want to write the meaning of naming, which is a necessary foil. At the beginning of the article, it is written to look at Langer. Both "walking" and "smelling the sound of water" imply a word "music". After breaking the title sentence "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in mountains and rivers", I added another sentence, and then I understood the main line of the full text from "the joy of mountains and rivers" In the following, "the joy of mountains and rivers" is slightly expanded, and the scenes of mid-evening and four o'clock are written, and it is pointed out that "the joy is endless", which makes readers feel immersive. However, it is not surprising that everyone has experienced this kind of "fun". The connotation of "music" will be deepened when the Chu people travel, and the Taishou Yan and all the guests are happy, because not only the Taishou and the guests, but also the people in Chuzhou can indulge in the scenery, which is unusual. It is also meaningful to end this happy scene with "being too drunk", which shows that the meaning of "drunkenness" lies not only in the people of a country. At the end of the article, the meaning of "drunkenness is not in wine" is used to unify "drunkenness" and "music", making the finishing point and outlining a theme.
Another major feature of this article is the natural combination of quietness and lyricism. The article first describes the prospect of the pavilion, because the pavilion is located in Langya Mountain, so I put pen to paper from here, using "Wei Ran Shen Xiu" to express its appearance, and using "the sound of water gurgling" and "the twists and turns" to express its posture, which is pleasing to the eye. Then write a close-up of the pavilion. Compared with writing wings, it means flying in the air. But by explaining the name to express the author's mind directly, the famous sentence "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in mountains and rivers" has laid the lyric tone of the full text. The following is carried out from two aspects; First, write about the natural scenery around the pavilion to express the author's intention of indulging in the landscape with "endless joy"; Secondly, writing the scene of Chuzhou people enjoying themselves together, trying to write the happy mode of Chuzhou people in this quiet life, and specially shaping the image of Taishou being drunk, using this vivid genre painting to show the scene of political clarity from the side, and also expressing the author's political ideal of "having fun with the people".
This paper is also very distinctive in the use of language, with changeable rhythm and easy to recite. First of all, the language of this paper is highly generalized and rich in meaning. The most prominent thing is that "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine" and "getting to the bottom" initiated by the author in this paper are used by hungry writers of contemporary and later generations. Secondly, the language of Zuiweng Pavilion is concise and accurate. Once again, the "drunken pavilion" language is arrogant and the athletes are pleasing to the ear. The full text almost ends with "Ye", which is the same throughout, without praise and annoyance, but with the agility and charm of singing and sighing.
Comment 2:
On the artistic expression of Zuiweng Pavilion.
Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion depicts the twilight scene and the interest of the four seasons around Zuiweng Pavilion in Langya Mountain with exquisite brushwork, profound feelings and euphemistic rules, which expresses the author's carefree and elegant feelings of expressing his feelings about mountains and rivers, and also reflects the carefree and broad-minded feelings of this politician in the Northern Song Dynasty after he was relegated. This essay is full of beautiful scenery and interest, and it is this beautiful scenery and interest that makes this essay have eternal aesthetic value.
1. Beautiful composition
Langya Mountain, a hill winding in the eastern Anhui plain, has neither the magic of Huangshan nor the beauty of Lushan, nor the majesty of Emei. Zuiweng Pavilion is just a small pavilion next to Langya Road. It lacks the majestic momentum of Tengwangge, which perches on the river, and the majestic realm of flying pavilions and flowing Dan. However, this ordinary hill and unpretentious pavilion has become so beautiful and interesting after Ouyang Xiu's generous rendering and description, which has affected many people's wandering throughout the ages. This wonderful artistic technique of the author is first manifested in the exquisite composition. The author turned Langya Mountain and Zuiweng Pavilion into vivid landscape paintings and colorful prose poems from three aspects: spatial position, time change and dynamic and static collocation.
In spatial position, the author does not write mountains, waters and pavilions in isolation, but interweaves them to form a unified whole, each with its own so-called four seasons. It's like this when you look at the mountains and it's like this at dusk. The so-called transformation of dusk is different. If there are hundreds of mountains in one mountain, this painting is unexpected. It seems that Ouyang Xiu's Drunk Pavilion is also "unexpected" in painting. The four paragraphs of the full text all contain the word "music". The first paragraph describes the reasons for the naming of Zuiweng Pavilion, explains the meaning of Zuiweng Pavilion, and mainly points out the "pleasure of mountains and rivers" of the fine wine drunk by Zuiweng Pavilion. The second paragraph describes the sunset in the mountains and the beautiful scenery of the four seasons to show its "endless joy"; The third paragraph describes the joy of tourists, the joy of feasting, and also implies the satrap "having fun with the people"; The fourth paragraph describes the joy of birds, pointing out positively that Taishou's joy is the joy of all things. Through the whole structure, with the word "music" as the center, the author narrates the fun from five aspects: mountains and rivers, birds' songs, tourists, guests and satrap, and finally points out that the intoxicating joy is contained in the above kinds of fun to show its breadth and high interest. In this way, a politician's magnanimity and generosity in the face of setbacks are fully demonstrated.
Second, use the method of deformation and contraction to write landscapes and people.
The title of this article is Zuiweng Pavilion, but the author did not write Zuiweng Pavilion at first, but paved four layers: one is surrounded by mountains; Southwest Qunfeng, second floor; Magnificent and beautiful Langya, three floors; It comes from the brewing spring between the two peaks and has four layers. Finally, I pointed out the Zuiweng Pavilion standing on the spring. In this way, the landscape framework gradually narrowed, and finally concentrated on the Zuiweng Pavilion, forming a close-up shot, which made readers leave a clear and accurate impression on Zuiweng Pavilion and its geographical location in Chuzhou.
This method of shrinking layer by layer is not only reflected in the description of Zuiweng Pavilion in the first paragraph, but also in the structure of the whole article. The author first writes about the joy of mountains and rivers in a wide range and from multiple angles, then writes about the joy of tourists resting on the road and trees with a long lens, then focuses on the scene of a banquet to write about the joy of all guests, and finally makes a close-up, with white hair too defensive and collapsed. In this way, the layers are reduced, the connection is close, not only the structure is close, but also the lens is more and more clear. With the method of holding the moon and the stars, the main characters and emotions to be expressed are concentrated and vividly displayed.
Third, pay attention to the care before and after, pay attention to bedding.
This article pays great attention to the bedding and care of rules and regulations. For example, in the first paragraph, it is suggested that the satrap should be less drunk and the year is the highest. The third paragraph describes Taishou's "pale face and white hair" at the banquet, forming a care before and after. Another example is "the setting sun is on the mountain, the figure is scattered, the satrap returns, and the guests follow", which is also a kind of care with the previous "morning and night return". In addition, as at the beginning of the article, only Yun was drunk, only saying that he was a satrap, but who was the satrap? Don't bother, the following paragraphs only use the term "Taishou" repeatedly, and * * * uses as many as nine, until the last sentence reveals "Who is Taishou?" Lu's show also "made readers suddenly realize that it was the author's' self-discipline'". All these increase the structural interest of this paper.
3. Perfect language
Ouyang Xiu is famous for his ci, and the language of this article is especially distinctive. First of all, he pays great attention to the image and accuracy of words. For example, the words "Chu is surrounded by mountains" at the beginning. According to Zhu, this sentence has dozens of crosses in the draft, which introduces the situation that Chuzhou is surrounded by mountains, and later changed to the above five words. It is indeed concise and accurate to summarize the geographical situation of Chuzhou area in five words. In addition, from the choice of some verbs in the text, we can also see the author's skill in language use. Such as "twists and turns" and "pavilions and wings"
In the dynamic and static collocation, the author also took great pains. Regardless of scenery, people and scenery, people and people, the author pays attention to static movement, which is extremely vivid, and static movement complements each other and is full of fun. The "magnificent" Langya Mountain is silent, but there is a bubbling spring between the two peaks; The shade is silent, but the birds "sing up and down"; There was silence around Zuiweng Pavilion, but on the way, we could see that "the loser sang all the way, and the walker rested on a tree." The former calls, the latter answers, lowers his head and keeps going back and forth. " As for the description of characters, there is silence in the movement. Among the tourists coming and going constantly, among the noisy guests sitting up, the satrap is white-haired and self-effacing. This method of dynamic and static interaction makes the picture full of vitality without confusion, thus once again showing the exquisiteness of the author's composition.
2. Exquisite structure
The subtle structure of this paper is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:
First, the theme of "music" runs through the whole article, focusing on expressing the author's broad-minded feelings after being relegated.
In sentences such as "get to the bottom of it", the verbs are extremely concise and vivid. Mountain peaks and roads are still lives, but the author uses "back" and "turn" to make them active, vividly showing the winding form of spring water flowing beside mountain roads; "Wing" is a noun, but the author animated it, vividly showing the commanding flight situation of Zuiweng Pavilion.
This paper not only uses notional words vividly and accurately, but also creatively uses function words. For example, the word "ye" is used 2 1 times in this article, and it is used continuously at the end of the sentence. In this way, it is not only boring, but also very vivid, which increases the lyrical charm of the article; At the same time, every word "ye" has a meaning, which makes the hierarchical relationship extremely clear.
The last thing to mention is the sense of rhythm of language. It absorbs the symmetrical beauty of China's parallel prose, and avoids the disadvantages of this style, which is euphemistic, fluent and sonorous. Syntactically, antitheses are used alternately, and some simple sentences appear in pairs, such as "Work at sunrise, bloom in the forest" versus "The clouds return to the cave"; Some antitheses, such as "Fish near the stream, the stream is deep and fish is fat" and "Spring wine is bitter when brewed". Some three sentences are in pairs, such as "The sunset is on the mountain, the figure is scattered, the satrap returns, the guests obey" to "The Woods are overcast, the songs are up and down, the tourists go, and the birds are singing happily". This symmetrical sentence pattern, sometimes mixed with single-line clauses, makes reading cadence and ups and downs, and develops the formal beauty of Chinese characters to a new realm.