Confucianism attaches great importance to people's moral life. Five Blessingg (longevity, wealth, corning, friendship, virtue, and ultimate fate after taking the exam) is mentioned in Shang Shu Hong Fan. Among them, there are two things about life, namely longevity and ultimate fate after taking the exam, and there are also six poles (fierceness, short life, illness, anxiety, poverty, evil and weakness). It can be seen that they think that the good death of the body is a blessing, while the short life and illness of the body are not good.
But they think there is something more important than life, that is, "virtue". Confucius said, "A benevolent man is born without harm, and a benevolent man dies" (The Analects of Wei Linggong). "If you ask, you will die in the evening.
"(Liren). In Confucius' view, the most important thing for people is "Tao" and "benevolence".
Mencius expounded this point clearly. He said: "Life is what I want; Righteousness is also what I want. You can't have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness.
Life is what I want. I want it more than the living, so I don't want it. I hate death, too. Death is more terrible than the dead, so I can't avoid it. If people only want life, why not use those who can have life? If people are worse than the dead, why not avoid the patients? "("Mencius Gaozi Shang ") That is to say, there are more important things in life than life.
So he often uses "life" instead of "life". At that time, the son who argued with him thought that "being born for sex" meant that life was life.
Mencius believes that if people talk about life, they are no different from dogs and cows, just sex. China's ancient view of life and death Confucianism is the orthodox and mainstream of China culture, and it also has the greatest influence on China.
Confucianism attaches great importance to people's moral life. Five Blessingg (longevity, wealth, corning, friendship, virtue, and ultimate fate after taking the exam) is mentioned in Shang Shu Hong Fan. Among them, there are two things about life, namely longevity and ultimate fate after taking the exam, and there are also six poles (fierceness, short life, illness, anxiety, poverty, evil and weakness). It can be seen that they think that the good death of the body is a blessing, while the short life and illness of the body are not good.
But they think there is something more important than life, that is, "virtue". Confucius said, "A benevolent man is born without harm, and a benevolent man dies" (The Analects of Wei Linggong). "If you ask, you will die in the evening.
"(Liren). In Confucius' view, the most important thing for people is "Tao" and "benevolence".
Mencius expounded this point clearly. He said: "Life is what I want; Righteousness is also what I want. You can't have both, and you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness.
Life is what I want. I want it more than the living, so I don't want it. I hate death, too. Death is more terrible than the dead, so I can't avoid it. If people only want life, why not use those who can have life? If people are worse than the dead, why not avoid the patients? "("Mencius Gaozi Shang ") That is to say, there are more important things in life than life.
So he often uses "life" instead of "life". At that time, the son who argued with him thought that "being born for sex" meant that life was life.
Mencius believed that people are no different from dogs and cows in life, but only in sex. "People are different from animals, Shu Ren to it, the gentleman to stay.
(Li Lou) It is because of "a little hope" that talents are different from animals. Therefore, if you choose between life and "benevolence and righteousness", you should "give your life for righteousness".
But they don't deny life, and they don't value life, but in the case of only one of them, they can only choose the latter. In their view, as long as people are alive, they have to do things for a day and don't have to care about future death.
It is natural that life must die. Yang Xiong of the Han Dynasty thought: "The living must die; There is a beginning and an end, and the way of nature is also.
"("Fa Yan Gentleman ") He opposed the immortal theory. Wang Chong also said: "Madam, things are also, although they are princes, there is no difference between sex and things.
Everything dies, but man is immortal. "("Lun Heng Dao Xu ") Fan Zhen said in the Northern and Southern Dynasties:" The existence of form means the existence of God, and the gratitude of form means the elimination of God.
"("The Extinction of Immortals ") In the Song Dynasty, Zhu said:" Where people are born, the essence is gathered. People only have time when they are angry.
When you are exhausted, you will die. When people are dying, hot air comes out, which is called mental decline.
Therefore, there must be death in life, and there must be an end to the beginning. "("Biography of Zhu "Volume III) Ming Confucianism said:" Life is bound to die, and sages are no different from others.
If you die, you will live with heaven and earth, and the sun and the moon will be bright, but you are just a saint! "(anthology). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Fuzhi thought it was necessary to "cherish life" because life can carry righteousness.
He said: "saints are human disciples, and human disciples are born." Since you are human, you should cherish your life.
"(Book of Changes, Volume II)" Life is precious because it carries righteousness; Life depends on righteousness, and life can be abandoned. " (Shangshu Yi Yin Da) 2. Taoism and Taoist view of life and death.
Taoism is also an important part of China culture. So their outlook on life and death is also very important.
I don't talk much about life and death. He thinks that a person pays less attention to his own life, but can better preserve himself.
"Front and back, body and body" (Chapter 7). Lao Tzu seems to find that a person who exposes himself too much will be hurt by the outside world.
"A strong army is destroyed, but a strong wood is broken" (Chapter 76). Therefore, the best way to save lives is to "deal with things that everyone hates".
It is harmful to pay too much attention to your health. "Life, death is nine times out of ten.
Husband, why, with his thick life. "(Chapter 50)" A husband who is ignorant of life is virtuous to your life "(Chapter 75).
The value of health preservation lies in "frugality", so it is necessary to "go to luxury". Regarding death, Lao Tzu thinks that "those who have not lost their position for a long time, those who die without dying, live a long life" and "those who die without dying". Wang Bi explained that "the body is no longer there, but the Tao is still there". Only by creating people with Tao can we live forever. Laozi said: "Those who are engaged in Taoism are also fellow Taoists" (Chapter 38). Zhuangzi made a detailed and profound discussion on life and death.
He believes that life and death are both stages in Dahua's operation, so there is no need to panic about death and let nature take its course. Man is an existing form of "Qi". "Life is full of qi, which leads to life when gathered, and death when scattered" (The Journey to the West).
He thinks that life and death are only changes in form. He said: "In ancient times, real people lived if they got it, and died if they lost it.
2. What are the poems about life and death? 1. When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death live in peace. -Wen Tianxiang's Song Zhengqi
Interpretation: when this meaning goes straight into the sky and runs through the sun and the moon, there is no need to talk about life and death!
2, the country's life and death, don't avoid it because of disaster. -Lin Zexu's Two Poems about Going to the Garrison for Family.
Interpretation: If it is for the good of the country, I will disregard life and death. If you are lucky, can you avoid troubles and face difficulties?
It's better to hold the incense on the branch and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind. -Zheng Sixiao's "Cold Chrysanthemum/Painting Chrysanthemum"
Interpretation: I would rather die in the fragrance of the branches than blow in the cold north wind!
If you cry to heaven, what will happen to life and death? -May Yao Chen's "Rufen Poor Girl"
Interpretation: it is a dilemma for me to touch my chest and stomp my feet and shout at the sky!
5, life and death are long, get together. -Liu Zongyuan's Max Zhang Skeleton
Interpretation: There is no distance between life and death, and they are all based on gathering or dispersing.
6. Report to the golden stage and support Yulong to die for you! -Li He's "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing"
Interpretation: Just to repay the king's kindness, he held a sword and died.
7. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. -"Mencius"
Interpretation: In this way, we know that sadness and injury are enough to make people live, and comfort and enjoyment are enough to make people perish.
8. Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history. -Wen Tianxiang's "Zero Ding Yang"
Interpretation: Who can live forever since ancient times? I want to leave a patriotic heart that reflects history.
9. Silkworms will weave until they die in spring, and candles will drain the wick every night. -Li Shangyin Untitled It was a long time before I met her, but it was even longer after we broke up.
Interpretation: Spring silkworms spit out silk until they die, and candles burn to ashes to drip dry teardrop wax oil.
10, life is a hero, death is a ghost. -Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"
Interpretation: You should be a hero in life and a hero in ghosts after death.
3. The ancients' view of death Confucius: How do you know death if you don't know it? Again: birds of a feather flock together, so do people. Generally speaking, Confucianism does not insist on natural death. However, it attaches great importance to funerals and sacrifices after death. The so-called "burial with ceremony, sacrifice with ceremony". Mencius also said: "I don't want to die young, so I want to cultivate my morality, so I want to settle down." Don't care too much about life. But they are more concerned about the life span of their parents. Confucius once said: You must know the age of your parents, and you must be happy and afraid.
Laozi: "So, the wind never ends in the morning, and the showers never end in the whole day. Who is this? Heaven and earth. Heaven and earth cannot last long, but what about people? " Advocating Taoism and nature, transcending life and death, or thinking that personal life and death are actually very small for heaven and earth or nature. Zhuangzi even put forward the view that all things are of the same origin, so the length of life actually doesn't make much sense. Therefore, there is a saying of "Qi Pengyi".
Of course, for individuals, the ancients actually had many people who were afraid of death, but more of them advocated a fair death.
Buddhism has the theory of reincarnation, and life and death is a process of reincarnation. Karma, life and death have life, this life is fate, is the cause of this life, but also the cause of the next life.
4. Zhuangzi is a Taoist. The Taoist view of life and death, "He who doesn't know, lives without knowing evil", and the Confucian view of life and death, compared with "murder and justice".
Zhuangzi said, "I don't know the fate of ancient times, but I don't know that evil is dead. They didn't welcome people at first, but they did it quickly, but they didn't forget to seek the joy of ending. Forgetting the so-called paradise in full swing can't help but make people lose their way. This is called truth. "
Old life, I don't know how to live, I don't know the fear of death. When he was born, was he happy or dead? He did not refuse. Freedom, freedom. He won't forget where I came from and won't pursue his own final result. It belongs to nature to accept and forget life and death.
Zhuangzi said, "If so, his heart has forgotten his silence." "There are four seasons of joy and anger, but it should be, but I don't know its extreme." These real faces look quiet and indifferent, so my heart can forget all the emotions associated with seasonal temperament and can calmly deal with things in life.
Zhuangzi's attitude towards death, really expressed, is not afraid of death, and he never begged for death.
Confucianism says that lofty ideals can kill people, but "lay down one's life to safeguard a bigger fact."
There are two different attitudes towards life in the long river of history, Confucianism and Taoism. The attitude of Confucianism is a martyr, while that of Taoism is Goldsmith. The attitude of Confucianism is to seize the time and seize the limited time to establish. Streamer is in line with the Taoist attitude, that is, seize every minute, go to music students, have a prospect for life, and finally achieve the same value for life. However, the value judgment of life will never be the same.
Some people pay more attention to history, leave a name in history, make the important contribution of society and personal life pay the price, and hope to build a society. Some pay more attention to their inner perfection and solve their own moral reasons.
If it is the former, he doesn't want to live more in the latter and be indifferent. In fact, this is that Confucianism and Taoism appear in our hearts at the same time, and our attitudes are different.
BR/& amp； gt； In fact, China's attitude towards life and death is often manifested in two different attitudes, represented by Qu Yuan and Sima Qian respectively.
When Qu Yuan was born, the Warring States was in troubled times. As a scholar, when he met a massacre in Qin Baiqi, the capital of Chu, he could still go to many countries, but he knew that his ancestral temple and his country were doomed. End his life because it came back together.
Qu Yuan's death was a martyr, but it was also a kind of helplessness. Mr. Guo Moruo's words were torn up in a beautiful vision that could not realize the ideal reality. Therefore, such people must take such a tragic and decisive way to treat life.
a & gt
Sima Qian's famous letter to Ren 'an's good friend, which is called "Letter to Ren 'an", completely shows his attitude towards life and death. In the letter, Sima Qian reviewed the whole process of his imprisonment and torture. He said he was innocent and framed. No one will come to save him from low-level civilian and military use. In this case, of course, he can choose to die to maintain his dignity.
However, he didn't. He accepted the most unbearable shame as a man: resurrection and genital mutilation. His task has not been completed yet. He means Tian-he has made a "historical record" through the past to the present.
The career entrusted to him by a historian came from his father, Sima Tan, who told him that 500 years after the death of Qi Huangong and 500 years after the death of Confucius, no one could "preserve" and "continue" the records and historical heritage of such an era as the Spring and Autumn Period. So, on his deathbed, Sima Tan entrusted Sima Qian with the task of compiling Historical Records. Therefore, Sima Qian said that in the face of history, the task he entrusted lasted for 500 years. His attitude is that the children dare not let Yantian leave his post. He would rather be humiliated than commit suicide for such a big thing. His attitude is that Sima Qian is dead.
5. Zhuangzi is a Taoist. The Taoist view of life and death, "He who doesn't know, lives without knowing evil", and the Confucian view of life and death, compared with "murder and justice".
Zhuangzi said, "I don't know the fate of ancient times, but I don't know that evil is dead. They didn't welcome people at first, but they did it quickly, but they didn't forget to seek the joy of ending. Forgetting the so-called paradise in full swing can't help but make people lose their way. This is called truth. "
Old life, I don't know how to live, I don't know the fear of death. When he was born, was he happy or dead? He did not refuse. Freedom, freedom. He won't forget where I came from and won't pursue his own final result. It belongs to nature to accept and forget life and death.
Zhuangzi said, "If so, his heart has forgotten his silence." "There are four seasons of joy and anger, but it should be, but I don't know its extreme." These real faces look quiet and indifferent, so my heart can forget all the emotions associated with seasonal temperament and can calmly deal with things in life.
Zhuangzi's attitude towards death, really expressed, is not afraid of death, and he never begged for death.
Confucianism says that lofty ideals can kill people, but "lay down one's life to safeguard a bigger fact."
There are two different attitudes towards life in the long river of history, Confucianism and Taoism. The attitude of Confucianism is a martyr, while that of Taoism is Goldsmith. The attitude of Confucianism is to seize the time and seize the limited time to establish. Streamer is in line with the Taoist attitude, that is, seize every minute, go to music students, have a prospect for life, and finally achieve the same value for life. However, the value judgment of life will never be the same.
Some people pay more attention to history, leave a name in history, make the important contribution of society and personal life pay the price, and hope to build a society. Some pay more attention to their inner perfection and solve their own moral reasons.
If it is the former, he doesn't want to live more in the latter and be indifferent. In fact, this is that Confucianism and Taoism appear in our hearts at the same time, and our attitudes are different.
BR/& amp； gt； In fact, China's attitude towards life and death is often manifested in two different attitudes, represented by Qu Yuan and Sima Qian respectively.
When Qu Yuan was born, the Warring States was in troubled times. As a scholar, when he met a massacre in Qin Baiqi, the capital of Chu, he could still go to many countries, but he knew that his ancestral temple and his country were doomed. End his life because it came back together.
Qu Yuan's death was a martyr, but it was also a kind of helplessness. Mr. Guo Moruo's words were torn up in a beautiful vision that could not realize the ideal reality. Therefore, such people must take such a tragic and decisive way to treat life.
a & gt
Sima Qian's famous letter to Ren An's good friend, named "Letter to Ren An", fully shows his attitude towards life and death. In the letter, Sima Qian reviewed the whole process of his imprisonment and torture. He said he was innocent and framed. No one will come to save him from low-level civilian and military use. In this case, of course, he can choose to die to maintain his dignity.
However, he didn't. He accepted the most unbearable shame as a man: resurrection and genital mutilation. His task has not been completed yet. He means Tian-he has made a "historical record" through the past to the present.
The career entrusted to him by a historian came from his father, Sima Tan, who told him that 500 years after the death of Qi Huangong and 500 years after the death of Confucius, no one could "preserve" and "continue" the records and historical heritage of such an era as the Spring and Autumn Period. So, on his deathbed, Sima Tan entrusted Sima Qian with the task of compiling Historical Records. Therefore, Sima Qian said that in the face of history, the task he entrusted lasted for 500 years. His attitude is that the children dare not let Yantian leave his post. He would rather be humiliated than commit suicide for such a big thing. His attitude is that Sima Qian is dead.
6. Write two ancient people's understanding of life and death (mark the author). Who never dies in life since ancient times, who takes the heart of Dan as a mirror of history.
People are inherently mortal, either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather.
Fame and fortune, something. Life does not bring, death does not bring.
Life and death are life, and wealth is in the sky.
I smiled in the face of death, and the devil's palace was shaken in my laughter!
Don't be afraid of being smashed into pieces, leaving innocence in the world!
Death knows that everything is empty, but sorrow does not see Kyushu.
Ping shi ten thousand heads of blood, save Li Kun.
Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
Life is a hero, and death is a hero.
Generous Yan city, calmly do Chu prison, lead the knife into the fast, do not raise your head!
Shui Han, the strong man is gone forever!
Drunk lying on the battlefield, you don't laugh, there have been several wars in ancient times.
Why are they buried in every corner of the castle peak when they die?
Indulge in painting, you know that the age of youth is coming. In fact, wealth and status are floating away like clouds to me.
But if you think singing has ghosts and gods, you know that you will starve to death and make up for it.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats!
So he went to the underworld to recruit Kibaki and cut Yamaraja with a standard of 100,000.
In order to get rid of the king's worldly affairs and win his fame before and after his death.
Take life and death as righteousness.
People can't die easily, their heads fall off and the bowl is a big scar!
Eighteen years later, he became a hero again!
-These two sentences are very common among Jianghu people.
Many things, ancient and modern, are paid in a joke.
Life and death are rich and prosperous, and the son inherits it. Hold your hand and grow old together.
I will do my best for the interests of my country until I die.
The official sea rises and falls like a gull, and the book of life and death is like a squid.
If you are less than a hundred years old, you will always be worried about being a thousand years old. "
"Life is suddenly like sending, and life is not solid."
"In life, the election suddenly settled."
"Life is not a stone, how can we live longer?"
"Life between heaven and earth, suddenly like a traveler.
The peach blossom and plum blossom I saw this year have rotted in color. I wonder who can see the beautiful flowers in the flowering season next year? Spent a similar year, each year is different.