Problem description:
What do you mean, good water? Where did it come from?
What are the allusions?
Analysis:
From "Lao Zi"
Old He Zi of the South said
Chapter 9: It is better to persist than to have it; You can't keep it for long. Happy from now on, can't keep it; Being rich and arrogant is to blame. Retirement after work is heaven. From "being as good as water" to "not arguing for nothing special", Samadhi, which is quoted and applied, explains the laws of heaven and nature, so it is quoted in the philosophy and art of life, which constitutes a series of Laozi aphorisms and aphorisms in this chapter. First of all, he said, "It is better to persist than to have it." It can be understood from two levels: (1) If one can really understand the laws of nature, then the natural life is sufficient. If we can make good use of the truth of life and respond to the real world, we can enjoy ourselves. If you forget the beauty of your original life, but use the richness of your original life to expand your desires and seek endless satisfaction, then you will surely taste infinite bitter fruit. It is better to be content with happiness than to be insatiable, and contentment with happiness is the best way out. (2) warn people in real life that if they can keep their grades, it is the most realistic and greatest happiness. If you have more luxuries and desires and feel uneasy about reality, you should seek more expansion on the achievements you have already held and pursue further surplus in satisfaction. In the end, the loss will outweigh the gain. It's best to keep the standard you have obtained. In short, the key point of this concept lies in a "holding" trick. Whether Thailand can be protected with profits depends on the wisdom of relevant parties. From the second level, this sentence of Laozi is a good advice to the governors and ministers in power at that time. So there is tax on it, and it can't be guaranteed for a long time. Happiness from now on, can't stay. Rich and arrogant, blame yourself "and so on. "Chuai" is a very prominent and sharp metaphor. The original meaning of "wooden pair" is to add a hook to the beam. Used here, extended play, and sharp "sharp" interlinked. If a person has mastered a sharp weapon, but he is not satisfied with the status quo, he should be sharper on the blade. As the saying goes, "sharpen the knife and cut the wood by mistake", then the original blade will be hard to protect. This describes a person's intelligence, power, wealth, etc. Everyone needs to know when to protect themselves and to what extent. If you have wisdom but don't know modesty, if you have power but don't know how to retreat, if you have wealth but don't know enough, you will not be able to protect yourself for a long time and bring your own destruction. For example, when wealth reaches the level of happiness, we can't fully understand Tao Zhugong's philosophy and art. Finally, if we want to keep the existing interests, we can't get it. People often laugh at some rich people as "misers". In fact, it is not easy to "keep" money! The knowledge of "raising" is great! Therefore, the ancients had the eternal motto that "it is difficult to start a business, it is difficult to keep a business" and "it is difficult to be a monarch and a minister". On the other hand, a person living in a rich environment, but not knowing wealth itself, is the factor that attracts future disasters. If you are arrogant because you are rich and do it because you are expensive, you will not be able to pass yourself, and you will eventually attract bad consequences and endless future troubles. At this point, we think of many historical stories, which can disprove the authenticity of these famous sayings of Laozi. Now I just casually present the information of emperors, generals and generals in history for a little inspiration. In our historical experience, the history of the rise and fall of emperors' entrepreneurship and demise is a record of karma. Therefore, to be the king of your own success, you should be "cautious" at all times, and remember the truth mentioned in this chapter of Laozi, so as to protect the inheritance and secure the country for a long time. Qi Huangong, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, once questioned history and asked Guan Zhong, "Three kings killed their kings in the past. Today, when we talk about benevolence and righteousness, we must take the three kings as statutes. Why don't you know why? " Yes (Guan Zhong said): Yu Ping used to rule the world. He was rebellious and chaotic. Yu Gong put soup to make sure. Tang Ping rules the world, and it is chaotic. The king of Wu replaced Zhou in order to make the soup work. Moreover, good scissors can't be cut well, and they have not changed since ancient times. Why do you doubt it? Gong () asked again: What did you lose when the ancient country perished? For Japan (Guan Zhong said): Counting land and treasures (only counting the existing big businesses interested in owning land and treasures) is not a loss (regardless of the inevitable harm of future losses). The vassal got the finance committee (for local governors, he was only required to give property or fief), without considering the loss (but without considering the consequences of local governors' disgust and resentment). The people consider their loved ones (for ordinary people, they are only satisfied with their vanity and kindness), but they don't give up (regardless of the tragic end that they don't really obey and will be opposed by everyone). Of the three, one is enough. People everywhere will die. Those who died in an ancient country were not caused by it, but by it. Pleasure is essential, and I don't know if it is evil. What Guan Zhong said here is that "if you don't do it, you will do it yourself, and if you don't know it, you will suffer from evil", which means that you only see the small profits of the past few days and ignore the big evils. That is to say, Dong Zhongshu's "The Story of the Spring and Autumn Period" refers to "the Spring and Autumn Period was 240 years, killing the king for 36 years and subjugating the country for 52 years, and it was full of evil." "Small evil" refers to a small mistake, so small that it will eventually lead to great disaster, even the destruction of the family. Emperors who started businesses and inherited the system in the past dynasties, if they didn't deeply understand the traditional Taoist philosophy mentioned by Laozi, would end up as miserable as the last emperor who came to Shundi at the age of thirteen in Liu and Song Dynasties, just like Ming Sizong, and they didn't know why they suffered such a painful cause and effect until their death. The tragedy in Chinese and foreign history, the remote cause of the French Revolution, began as early as18th century (Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty) when France became the leader of Britain. He is Louis XIV, calling himself "the king of the sun". In addition to being militaristic and extravagant, the famous Palace of Versailles and other places were built. In 50 to 60 years, it was handed over to the great-grandson Louis XV. After extreme luxury, I realized that "it is better to stick to it than to have it", but instead, I intensified my "taxation". So it left a huge national debt of 4 billion to future generations-Louis XVI. Such a situation, of course, can not be guaranteed for a long time. But Louis XVI knew it was dangerous. He never made drastic reform efforts, even targeted. In the end, "happiness can't be kept from now on." Being rich and arrogant is self-defeating. " Louis XVI's palace life at Versailles cost the country a lot of money, which is amazing. Whenever foreign monarchs or courtiers visit, Louis XVI holds a feast at Versailles. After a banquet, it costs tens of millions, and it is the fun of a long night. Actors, singers and girls will go in and out of the palace gate day and night, dancing with feathers and singing clothes. Versailles drinks as much as 790,000 francs a year. In addition, fish alone amounted to 3.47 million francs. There is also the cost of candles, which is also more than 50 thousand francs. As for the maids and maids used in the palace, it is even more incredible. For example, there are as many as 259 chefs in the Imperial Kitchen, and the annual salary of its chief chef is 84,000 francs. The king has nearly a thousand secretaries, each with an annual salary of 200,000 francs. There are as many as 500 maids in the Queen, each with an annual salary of at least 12000 francs. Versailles has a total of 16000 maids and courtiers, not including ordinary nobles and courtiers. There are 8900 royal horses and 100 royal vehicles in the palace. So whenever Louis XVI went out to get rich, his team grew like a festival, with countless chariots and horses in a long snake array, ministers dressed in purple and yellow, and ladies-in-waiting dressed in beautiful clothes. That kind of prestige is really the unity of heaven and man. Together, the royal family spends one-fifth of the total revenue of the national treasury every year. In addition, there are nearly 10,000 guards who spend more than 3 million yuan every year. Queen Anthony, that's even more extravagant. Her bracelet alone can be worth seven or eight million francs, not to mention other jewels. As for the annuities of those officials and nobles, they are not included in the royal funds. At that time, the Palace of Versailles, located on the outskirts of Paris, had 29 gardens, four watchtowers, fountains and waterfalls, and flowers bloomed all year round, making the trip extremely pleasant. It's a pity that Louis XVI failed to "defend the interests and protect Thailand". On the contrary, it contributed to the early arrival of the Great Revolution, and both herself and Queen Antoine went to the guillotine, leaving them to cry and mourn for future generations with infinite sympathy. Some people compare the fall of Queen Antoinette of Louis XVI to Cixi in the late Qing Dynasty. Although not entirely, they all made the mistake of "speculating to increase taxes, but not guaranteeing for a long time", but they are all the same. In fact, wealth is easy to make people arrogant, and complacency is easy to get carried away, which is a common problem of human psychology. Especially in the past, emperors and grandchildren were born in palaces and raised by eunuchs and maids-in-waiting, so they didn't understand all kinds of human society. Therefore, in our history, there is often a kind of self-pity. When Xiao Daocheng forced thirteen-year-old Liu Zhun, the last emperor of Liu and Song Dynasties, to give way, the poor little emperor knew that he would die, and he was so scared that he casually asked Wang Jingze, the conspirator minister of Xiao Daocheng, "Are you going to kill me today?" Wang Jing said, "Don't be afraid, move to another palace. The official family (the name of the emperor) used to take the Sima family, and the same is true. " Liu Zhun cried and said, "I hope I will live in the next life, and I will not resurrect the royal family!" The same problem also happened in the Ming Dynasty (Chongzhen). When Li Chuangwang led the troops into the palace, four cases hacked to death their daughter Princess Changping with swords and sighed, "Why did you give birth to my family!" It can be understood that hermits and aristocrats who went deep into the traditional Taoist philosophy of past dynasties did so not because they were afraid of being rich, so they had the idea that "it is not too early to avoid the world and not too deep to enter the mountains". Historical celebrities, rich or poor, have countless stories of this kind of life experience. Now let's take a few poems that play a negative role to make people think. A careful understanding of the poems of several famous people in the second Southern and Northern Dynasties in China's history-Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, can help us understand the profound meaning of the chapter on life philosophy in Laozi. Perhaps these works are too pessimistic and low-key However, life must experience sadness to inspire the courage of construction. This is what Mr. Zhao Yi, a historian and great writer in the Qing Dynasty, said in the poem "Yuan Bei Shi Hua": The prosperity of the body leads to the death, and the literature of the two dynasties declines. Without officials, Zhou Su was not hurt, and he was very worried about losing his bow. Walking in the temple, orchids are sad at night, and jingshi trees are crying in the autumn wind. The unfortunate poets of the country are lucky, they have been endowed with vicissitudes. The following are philosophical and literary works that reflect that "Fule can't stay from now on, but he is rich and arrogant, and he can't live with his own evils" in the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Liao's Song of the Geisha is the best in Kyushu and was collected by his predecessors. Future generations should not be happy to receive it, but more people should receive it in the future. Life, indeed. But people can't escape and know it! Autumn Night in Jin and Yuan Dynasties is full of breath in the second half of life, and the depression is like decadence. Chun Lei said that he was surprised by the empty households. He had never been into the basin on a bright day. Send water to people, add tears, Wu Yun has no dream to return to the soul. For a hundred years, everything is about the body. Who is drinking? Finally, everyone will inevitably feel this way. This is probably the case regardless of world peace or chaos. Unfortunately, Wu Wushan's philosophical viewpoint, which has experienced ups and downs personally, is a feeling of "who is drinking whose wine, talk about it in detail". Unless you have a drink with Lao Tzu, you may be able to smile. Few people know the taste of Liu Yuan Yi Cong's poems about leisure and dreams, and the matrix of making a living is career. Zhuangzhou Pillow is not a real butterfly, but also a fake snake of Yueguang Cup. Fame is half a piece of paper behind him, and he preaches a pool of frogs at night. In the dream, it is said that dreams are all dreams, and home is everywhere outside the home. "How many people learn the Tao before they know the taste" can be the next general comment of readers of Laozi. "The matrix of making a living is career", and in the end, everyone is the same. If you can know that "dreams are dreams, you forget your home everywhere and go home everywhere." Why do you have to practice in the mountains to get rid of it? Yuan Milansha's Poem of Seeking Immortals has been written for 40 years. It was written by Qian Qian. A family is rich and resentful, and its fame is immortal for half its life. The purple robe of tooth water is gone today, and the mango shoes and bamboo sticks are leisurely. Someone asked me about Penglai. Clouds are in the mountains and water is in the sky. "Rich families have thousands of grievances, and their fame is immortal for half their lives." I really see through the worldly wisdom of ancient and modern China and foreign countries. Because of this, if we want to maintain a happy and prosperous life for a long time, we must be well aware of the inappropriateness of "taxation by speculation" and the horror of "being arrogant when you are rich, leaving yourself to blame" and dying quickly. On the occasion of survival, "loftiness will lead to depravity, and accumulation will dissipate." Fate will go after all, life is salty and light, and you will die old. "This is a famous saying of Buddhism, and it is also the basic view of the idea of being born. Taoist philosophy, represented by Laozi, can be born into the WTO, but he has the elixir of life and the seven-word mantra of "dispersing without fatigue": "Success, retreat, heaven. "One auxiliary word has been removed, and there are only six mantras. Many writers in later generations, feeling their feelings unfinished, inserted a sentence or two, which became a nine-character mantra and became a "heaven of fame and retirement." "Seven-word mantra or nine-word mantra, although it is still very natural and unrestrained, but in the general concept, I always feel too depressed and low-key. In fact, everyone just forgot to observe the "heaven" of nature, so they felt depressed. If we carefully observe heaven, we will naturally "retire after success." Plants, flowers, fruits and other plant worlds have completed their life tasks in silence and disappeared without a trace. The animal world is endless, alternating from generation to generation. Who can withdraw from life unnaturally? If there is, it's just that people refuse to die and rest, and always want to catch it in the impossible and try to possess it permanently in the impossible. How sad it is to want to go against nature! As for Lao Tzu's famous saying, is it a natural philosophy that heaven cannot be cured easily? Or do you have some insight into the situation in which he lived at that time to alert the world? There seems no need to argue. However, in the ancient history and culture of our country, from the point of view of Confucianism and Taoism, philosophers such as Confucius and Mencius, known as the former kings, also highly praised Yao Shun's actions. The way of Yao and Shun is commendable, which is the best example of "the way to success, the way to retreat". As for three generations later, almost none of the dramas that pushed the country to the throne, wanted to show that they were "retired after their achievements" and claimed to be the emperor's father, and none of them had a happy ending. Secondly, such as the abdication of Northern Wei Wendi in the early Qing Dynasty and the tonsure of Shunzhi's entry into Wutai Mountain, all of them have ulterior motives and are by no means feelings of "retiring after success". After Qin and Han Dynasties, we can see the styles of the most influential people in history, which are slightly similar to those of Taoism, such as Sean and Zhuge Liang in Han Dynasty. Originally, they all wanted to "retire after work", but unfortunately their experience still failed. Although Sean refused to take credit, he only succumbed to the "Left" land and became the "Liu Hou", but he could not help himself. He can't "slip away" even if he adds three drops of water. He is an isolated demigod. As a result, he was inevitably killed by Lv Hou's diet. On the contrary, it is more cost-effective than Zhuge Wuhou's "do your best and die before you die". Perhaps the lessons of this historical experience made Taoist figures, such as Bao Puzi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Tao Hongjing in the Southern Dynasties, more cautious. Ge Hong left early, demanding that he be appointed as a hook and leak order, taking his official career as a seclusion, and secretly practicing his own immortal road to the end. Tao Hongjing, on the other hand, took the name of Shenwumen early and laid back, resulting in the situation of "Prime Minister in the Mountain", making his cave a "true patent" and settling down in the spiritual field. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Wen Zhongzi was educated by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, giving lectures on river flour, which contributed to the establishment of a group of prosperous talents with both civil and military skills in the early Tang Dynasty and made great achievements in humanities and culture. However, their names were also hidden, which led to many textual researches by later generations. Although they have not made great achievements, they are really suitable for retirement. As for Chen Tuan who lived in seclusion in Huashan in the early Song Dynasty, he has completely entered the ranks of Taoist immortals, which is another matter. Han Shizhong in the Southern Song Dynasty, knowing the opportunity, left early, rode the donkey lake and smiled at the mountains, which was a wise and commendable move. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Ji, a loyal and honest man, came out of the mountain with the attitude of Confucianism and Taoism, assisting Zhu Yuanzhang, and his imperial career was successful, but he still could not escape from the enemy. In addition, Liu in the early Yuan Dynasty and Yao in the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty became monks and remained in history. In addition, if you help Zhu Yuanzhang, Zong Ling, a monk who specializes in dealing with foreign affairs and politics in Xifan, is a first-class person regardless of his career knowledge or achievements, but he still can't "retire" and die in Xifan's post. This shows that no matter how smart a person is, it is really not easy for him to completely fit in with "Heaven" all his life! Is "fame and fortune" really unbreakable? However, from the Confucianism after Tang and Song Dynasties, although this famous saying of Laozi was not criticized, it was only changed into a written expression and became a virtue of "humility" or "modesty". In fact, the later Confucianists were unwilling to fully agree with Laozi's thoughts, especially opposed to the theory of cultivating immortals and becoming buddhas, so they fiddled with the appearance of words. The most interesting representative work of this kind of thought is a poem of Qing Dynasty, which uses the title to sing about Lv Chunyang: ten years away from Beijing, the bell falls as soon as it leaves the cover. It was not an unintentional Tang Dynasty, but a mistake. It seems that the gentlemen between Taoism and Confucianism were born after China's entry into the WTO. Is there such a typical figure in history? I think there are many romantic figures between the Northern and Southern Dynasties under the influence of metaphysics in Jin Dynasty. The most standard style is Liang Wudi's famous minister Wei Rui. He is good at politics as well as fighting. He has Zhuge Liang's scarf and feather fan, he has rich commander-in-chief spirit, and he also has the artistic conception of "being good at water" and "not being successful" If Lao Tzu is willing to accept him as an apprentice, Yin Zi, the keeper of Hangu Pass, should be no less. Unfortunately, this era of the Northern and Southern Dynasties is not very prominent in history, so the characters of the Northern and Southern Dynasties have also been forgotten and buried. Wei Rui, whose name is Huaiwen, is from Jingzhao Ling Du. He is a descendant of Wei Xian, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, and a noble family. From an early age, he was appreciated by the ancestors of the county magistrate and was considered to be a talented person who "served the country and had a successful career." During the Southern Qi Rebellion, he was a character and thought that Liang Wudi and Xiao Yan could be regarded as a talented person, so he decided to assist him. Li moved to the right-back of the Prince, served as a general of the auxiliary country and a secretariat of Yuzhou, led the magistrate of Liyang, and then moved to Hefei to be promoted to the title. So he decided to make a northern expedition, and Wei sent Wang Zhongshan as the general to conquer the south, leading the army to resist the enemies in the south. Wei Rui was ordered to unify the Northern Expedition, and repeatedly made meritorious military service. He has been in poor health. Although he fought in the front line, he never rode a horse. He only rode on a white board, holding Bai Ruyi in his hand, and supervised his soldiers. His courage is invincible. Share weal and woe with the foot soldiers at ordinary times, and cherish the subordinates with all your strength, so as to ensure that you are invincible. There is a rumor in the Wei People's Army: "I am not afraid of Xiao Niang and Lu Lao, but I am afraid of Hu Wei. "I'm afraid of him. When the situation was urgent, he sent his confidant Cao to join forces with him, and especially said, "Clear your hometown, do your part, and treat each other with respect." Therefore, when Jing Zong met Wei Rui, he held a ceremony very carefully. But whenever victory, Jing Zong and other generals, are scrambling to report. Only Wei Rui didn't report for a long time and didn't want to win praise. On one occasion, at a victory celebration dinner, Wei Rui and Jing Zong sat at the same table, drunk and hot. Everyone offered to gamble as a pastime and agreed to gamble 200 thousand. Jing Zong lost the first coin toss, and Wei Rui quickly rolled the dice, turning Jing Zong into a winner. Wei Rui himself repeatedly said, "strange! Strange! "In fact, in the early days of the Xiao Liang dynasty, all the giants were assisted by Wei Rui. Liang Wudi knew his talent, but he was never appointed commander-in-chief. Wang Xiaohong of Linchuan was appointed as a marshal, and Cao was sent to fight alongside him. He's afraid of being everywhere. Fortunately, it is not the best policy to let Wei Rui know that he is completely lost in troubled times and living in seclusion in the forest. Only in this way can he do his own thing well, not coveting fame and fortune, and not striving for success. Moreover, when he succeeded, he was deeply humbled and retired to avoid suspicion. Therefore, he lived to be seventy-nine years old and died, but he wore a thin burial with eyes. Finally, when he died, Liang Wudi was moved to wail in person, ending his life in troubled times, as well as the famous drama "Retire after Success, Heaven rewards diligence". Different from Wei Rui's behavior, it is Lu Fahe, a hero of the late Liang Yuan Emperor Xiao Yi and a layman in Jingshan. He knew Hou Jing first, but no one believed him. After arriving in Beijing, he sent his troops to attack eastern Hunan. He invited his own army to solve the danger in eastern Hunan and was appointed as the secretariat of Yunzhou. Later, he suggested to Yuan Di to make a large-scale decision on Wei's policy, but it was useless. He claimed: "I don't want to explain where Brahma was born, so I can't peek at the throne!" "However, in the temple of the empty king Buddha, there is a kind of karma with the king. What can I do if it doesn't work? " Yuan Di failed. The emperor named him Qiu and gave him first-class merit. All he wants is to turn his mansion into a Buddhist temple, burn incense all day and expect to die. Sure enough, the body will shrink by three feet, as big as a baby. This is also an example of the abnormal way of "retiring after success", which is quite intriguing. Attached is some information about "Retire after one's success": Yao, an old man who lives alone in buddhist nun, has seen through the banana vine in "Self-titled as Praise", and he is carefree and shows his romantic feelings. Sometimes I shake the turtle's hair until I smile and nod. There is a poem in Yao Gang Shao Shi Cinema, which is called Poem Inscription (Chronology of Poems in Ming Dynasty). Things have changed in northern Hebei and south of the Yangtze River, and Zen has not been said yet. I only heard of Huangshi, a wise teacher, who once saw a hero in a cloak. The clothes are green and wet, the spring is old, and the bricks are rare. A whisper lingers for a long time, and the wind moves in the whisper. Cang Xue's four poems about cranes and horses in Ming Dynasty can be traced back to Daolin, and it is said that the wild old man has not been found yet. Bloom does not choose barren land, and birds stay in the shade. If you have been dead for a long time, you will not be afraid of going into the mountains if you fight with the world. The roots of life are broken, and a ten-year heart should be unbearable. The elk in the mountains are gregarious, rich in aquatic plants and isolated from the world. It's disgusting to take a calf to drink water and let the king wash his ears and smell it. Hong Fei can easily escape from the net, but aquatic plants are hard to get rid of. It's not that no one is great, but that human feelings are thinner. It is difficult for a man to please the three armed forces. Tang Yu of the holy generation is on it, and hiding in the nest is also inclusive. Chu Kuang's song failed in the past, but who opened Wolong in the Han Dynasty today? If vegetation can be kept for more than a year, why should the doctor be sealed by Qin? The son of heaven Xunyang made a special proclamation, and Hu Liu Huiyuan made a firm statement. Monks are too generous to give titles, and Shan is disobedient and angry. The lion's claws follow the ground, just like the king's nostrils. Where is the wisdom of meditation today? The old tree doesn't remember the year when it withered. [Transfer from Iron Blood Reading. tiexue]