First of all, we can understand "philosophy" through the poet's expression of philosophy. Philosophical poems are often about landscapes, and when writing narratives, they consciously contain some philosophies about the universe and life. This kind of works either makes sense, or has the truth of scenery or things. Narrative, describing scenery and objects is the means, and expressing sense and interest is the purpose.
1, reasoning with scenery.
Expressing philosophy by describing natural scenery is the most in philosophical poems. This kind of poetry is different from lyric poetry, and the description of scenery in poetry often embodies some truth or paves the way for reasoning. Let's first appreciate a poem by Su Shi, "The Five Exquisites of Drunk Books in Wanghulou on June 27th". The first part:
Clouds poured out and poured down like ink, but a mountain range was exposed on the horizon, bright and fresh, and the splashing water was like white pearl gravel, splashing on the boat.
Suddenly, the wind rolled up and dispersed the clouds in the sky. The lake was blue as a mirror, beautiful and gentle.
Is this a philosophical poem? The four sentences in the whole poem don't seem to talk about any philosophy, but simply and objectively describe the scenes before, during and after the rain in nature. But let's think deeply, why did the poet choose these three images-"dark clouds", "white rain" and "wind" to form a colorful picture? Why use the calm water surface after the rain to compare the fierce and arrogant "dark clouds" and "white rain" before the rain? Why should the poet reveal this changeable and unchanging natural law?
By contrast, this poem was written on the eve of Wang Anshi's political reform. At that time, the poet put forward different ideas from political reform, and was besieged and attacked by reformists politically. Su Shi felt a little incompetent about the whole political situation. When the poet was depressed, he got inspiration from the scenery he saw in front of Wang Hu Building. He feels that both political turmoil and personal frustration must be temporary and must return to the original point of clarification. This is the poet's philosophy of life through the current storm.
2, which is reasoning.
This kind of philosophical poems often convey a certain truth through a specific phenomenon in real life or an experience in life. Because such poems are often drawn directly from daily life events, they are often not too difficult to understand. When understanding philosophy, we must associate the philosophy of life from daily events and pay attention to association and connection in reading, so that we can easily grasp the truth contained in poetry. For example, Su Shi's famous poem Dongpo:
The rain washed Dongpo, the moonlight was clear, and the city people walked like savages.
Don't be too sure about the slope, but love the sound of your stick.
The poet described such an ordinary daily life event as walking in the dark after the rain, but it deeply contained an independent and dangerous attitude towards life. "Man walks like a savage" in the poem summarizes his own experience and great loneliness of being independent from the world. With the image of "the road to the right slope", it symbolizes the bumpy journey of life; Use "the sound of self-love" to express the outlook on life that transcends broadmindedness and makes fun of suffering. When reading, it is easier to grasp this philosophy if we pay attention to the poet's life experience.
3. Make things clear.
This kind of poetry often conveys a certain truth with the help of specific images and characteristics of specific things. For example:
wood thrush
[Song] Ouyang Xiu
A thousand voices move at will,
Mountain flowers are red and purple.
All I know is that the lock is listening to the golden cage.
Not as comfortable as the Woods.
To appreciate this poem, we can start with images. By describing the contrast between birds and cages in the forest in the poem, we know that being locked in a golden cage is really not as good as singing happily freely in the mountains. From this, we can realize that everything is free, and the beauty of everything in the universe lies in freedom.
Secondly, we can start with the external characteristics of poetic images, from the surface to the inside, from this to that, and grasp the "philosophy" to be expounded in poetry. take for example
Fengluoyin
No matter the flat land or Shan Ye, infinite scenery is occupied.
After picking flowers into honey, who will work hard for whom and who will be sweet?
On the surface, this poem is about bees, but in fact it expresses praise for the hard work of working people through the hard work of bees; Honey brewed by bees can easily be taken away by some people to mercilessly satirize the exploiters who get something for nothing. Another example is Zhu's Two Thoughts on Reading (I) in the Song Dynasty.
Last night, the river was full of water, and Meng Chong ships were a dime a dozen.
It used to take a lot of effort to push it, but today it can move in the middle of water.
In addition, we can also grasp the "philosophy" from the title of the poem and the argumentative sentences in the poem. For example, in Zhu's Reading Feelings, if the title is ignored and the "reading feelings" are linked with the content, the poem may be misinterpreted. And some argumentative sentences in poetry are often the finishing touch and the key to our understanding of the meaning of poetry. For example, Lu You's Reading on a Winter Night: "The ancients learned nothing, and love grew over time. I feel that on paper, I never know if this should be done. " The philosophy of the last two sentences is obvious: the knowledge gained only from books is still one-sided, and it is more important to practice it yourself. Du Fu's theory of "Reaching the Peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky." is more enlightening and symbolic in Looking at Yue. Only by standing high can we broaden our horizons, take the overall situation into consideration and gain a correct understanding. At the same time, people are encouraged to overcome difficulties and set up the ambition to climb the peak bravely.
What is philosophical poetry?
What is philosophical poetry?
1, "Tour Shanxi Village"
Song luyou
Don't laugh at the farmhouse music brewed in the muddled month. In the harvest month, the dishes for guests are very rich.
There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay.
The day of playing flute and drums is approaching, and the villagers are still dressed simply.
From now on, if you take the moon leisurely, the staff will knock on the door all night.
2. At Helen's cabin
Don Wang Zhihuan
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
3. "Crossing Zero Ding Yang"
Tian Xiang, Wen Song
Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
4. Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems
Qing palace zizhen
The vast sadness of parting extends to the setting sun, away from Beijing, riding a whip to the east, feeling that people are on earth.
I quit my job and go home, just like a flower falling from a branch, but this is not a heartless thing. It can be turned into the soil of spring and can also play a role in nurturing the next generation.
5. "Although turtles live long"
Wei Cao
Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time.
The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust.
An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles.
The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky;
Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.
I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
6. "painting chrysanthemums"
Zheng Song Xiao Si
Flowers can't bloom, and independent fences are not poor.
It is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind.
7. Reading on a Winter Night.
Song luyou
The ancients learned nothing, and it takes time to grow old.
What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.
8. Painting Bamboo
thank
For forty years, I painted bamboo branches during the day and wrote my thoughts at night.
Redundant and thin, painting is born and familiar.
9. from thinking
Don
Once I tasted the vast sea, I felt that the water in other places was pale; Once you have experienced the clouds in Wushan, you feel that the clouds elsewhere are eclipsed.
Hurried through the flowers, lazy to look back; This reason is partly because of the ascetic monk, and partly because of who you used to be.
10, Zhi Zhu Ci
Yuxi Liu Tang
The willow-green river is wide and flat, and I heard the song of the river.
Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny.
1 1, untitled
Don
It was a long time ago that I met her, but since we separated, the time has become longer, the east wind is blowing and a hundred flowers are blooming.
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song.
There are not many roads to Pengshan. Oh, Bluebird, listen! -Give me what she said! .
12, "Speak"
Tang Bai Juyi
I'll give you a solution to the problem. This method does not need tortoise shells, and yarrow can bring wealth and luck.
It takes three days to test the authenticity of jade, and it will take seven years to distinguish wood.
In the days of the Duke of Zhou, he was afraid of gossip and paid homage to the throne before Wang Mang usurped the throne.
Shi Xiang died at the beginning, but who knows the truth of his life.
13, "Two Songs at Two Years Old"
Don
The fertile water of the river was painted as a war picture, and the people had to collect firewood to support their feet.
Please don't mention anything about Hou Feng, how many lives will be sacrificed for a person's success!
14, "Title Zhang Shi"
Wang Song Anshi
Suzhou's famous sentences are old, and Yuefu's witty remarks are continuous.
It seems to be the most extraordinary, but in fact it is easy and difficult.
15, grass
Tang Bai Juyi
The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.
Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.
Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.
I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
Ideal Teaching of Philosophical Poetry
Interpretation of learning objectives
Ideal is a philosophical poem. The author praises the ideal from many angles with a series of metaphors and encourages us to determine our own goals in life. In order to achieve the goal of life, you may suffer misunderstanding, frustration or even failure, but as long as you make unremitting efforts, are not afraid of sacrifice, and firmly believe, the flower of ideals will definitely "light up your eyes in an instant"!
In order to better understand this poem, you can try to start from the following aspects:
1. Grasp the meaning of the whole poem as a whole and make clear the general idea of each section. (ability goal)
2. Try to find out the metaphorical meaning of the metaphor used in the poem and understand its role in expressing the theme. (ability goal)
3. Mastering the rhetorical device of metaphor can be initially used in your own articles. (knowledge goal)
Tell your classmates whether your ideal is realistic and ask them to give you advice. (emotional goal)
Poetry is the art of language. The poet's language is like the lines or colors drawn by the painter, which has a certain agility. To understand and appreciate poetry, we must read the whole poem correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin, chew these poems repeatedly and carefully ponder the poet's psychological process. Starting from accurately grasping the rhythm of poetry reading, combined with my own life experience and reading accumulation, I feel the artistic conception, emotion and expression skills of poetry.
Analysis of key problems
The key to learning this poem is to grasp its theme. The difficulty lies in how to understand why the pursuit of ideals will have different results. After reading this poem carefully, think about it:
1. How is the theme of this poem expressed?
The poem begins with a metaphor and keeps talking about the ideal meaning. The following sections explain the meaning of ideals from the perspectives of historical significance, personality significance and life significance, and finally inspire people to establish ideals and work hard for them.
Thinking guidance can answer this question from the topic, imagine what the author wants to write, what is the significance of the ideal in the process of life, and what unexpected results may appear in the process of pursuing the ideal. If we explore the source and analyze it deeply, this question will be easier to answer.
2. How to understand the phenomenon that the ideals listed by the author in the poem may bring completely different results?
People's pursuit of ideals is not always smooth. The pursuit and realization of ideals is the process of people abandoning themselves and shaping themselves, which will make the pursuer's life more perfect, his belief more firm and his value more lofty.
The thinking guidance and understanding of this problem is suitable for connecting with the life experiences of some successful ideal pursuers recognized by the world. If you can add the experience encountered in the pursuit of ideals, it will be better understood.
Classroom self-assessment
1. Read the following words and read the underlined words correctly.
Bind () backbone () defile () merit () curse ()
2. Contact the poem "Beyond the Mountain" and talk about why ideals can "save the unfortunate people".
3. Dictionary explanation of the word "Xin": the moral integrity is firm and unchangeable. Be firm and unyielding. Please write a sentence with this word.
4. Analyze the structural characteristics of "ideal is both an acquisition and an ideal is also a sacrifice" and write a sentence according to this form.
5. Reading poetry should have a good rhythm. Please use "/"to indicate the rhythm of the next poem.
Spring is just on the road and the sky is sunny.
Comprehensive ability evaluation
Read the following text and then answer this question.
Ideal is a compass to guide ships; Ideal is a ship, carrying you to sea for a long voyage.
But the ideal is sometimes the arc of the kiss of the sea and the sky, which is elusive and tortures your enterprising heart.
Ideal makes you smile and observe life; Ideal makes you stubbornly resist fate.
Ideal makes you forget the early gray hair on your temples; Ideal makes your head white and naive.
Ideal is an alarm clock to break your golden dream; Ideal is soap to wash away your selfishness.
Ideal is both harvest and sacrifice.
If the ideal brings you honor, it is only a by-product.
But more is to bring misunderstood loneliness, laughter in loneliness and bitterness in laughter.
1. What rhetoric does the underlined verse in the selected paragraph use? Please briefly describe its function.
2. How to understand "ideal makes you stubbornly resist fate"? Take 1-2 as an example.
3. Why do you say that ideal "the honor it brings you is only its by-product"?
Exploration of practical activities
Please collect essays or sentences about ideals by celebrities after class and share your collection with your classmates.
Appreciation of several philosophical poems
"Zhe" is also wise; People who are "rational" are well-founded; "Philosophy" is the principle of man and nature. A poem that expounds the most basic and universal truth of nature and human society is a philosophical poem. Some philosophical poems containing the thought of responding to things and animals are the products of the poet's touching things, blending reason into form or emotion, and the results of the poet's wise thinking and profound observation of life and society. It is often the combination of thought-provoking philosophy with distinct life interest and novel and unique artistic image that can convince people with reason and move people with emotion. Starting with appreciating several philosophical poems, this paper tries to help students understand the characteristics of philosophical poems, improve their understanding of things and correctly analyze objective things and natural phenomena.
First, "talk" (Bai Juyi)
I'll give you a solution to the problem. This method does not need tortoise shells, and yarrow can bring wealth and luck.
It takes three days to test the authenticity of jade, and it will take seven years to distinguish wood.
In the days of the Duke of Zhou, he was afraid of gossip and paid homage to the throne before Wang Mang usurped the throne.
If this man died from the beginning, who would know the truth of his life?
The theme of this poem is to distinguish falsehood. The first couplet suggests that there is a way to solve the puzzle, and the couplet introduces this method from the natural scenery: let time prove everything. Necklace to historical figures further proves the above method. The tail couplet extends along the meaning of the neck couplet: if Duke Zhou and Wang Mang died before the truth appeared, no one would know the truth of their virtue. This poem tells us: don't jump to conclusions when looking at things, or you will be easily confused by illusions and confused with right and wrong.
Second, "Qin Shi" (Su Shi)
If the piano is hair, why don't you put it in the box?
If the sound of the piano comes from your hands, why can't you hear it?
In this poem, the poet depicts two images of piano and finger, and pretends difficult words with two hypothetical sentences and two rhetorical questions. In fact, it is humorous and innovative, revealing such a profound philosophy that "the completion of everything in the world depends on the close cooperation between subjective and objective".
Third, "Crossing the Sand Head" (Yang Wanli)
After crossing the sand head, there is a village gradually, the land is flat and the river is rich and warm.
The dark tide has reached no one's place, and only the water pole master knows the water mark.
This poem is clear and profound. The dark tide is coming, but ordinary people don't know it, because they have no experience in water life and don't know the law of tidal fluctuation; But boatmen have been propping up boats on the river for years, and the water depth and current are clear, and they can detect any subtle changes. This reveals a profound and universal philosophy: practice makes true knowledge.
Four, "On Thirty Poems" (Yuan Haowen)
I feel that the happiness in my eyes is not real, but groping in the dark.
How many people come to Chang 'an to draw a picture of Qinchuan?
The first two sentences of this poem are easy to understand: if the real scene you see inspires your true feelings, you can write a poem with wonderful artistic conception; Building a car behind closed doors is like groping for something in the dark, which is always distorted. The last two sentences say: How many painters who copy the works of predecessors and paint the scenery of Qinchuan can go to Chang 'an in person? The poet omitted a sentence, which is no wonder that those people can't draw well. This poem tells us that it is impossible to succeed in business without real life feelings and personal experiences.
V. Song Yuanchen Cooking and Baking Shop (Yang Wanli)
Don't say that there is no difficulty coming down from the mountain, which makes the climbers happy in vain.
Entering Wanshan Circle, one mountain releases another.
With the help of scenery descriptions and vivid metaphors, the poet explained a profound truth with universal significance by writing about the feelings of walking in the mountains: no matter what one does, one should fully estimate the difficulties on the way forward and not be intoxicated with the success of one thing.