"Fortress Song" is a kind of military song in the frontier fortress area in ancient times. Many poets in the Tang Dynasty, especially frontier poets, used this title to write poems. The more famous ones include poems by Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Li Bai, Lu Lun, Li Yi, Xu Hun and others
Overview
Lu Lun's "Songs under the Fortress" is a set of six poems, each describing military camp life such as giving orders, hunting and defeating enemies, performing triumphs and celebrating achievements, etc. The words are full of praise. This is the fourth poem, describing the celebration scene after our army's victory.
First one
A golden servant girl with an eagle feather and a swallowtail embroidered with a candid arc.
Independence promotes new orders, and thousands of camps call for it.
The general is wearing arrows made of eagle feathers, and banners embroidered in the shape of a swallow's tail flutter in the wind. Standing tall announced a new order, and the soldiers of the Thousand Battalions responded in unison.
Notes
Eagle Feather: Arrow tail feather.
Jin Pu Gu: The name of the divine arrow.
Swallowtail: The two corners of the flag are spread apart, like a swallowtail.
The name of the flag.
Independence: Still standing.
Yang new order: Raise the flag to issue a new order.
Appreciation This is the first of the six songs in Saixia. This poem describes the oath-taking scene when a mighty general delivers a new order. The thousands of battalion sergeants respond together, which shows the mighty military appearance, strict military discipline and everyone's confidence in victory. Reading it, you can't help but be conquered by this majestic momentum. .
Review
Yu Biyun's "A Brief Introduction to Poetry" in the Republic of China: There are only two crosses, and there is a view of the military appearance in full bloom.
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Swallowtail embroidery candid arc.
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Independently promote the new order,
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Qianying*** calls .
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Second
The grass in the forest is frightened by the wind, and the general draws his bow at night.
I looked for the white feather, but it was missing among the stone edges.
Translation
In the dark woods, the grass was suddenly swayed and rustled by the wind. The general thought that wild beasts were coming, so he quickly opened his bow and shot arrows.
I went to look for the arrow at dawn, but it was already deeply embedded in the stone.
Notes ① The next song is the name of an ancient song. Most of these works describe border scenery and war life.
②Sudden wind - suddenly blown by the wind.
③ Draw the bow - draw the bow, open the bow, this includes the next step of archery.
④Pingming-when it is just dawn.
⑤White feather - the white feather at the back of the arrow shaft, here refers to the arrow.
⑥No - fall into, here it means to get into.
⑦ Stone edge - the corner of the stone.
Appreciation
This frontier poem tells the story of a general hunting a tiger. It is based on "The Biography of General Li" written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, who recorded the deeds of the famous general Li Guang at that time. The original text is: "When I went out hunting, I saw a stone in the grass. I thought it was a tiger and shot it. The stone was hit without the arrowhead (arrow). I saw it as a stone."
The first two sentences of the poem describe events. It happened: Late at night, the mountain forest was dark, and suddenly there was a strong wind, and the grass was shaken by the shock; a white tiger suddenly rushed towards the frogman's landing place. At this time, the general was galloping past the forest. With quick eyes and quick hands, he drew his bow and shot an arrow...
The result of the event written in the last two sentences is: Early the next morning, the general remembered last night What happened in the forest, he followed the original route to the scene, and he couldn't help but be shocked: in the bright morning light, he clearly saw that the thing he shot was not a tiger, but a huge rock. Squatting there silently in fear, the white-feathered arrow actually penetrated deeply into the stone edge! Please note that the part where the arrow enters is not a stone hole, a crack, or a stone surface, but a narrow and sharp stone edge - this requires so much arm strength and high martial arts!
Some people may ask, when a general shoots a tiger, why not see the result immediately and wait until the next morning? The original story didn’t say that we didn’t find out until the next day that the shot was a stone! This is the poet's artistic treatment. First, this can show the general's confidence. He has always hit the target with perfect accuracy. Are you still afraid that it will not die and run away this time? Second, it can increase the intuitiveness of the image and allow people to see it more clearly. If you watch it that night, you can certainly find that it is a misunderstanding, but it will be difficult to achieve the vivid effect of the current picture.
Poetry pays the most attention to implication, and the most important thing is the meaning behind the words. When we see the description of the arrow hitting the stone in the poem, we will naturally think about it: what would it look like if it were really a tiger? What if you shoot enemy soldiers and horses on the battlefield? As a result, the image of a general with strong martial arts skills, bravery and prowess in battle, stands majestically in front of us with his horse coiled and his bow bent.
Rhythm
○ Flat tone ● Oblique tone ⊙ Can be flat or oblique △ Flat rhyme ▲ Oblique rhyme
The forest is dark and the grass is trembling in the wind,
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The general draws his bow at night.
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Pingming looked for Bai Yu,
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disappeared in the stone ridges.
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The third one
The black geese fly high in the moon, and the Chanyu escapes at night.
In order to drive Qingqi away, heavy snow covered the bow and knife.
Rhythm
○Ping tone ● Oblique tone ⊙ Can be flat or oblique △Ping rhyme ▲ Oblique rhyme
The moon is full of black geese flying high,
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Shan Yu fled at night.
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In order to drive the Qingqi away,
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The heavy snow covered the bow and knife.
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Notes
1. Saixiaqu: an ancient military song.
2. Dark Moon: No moonlight.
3. Chanyu (chán yú): leader of the Huns. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.
4. Escape: escape.
5. General: to lead.
6. Light Cavalry: Lightly-armed and fast cavalry.
7. Chasing: chasing.
8. Bow saber: A saber that curves like a bow.
Translation
When the night is quiet, the flock of black geese flies high,
The Chanyu takes advantage of the darkness to escape quietly.
Just as he was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up,
Heavy snow fell on his body with bows and knives.
Brief analysis
This is the third poem in Lu Lun's "Song of Saixia" series. Lu Lun once served as a marshal judge in the shogunate and had experience in military life. His poems describing this kind of life are relatively substantial and vigorous in style. This poem describes the general's heroic and heroic preparations to lead his troops to chase the enemy on a snowy night.
The first two sentences describe the enemy's retreat. "The wild geese fly high in the dark moon", the moon is covered by clouds, and it is dark. The wild geese startle and fly high. "Chan Yu fled at night", on this unusual night with dark moon and high wind, the enemy army escaped secretly. "Chanyu" originally refers to the supreme ruler of the Xiongnu. Here it refers to the invaders of the Khitan and other tribes who often invaded the south at that time.
The last two sentences describe the scene of the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is extraordinary. "In order to drive the light cavalry away", the general discovered that the enemy was absconding and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue him. Just as he was about to set off, there was a heavy snowfall, and in an instant, his bow and sword were covered with snowflakes. The last sentence, "The bow and knife are covered with heavy snow" is a description of the severe cold scene, which highlights the hardship of the battle and the brave spirit of the soldiers.
This poem is a blend of scenes. The enemy troops fled under the "moon-black geese flying high" situation, and the general prepared to pursue them under the "heavy snow full of bows and swords" situation. The atmosphere of escape and pursuit is effectively rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves people with rich imagination.
"Song Xiaqu" consists of six poems, and this is the third one. Although Lu Lun was a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, his frontier fortress poems are still in the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They are majestic and bold, and the lines are full of heroic spirit. It is exciting to read.
One or two sentences, "The wild geese fly high in the dark moon, and the Chanyu escapes at night" describes the enemy's retreat. "The moon is dark" means there is no light. "Wild geese fly high", silently. Taking advantage of such a dark and silent night, the enemy escaped quietly. Chanyu, the supreme ruler of the Huns in ancient times, here refers to the supreme commander of the invaders. Escape at night, it can be seen that they have completely collapsed.
Despite the cover of night, the enemy's actions were noticed by our troops. Three or four sentences, "In order to chase away the light cavalry, the heavy snow covered the bow and sword" describe the situation of our army preparing to pursue, showing the mighty spirit of the soldiers. Just imagine, a cavalry formation is about to come out, and in an instant, the bows and swords are covered with heavy snow. What a thrilling scene it is!
Judging from this poem, Lu Lun is very good at capturing images and opportunities. He can not only capture typical images, but also express them at the most artistically effective moment. The poet does not write how the army attacks, nor does he tell you whether it has caught up with the enemy. He only describes a scene of preparations for pursuit, which effectively highlights the atmosphere and emotions at that time. "If you want to drive away the light cavalry, the heavy snow will cover your bow and sword." This is not the climax of the battle, but the moment approaching the climax. This moment is like an arrow on the string, about to be fired, and it has the most attractive power. You may feel unsatisfied because the results have not been explained. But only in this way can it be more enlightening and more able to arouse readers' imagination and imagination. This is called "exhaustive words but endless meaning". The dragon's head but not its tail does not mean that it has no tail. The tail is looming in the clouds, which is more interesting and charming.
Fourth
The curtain is wide open and there is a feast, and the Qiang Rong celebrate their hard work.
Drunk and golden armor dance, thunder stirs the mountains and rivers.
Rhythm
○Ping tone ● Oblique tone ⊙ Can be flat or oblique △Ping rhyme ▲ Oblique rhyme
A beautiful feast with open curtains,
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The Qiang Rong congratulated them on their hard work.
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Drunk and golden armor dance,
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Thunder stirs the mountains and rivers.
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Notes
1. Thunder Drum: In the old days, it was also interpreted as an eight-sided drum to worship the gods. It's actually drumming.
Brief analysis
?Write the joyful scene of returning to camp in triumph and giving a banquet for the laboring troops. The language is concise and implicit, the mood is lively and vivid, and the poems are recited carefully. The life in the military camp, the hardship of guarding the border, and the joy of victory are all vivid and exciting.
[Edit this paragraph] Li Yi's "Song of the Fortress"
Part One
The Fanzhou tribe can end up hunting the Yellow River in the morning and evening.
The song of Yan has not stopped blocking Hongfei, and the herds of horses are neighing and the grass is green.
There are many heroic poems in the frontier poems of the Tang Dynasty, but after all, they mostly express the hardships and dangers of the conquest life and the sadness of the soldiers' homesickness. Even some famous singing songs are inevitably mixed with words of danger or sad emotions. When readers turn to Li Yi's work, they will have a very different feeling. They will be immediately attracted by the magnificent picture of the vast sky and the earth, with people cheering and horses barking. It is outstanding in expressing the heroic life of soldiers and reflecting the magnificent and moving scenery of the northwest.
"Fanzhou" in the poem generally refers to the northwest frontier (there was also Fanzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and its governance is located in the west of today's Yishan County, Guangxi, and is not part of the Yellow River). "Fanzhou tribe" refers to the tribes stationed in The border defense troops in the Hetao of the Yellow River ("Meander of the Yellow River"). Lieutenant generals in the army lived a life of "Golden Rivers and Jade Passes year by year, horses and sword rings in the court". It was very difficult, but they were tempered to be very strong and brave. The first sentence only praises them for "being able to finish", that is, being good at dressing up in military uniforms. By describing the heroic appearance of the soldiers, the author indicates to the readers that it is self-evident that they are good at fighting, so the next sentence writes "Chi Hunt" instead of "able", and the readers can understand by themselves.
Hunting in the army is no more enjoyable than the pleasures of princes in the fields. It is a routine military training. The athletes enjoyed it endlessly and practiced morning and night to be ready to face the enemy at any time. It is precisely "In order to repay the protection of the heroes, the Xiongnu will not go down to the clouds" (the fourth poem in the same group). The action of "hunting the Yellow River in the morning and evening" shows the athletes' impassioned spirit of dedication to the country and their determination to win. The sentence is full of the author's praise for them.
These two sentences focus on depicting the characters and their spiritual outlook, while the last two sentences show the broad background of the characters' activities. The scenery of the northwest plateau is so magnificent: the sky is high and the clouds are clear, geese are flying in groups, songs are floating in the vast wilderness, and horses are running happily on the green grass. It is a lively scene.
Some people say that the "Yan Ge" sung by the people during the expedition is the tune of "Yan Ge Xing". Watching the flying geese fly away, there is indeed a deep nostalgia for their hometown among the northern soldiers in their songs. However, Feihong looked over but "the song of the swallows has not ended." This cheerful song also contains the singer's love and pride for the borderland. If this point is not obvious in the three sentences, then there is no doubt after reading the last sentence.
"The herds of horses are neighing and the grass is green." Among the poems praising the scenery of the northwest frontier, it is almost comparable to the strange sentence "the wind blows the grass and you can see the cattle and sheep". The sentence "The grass is low when the wind blows" refers to the autumn scenery on the plateau, so it is more desolate; while the sentence "herding horses neigh" refers to the spring on the plateau, so there is a lot of business. The word "green" is perfectly placed. Because there are three or four pairs of knots, the upper pair is called "sai Hongfei" and the lower pair is "biancaoqing". It can be seen that the word "green" is a verb. It is not just a piece of green grass, but also describes the change of "the grass on Liliyuan" from dry to prosperous, implying that spring has returned to the grassland unknowingly. This is similar to the later popular Wang Anshi's famous sentence "The spring breeze turns green on the south bank of the river", both of which are famous for their use of the word "green". In the south of the Yangtze River, spring returns to the earth, which is called by the singing of birds. The spring in Saibei is greeted by the joyful neighing of horses. "The grass on the edge is green" and "the herding horses are neighing" are written in conjunction, which is particularly meaningful; it seems that the grass on the edge is greener and more lovely because of the neighing of the horses. The magnificent heroic sentiments expressed in the poem are very valuable.
Second
Fubo only wished that his body would be returned, so there was no need for Dingyuan to enter the pass.
Don’t send a wheel back to the sea cave, leaving an arrow to reach the Tianshan Mountains.
[Edit this paragraph] Wang Changling's "Song of the Past"
Part One
The cicadas sing in the empty mulberry forest, and the road is Xiaoguan Road in August.
Going out of the plug and back in again, there are yellow reeds everywhere.
We have always been friends and guests, but we all grow old in the battlefield.
Don’t imitate the knight-errant and boast about Ziliu.
Notes
1. You and Bing: Youzhou and Bingzhou, part of present-day Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. 2. Ranger: refers to a person who relies on bravery and ambition and despises life. 3. Jin: boasting of being extraordinary.
Rhyme Translation
Cicadas are chirping in the bare mulberry forest, and the Xiaoguan Road in August is refreshing and high in autumn.
After leaving the fortress and then entering the fortress, the climate becomes colder, and there are yellow reeds inside and outside the pass.
Since ancient times, heroes from Hebei and Shanxi have grown old with dust and yellow sand.
Don’t be like the knights who rely on their bravery and boast about their horses.
Comment
This Yuefu song is about non-war. The poem starts from the conquest of the frontier fortress and the common people rarely come back, and then warns the young people not to boast about force, expressing the feeling of non-war. The autumn scenery of the frontier fortress is infinitely desolate and desolate. The poems about guarding the border and recruiting people express deep sympathy. I urge the young people in the world to speak truthfully and express true feelings in every word. "We have always been quiet and guests, but we are all old in the dust", which is similar to Wang Han's "Don't laugh when you lie drunk on the battlefield, how many people have fought in ancient times", it can be said that it is seen by a hero, with different approaches but the same purpose, and is deeply touching.
Second
Drinking horses crossing the autumn water, the water is cold and the wind is like a knife.
The sun has not gone out on Pingsha, and I can see Lintao dimly.
In the old days of the Great Wall War, Xian Yan was in high spirits.
The yellow dust is enough for the present and the past, and the white bones are a mess of wormwood.
Notes
1. An'an: Same as "An'an";
2. Lintao: The area around Minxian County in Gansu Province today is the starting point of the Great Wall.
3. Xian: Du.
Rhyme Translation
Leading the horse to drink water across the big river,
The water was cold and the autumn wind was as sharp as a sword.
The setting sun has not yet set in the vast battlefield,
I can see the distant Lintao in the darkness.
There was a fierce battle at the Great Wall back then.
It was said that the soldiers guarding the border were in high spirits.
Since ancient times, this place has been filled with yellow dust.
The ground is littered with white bones and weeds.
Comment
?This Yuefu piece uses the Great Wall as the background to depict the tragic cruelty of war. The first four lines of the poem describe the desolate scene of sunset on the flat sand during the late autumn season outside the Great Wall; the last four lines describe the area around the Great Wall, which has always been a battlefield, with bones forming mounds and a desolate scene.
The whole poem is shocking and expresses the idea of ??non-war.
[Edit this paragraph] Li Bai's "Song under the Sai"
In May, there is snow in the mountains, but there are no flowers, only cold.
I heard the broken willows in the flute, but I have never seen the spring scenery.
Fight with the golden drum at dawn, sleep with the jade saddle in your arms at night.
I am willing to put my sword down from my waist and kill Loulan directly.
About the author
Li Bai (701-762), born in 701, Han nationality, six feet six tall, named Taibai, nicknamed Qinglian Jushi, was born in Jiangyou, Sichuan, Tang Dynasty The great romantic poet. His poetic style is bold and elegant, his imagination is rich, his language flows naturally, and his music is harmonious and changeable. He is good at absorbing nutritious materials from folk songs and myths to form his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors. He is a new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He is also known as "Big Li Du" with Du Fu. He is a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Also known as "Poetic Immortal".
There are six poems in the existing collection of Li Bai's poems called "Songs under the Sai", all of which borrowed popular Yuefu titles from the Tang Dynasty to write about current events and his inner thoughts. The fourth poem is about a missing woman who misses the long-distance traveler, which is definitely a boudoir. The other five capitals express the poet's ideal of generous military service, "to be courageous in running wild, and to calm the demonic atmosphere in a battle." Sparse and relaxed, full of heroism, it is one of the wonders of the frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. This poem is the first in a series of poems.
The first sentence, "It snows in the mountains in May," has already tied the title. May is the height of summer in the mainland. Han Yu said, "In May, pomegranate flowers illuminate your eyes, and you can see the beginning of growth among the branches." Zhao Gu said, "The scenery is as peaceful as spring and as pure as autumn. Shangshan is a wonderful place to visit in May." However, the fifth month written by Li Bai was under the fortress and in the Tianshan Mountains. Naturally, what he saw and felt was completely different. The Tianshan Mountains are solitary and covered with snow all year round. This huge contrast in scenery in the same season between the mainland and the fortress was keenly captured by the poet. However, he did not objectively describe it in detail, but slowly expressed his inner feelings with a light pen: "No flowers." Only cold.” The word "cold" vaguely reveals the fluctuation of the poet's mood, not to mention the desolate tune of "Breaking Willows" is heard in the cold wind! Spring cannot be seen in the frontier, and people can only hear it from the flute music. To reminisce. "Folding Willows" is a Yuefu cross-blow tune, which mostly writes about the sorrow of travelers. Here, when the poet writes "hearing the broken willow", it also contains a layer of desolate and bitter mood. He used the flute to accentuate the atmosphere. Shen Deqian commented on the first four sentences of "Song Xia Qu" and said: "The four words are straight down, which has never been like this before." He also said: "One breath is straight down, and it will not be restrained." The poem has five rhymes, and according to convention, it should be the meaning of the second couplet. However, Li Bai followed the trend in the first couplet and refused to restrain his desolate mood. This broke through the shackles of metrical poetry and was characterized by his straight energy, boldness and unrestraint, and light and powerful language.
"At dawn, the battle follows the golden drum, and at night, I sleep with the jade saddle." In ancient times, gongs and drums were beaten to control the advancement and retreat of the soldiers. The fifth and sixth sentences describe exactly this situation. The semantic change has changed from desolate to majestic. The poet imagined that he came to the frontier fortress, at the foot of Tianshan Mountain, and lived a tense fighting life all day long. During the day, they marched and fought to the sound of gongs and drums, and at night they took a nap while holding the saddle. Here, "dawn battle" corresponds to "night sleep", which is the author's intention to summarize a day's life in the army. The tense and urgent military situation is clearly visible on the page. The word "sui" imitates the orders and prohibitions of the soldiers. The word "hold" describes the situation of soldiers on guard at night. The second sentence describes the life scenes of the soldiers, and their mentality of guarding the border and preparing for war, everyone working bravely, and striving to be the first to achieve success is also fully revealed.
The last couplet "I am willing to put my sword down from my waist to kill Loulan" borrows the story of Fu Jiezi's generous revenge to express the poet's willingness to go to the battlefield and kill enemies for his country. The words "zhi" and "wishes" echo each other, the tone is sharp and strong, and the voice of the heart bursts out, which has its own soul-stirring artistic appeal.
Notes
[1] Killing Loulan: According to "Hanshu·Fu Jiezi Biography": "The Loulan Kingdom in the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty often killed Han Dynasty envoys, and Fu Jiezi went on an envoy In the Western Regions, King Loulan was greedy for the gold and silk he offered, so he lured him to his tent and killed him, but he returned with the king's head."
Translation
Snowflakes are still falling in the Tianshan Mountains in May,
There are no flowers blooming, only the biting cold.
The flute plays the tune of folding willows, but where can I find the green willows in spring.
Fighting with the sound of golden drums during the day, sleeping with the saddle on your head at night,
I just want to wield the sword under my waist, pass the level, cut off the generals, and defeat the enemy.
[Edit this paragraph] Chang Jian's "Song under the Sai"
The Yubo Dynasty looked back at the imperial hometown, and Wusun returned without proclaiming himself king.
There is no battle in the quiet place at the end of the world, and the strength of the soldiers is sold out by the light of the sun and the moon.
1) Wusun: a minority group in the Western Regions. It is said that he once made peace with the Han Dynasty
Most of the frontier poems are characterized by generous words, magnificent scenery, and full of loyalty to serve the country or wandering homesickness. Chang Jian's song "Song under the Sea" has a unique approach and makes an unusual sound.
This poem neither shows off force nor laments fortune, but is based on the height of national harmony and eulogizes the theme of peace and friendship that turns hostility into friendship. The relationship between the central court and the various tribes in the Western Regions has been unstable and sometimes tense throughout history. However, the author took out a beautiful page and praised it passionately, letting the bright spring breeze blow away the billowing smoke and giving the frontier poem a brand new artistic conception.
The first two sentences of the poem are a vivid summary of the friendly exchanges between the Western Han Dynasty court and the Wusun nation. "Jade silk" refers to the gifts carried during Hajj. "Zuo Zhuan." In the Seventh Year of Ai Gong, there is a saying that "Yu united with the princes in Gantu Mountain, holding jade and silk for all nations." Carrying jade and silk to the court is a sign of submission and obedience. The word "wang" is used with deep affection. Wusun's envoys returned to the west after leaving the court, and frequently looked back at the imperial capital Chang'an. They were nostalgic and couldn't bear to leave, which shows that they have deep ties of kindness and righteousness. "Don't call yourself king" points out that Wusun surrendered and the border was stable. The Wusun are a nomadic people who live in the Ili River Valley and are a major country among the countries in the Western Regions. According to the "Book of Han" records, the imperial court treated Wusun very well since Emperor Wu, and both sides kept asking questions. In order to pacify the Western Regions and contain the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu twice married off his eldest daughter and entered into a marriage alliance. During the Taichu period (104 BC - 101 BC), Emperor Wu made Liu Jieyou, the granddaughter of King Liu Wu of Chu, a princess. He married Wusun and gave birth to four boys and two girls. Their children and grandchildren were successively established as kings, and the eldest daughter also married Queen Qiuci. . Since then, Wusun and the Han Dynasty have maintained a long-term peaceful and friendly relationship, which has become a legend through the ages. Chang Jian first used poetry to eulogize this period of history. Although he only had a few words, he was able to sum up more with less. His skill in writing and insight are truly commendable.
One or two sentences describe the historical facts and pave the way for the whole poem. Three or four sentences follow the trend and the waves surge into the sky, forming a climax. "Tianya" carries the meaning of "go back". Wusun returned to the west after leaving the dynasty. Horses and wheels traveled thousands of miles. This vast and boundless space can be vaguely seen in these two words. The word "quiet" is particularly powerful. The vast desert outside Yumen Pass was once the center of a war battle with piles of corpses, but now it enjoys a peaceful and tranquil life. This is a double-sided writing that interweaves the peace of today and the war of the past with light and dark. Every wordless part has deep meaning, which is the eye in the poem. The conclusion of the poem is powerful and fascinating, and the mood is particularly high-spirited. The poet used colored pens to draw a brilliant picture: the haze of war has completely dissipated, and the brilliance of the sun and moon illuminated the world. This ideal state embodies the lofty ideals of people of all ethnic groups who love peace and oppose war. It is a resounding ode to peace and unity.
"Military spirit" still refers to the image of war, and the words are refined with new meanings. Not only does it deduct the word "pin", it goes straight to the end of the sentence, but also combines it with "quiet place" to complete the above sentence. The songs are linked together, and the higher they sing, the higher they get. They really have the spirit of reaching the clouds. Shen Deqian is well-deserved for his reputation as "a sentence that spits out light".
Most of Chang Jian's poems were written during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years. In this poem, he praised the policy of peace and kinship and the ideal of annihilation of troops. It must have been inspired by the chaos of the border war in the later years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. It can be said to be an antidote to the current ills!
< p>[Edit this paragraph] Xu Hun's "Song of the Sea"During the night battle in Sangqianbei, half of the Qin soldiers did not return.
When there is a letter from home in the morning, it is like sending cold clothes to yourself.
This poem expresses dissatisfaction with the rulers' militarism and sympathy for the soldiers through sad and detailed descriptions;
[Edit this paragraph] Su You's "Song under the Sai"
The moon is high outside the general's camp, and the hunting west wind blows his shirt.
The river moves silently, and the bow and knife are full of dew and frost.
[Edit this paragraph] Gao Shi's "Song under the Sai"
Original text
At the end, the floating clouds come out of the army gracefully. And rely on the prince's anger, and rely on the general's hero again.
Thousands of drums thunder and thunder fill the ground, and thousands of flags fire and make the wind. The sun wheel stands in the frost, and the moon hangs in the bow.
The clouds are rising in Qinghai, and the troops in Montenegro are full of energy. The sky is high when the battle is in full swing, but the sky is empty after the battle.
No matter how hard you risk your life, you will succeed once and for all. Draw pictures of Qilin Pavilion and enter Mingguang Palace.
Laughing at the scribes: How could you be so poor once! The ancients did not know this way and often became old men.
Appreciation
The first half of this poem describes the magnificent battlefield scene, exaggerating a grand and tragic atmosphere.
The second half expresses the author's ambition to make great achievements, and he will not hesitate to die to become a meritorious minister like Qilin Pavilion
. He also laughs at those civil servants who can only read The scriptures cannot really kill the enemy and serve the country. It is a pity
If these scholars do not understand this point, they will only grow old in vain and cannot leave their names in history.
This poem expresses the author's heroic feelings and his ambition to serve the country through meritorious service. The technique is majestic and majestic, showing the grandeur and vastness.
[Edit this paragraph] Rong Yu's "Song of Saixia"
Original text
The north wind withers the white grass, and the wild horse shines brightly in the sun. After the night, I garrison the building under the moon, and when autumn comes, I will keep my heart in mind.
The iron clothes are heavy with frost and dew, and the war horses are old with age. Since Lulongsai, the smoke and dust have been flying to this day.
Appreciation
This poem is the sixth and last poem in Rong Yu’s group of poems "Song of Saixia". The other five are ancient poems with five characters and six sentences, and this one is a five-character rhymed poem. The first work on this topic is "Sai Shang Song", a new Yuefu poem of the Tang Dynasty, which belongs to "Heng Chui Song".
In the Tang Dynasty, there were many poems about frontier fortresses, some describing the severe cold climate, or outlining the steepness of the mountains, or exaggerating the fierceness of battles, etc., to show the suffering of the battle. This poem focuses on describing the characters. By portraying the image of a veteran border guard, it expresses the suffering brought by the long-lasting and cruel war to the frontier soldiers, and embodies the good wish for peace.
The first couplet "The north wind withers the white grass, and the Huma sun is soaring", which dyes the tense battlefield atmosphere of the frontier fortress. According to Wang Xianqian's supplementary note in "Hanshu·Biography of the Western Regions", it is said that the white grass "is blooming in spring with new sprouts" It is no different from other grasses, it withers in winter but does not wilt, and its nature is extremely tough.” The white grass is withered by the north wind. You can imagine how strong the wind is and how cold the air is. In addition, "The Book of Songs·Beifeng·North Wind" states that "the north wind brings coolness, and the rain and snow bring chills." In Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems", Zhu Xi believes that the north wind symbolizes the country's danger, so it also refers to the dangerous situation on the border. The next sentence goes on to say that the foreign troops are stepping up their efforts to attack the border and are approaching the fortress step by step. The military situation is very urgent. Hao Hao, the horse looks like it is going very fast. These two sentences vividly portray the environment of the frontier fortress and the atmosphere of the battlefield, making the writing vigorous and vigorous. Although the image of the side general has not yet appeared, he has done enough to set the stage.
The four sentences in the middle focus on portraying the image of the general and expressing his painful psychology of not returning for a long time: "The queen of the night guards the building under the moon, and the general's heart is in autumn. The iron clothes are heavy with frost and dew, and the war horses are old with age. Deep." On the autumn night, the cold moonlight shone on the veteran border guard on the tower. He stared at the bright moon in the autumn sky and couldn't help but think of his family members thousands of miles away, and a feeling of sadness filled his heart. Gradually, a thick layer of frost condensed on his iron clothes, and the war horse that accompanied him neighed from time to time, as if he was lamenting the years of guarding the border. The autumn moon is an ordinary thing, but when it is associated with the garrison, it hints at the border general's homesickness. The iron coat is something that the general will wear at all times. It is covered with heavy frost, which shows the bitter cold in the border area. You can also imagine the mood of the general. War horses are indispensable companions of border generals. Even animals suffer from having to guard the border for a long time, let alone people. In the four lines of the poem, the author selected scenes and things closely related to the characters and integrated them seamlessly to form an image, and the mood of the characters naturally flowed out from the picture, achieving a touching effect.
These four lines of poetry are also very distinctive in syntax. The first two lines of the poem are two noun phrases. The central words are "moon" and "heart". However, readers can appreciate and comprehend the rich meanings from "moon" which is opposite to the word "heart", making the poem extremely concise. ,implicit. The last two sentences changed their syntax and changed to a subject-predicate structure, focusing on the "iron clothes" and "war horses", which actually highlighted the shaping of the image of the general. This change in sentence structure not only emphasizes the key points and highlights the image, but also brings about changes in rhythm, making the reading more rhythmic and showing the author's skillful and exquisite skills. The last two sentences, "Since Lulongsai, the smoke and dust have been flying to this day" are the poet's deep sigh naturally triggered by the image of the general, expressing his disgust for the continuous wars from ancient times to the present. "Lulongsai" is an ancient place name. It was called Lulong County in the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, and it is located in the west of Qian'an County, Hebei Province today. The situation here is dangerous and it is a battleground for military strategists. In the Tang Dynasty, Lulong Jiedushi was appointed to resist the invasion of Turks, Khitans and Uighurs, and the war continued. The author thinks of the long history from the veterans in the garrison on a moonlit night, and thinks of the cruel war that continues to this day, bringing endless suffering to people. This poem is an allegorical reference to the Tang Empire's incompetence in border defense and its inability to quell border troubles for a long time, which made the generals tired and brought pain to the soldiers.
If the first couplet only shows the background of the veteran's appearance and pave the way for the emergence of the character, then the last couplet is the author's deeper dissection and extension of the character's heart after the character's image appears on the paper, so that the thoughts are reflected in the image. It has been naturally sublimated on the basis of it, thus revealing a more profound meaning. The first and last couplets echo each other, complement each other, and develop from each other, making the image of the veteran described in the middle two couplets more vivid and enhancing the artistic appeal.
Not only is the syntax of this poem rich in variety, but the wording is also particularly concise, accurate, and vivid. The verb "wither" is used to express the powerful power of the north wind on the white grass, and the verb "fly" is used to describe the continuous and endless spread of smoke, both of which are extremely powerful and accurate. The adjectives "heavy" and "deep" have double meanings. They not only describe the situation of heavy frost and deep years, but also further express the deep pain in Bian Jiang's heart, which is very vivid and implicit. The predecessors commented that Yu's poems "originated in the late Tang Dynasty", which refers to the strictness and stability of his words and sentences. However, the poet's "ingenuity" is reflected in the poems as if there is no trace of an antelope hanging its horns.
[Edit this paragraph] Wang Ya's "Song under the Sai"
When he was young, he resigned from his family and became a champion, ①
With a golden saddle and a sword, he went to invite honors.
I don’t know the water of horse bone typhoid,
I only see Dragon City ③ Qi Muyun’s notes
①Champion: the name of an ancient general. ②Golden makeup sword: A sword with a hilt or scabbard decorated with gold. ③Dragon City: generally refers to border areas.
Explanation
When he was young, he left home to follow the general in battle, wearing a gold-decorated sword to make great achievements.
Regardless of the cold weather, freezing water, and cold injuries to horse bones, we only see border wars