Facing Tanzhou
Du Fu
Drunk on Changsha wine at night,
Traveling to Xiangshui Spring at dawn.
The flowers on the shore fly to see off the guests,
The swallows and swallows say to keep the guests.
Jia Fu has no talent,
Chu Gongshu is unparalleled.
The things that happened before and after the high reputation,
It makes me sad to look back.
Appreciation of Du Fu's poems
In the first month of the third year of the Dali calendar of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty (768), Du Fu left the gorge from Kuizhou and prepared to return north to Luoyang. With no hope of returning, he could only make the boat his home and wander around Jiangling, Gong'an, Yuezhou and Tanzhou.
The poem "Fa Tanzhou" was written by the poet when he left Tanzhou for Hengzhou in the spring of the fourth year of the Dali calendar.
The first couplet closely follows the title and points out the meaning of the title, but it is also full of the sadness of wandering around and having an increasingly difficult livelihood. Du Fu was originally a "rich man and an alcoholic", not to mention that he was now at the end of the world with a bleak future, so he drank heavily at night and fell asleep, which revealed the infinite bitterness of drinking to drown his sorrows. After dawn, both sides of the Xiangjiang River were full of spring scenery, but the poet had to travel far away in a lonely boat. You can imagine his sad mood.
The chin couplet closely follows the first couplet and describes the scene when setting off. The poet set sail and looked around. Only the falling flowers floating in the spring breeze on the shore saw him off; the spring swallows on the mast murmured words, seeming to be affectionately retaining him. A strong feeling of loneliness and sadness was expressed in his words. The wind blows the falling flowers on the shore, and the spring swallows on the masts are composing. This is originally a very common natural phenomenon, but the poet uses my observation of things to make things "emotional" and endow the falling flowers and flying swallows with human emotions to "see off guests". "Retaining people" effectively renders a very sad and desolate atmosphere, which profoundly expresses the indifference of the world; at the same time, it also reflects the poet's deep lamentation of wandering around and being helpless. This scene is integrated and has a strong and touching artistic power. In the poem "Gifts to All Old Travels" by He Xun, a poet of the Liang Dynasty, there is a line "Flowers on the bank grow near the water, and swallows fly around the rafters", which is very cleverly written. Du Fu's couplet evolved from this. However, the poet made new creations in art. He used anthropomorphic techniques to write beautiful and moving flowers and birds to express his loneliness and loneliness. This is beyond the comparison of He Xun's poems.
The neck couplet uses allusions to express emotions. The poet boarded the boat with mixed feelings and thoughts. Being in Hunan, he naturally thought of Jia Yi in the Western Han Dynasty, who was tabooed by ministers because of his talent and was demoted to Prince Taifu of Changsha; he also thought of Chu Suiliang in the early Tang Dynasty, who was the best calligrapher for a while and who opposed the establishment of Wu Zetian because of his advice. As queen, she was demoted to the governor of Tanzhou. Didn't the poet sink because of sparing Fang Guan and leaving the court? Because of this, the encounter between these two ancients aroused the poet's strong emotional screams. Obviously, the poet is using the events of the ancients to express his feelings. When discussing the use of allusions in poetry, the predecessors emphasized that it is better to "not separate", that is to say, the use of allusions should not make the poems obscure and difficult to understand. Du Fu's use of allusions here is very appropriate because it is associated with the scene, "borrowing" "People shape oneself", with unique ingenuity.
The last couplet of the poem further borrows from the ancients to express feelings, directly expressing his feelings of being in a foreign country and unable to realize his ambitions. Jia Yi and Chu Suiliang were both famous in different eras, but they were both devalued and died. Now the poet is living in Jing and Hunan, drifting and helpless, and his depression, sorrow and indignation have reached a climax here. The poet laments his life experience and worries about his country's sorrow, which is as long as the Xiang River.
In terms of artistic expression techniques, this five-character poem can either support the meaning of things, use allusions to express feelings, or directly express feelings. It has been turned over and over again and again, creating a deeply touching, melancholy and profound artistic conception, and has become a A famous poem from Du Fu's later years.