"Qian Chibi Fu" is a poem written by the great writer Su Shi of the Song Dynasty in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, when he was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei). Below is the full text translation and appreciation of "Ode to the Former Chibi" that I have compiled for you. Welcome to refer to it~
"Ode to the Former Red Cliff"
Dynasty: Song Dynasty
Author: Su Shi
In the autumn of Renxu, in the seventh month, Su Zi and his guests were boating under Red Cliff. The breeze comes slowly and the water waves are calm. Lifting wine to the guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters. After a while, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. White dew flows across the river, and the water reaches the sky. Even though a reed is like this, thousands of hectares are at a loss. The vastness is like Feng Xu riding the wind without knowing where it stops; the flutteringness is like leaving the world to be independent, becoming immortal and ascending to immortality. (Feng Tong: Ping)
So he drank and enjoyed himself very much, and he buckled down and sang. The song goes: "The orchid oars are hanging on the osmanthus, and the light is shining in the sky. I feel the mist in my heart, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." There is a guest who plays the cave flute, and he sings along with it. Its voice is whining, like resentment, admiration, weeping and complaining; the lingering sound is lingering, like a wisp. The lurking dragon dances in the secluded ravine, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat.
Su Zi was stunned, sitting upright, and asked the guest: "Why is it so?" The guest said: "'The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south.' Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou, looking east at Wuchang, the mountains and rivers are close to each other, and the sky is green. Is this not what Meng De was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke through Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and followed the river to the east. The boats were thousands of miles away, and the flags covered the sky. Drinking wine by the river, writing poems across the river, you have been a hero for a lifetime, and how are you now? Kuangwu and his son fished and cut wood on the river, accompanied fish and shrimps, and made friends with elk. I send the mayflies to the sky, a drop in the vast sea. I feel sorry for my life, and I admire the infiniteness of the Yangtze River. /p>
Su Zi said: "You also know that the water is like the moon? Those who have passed away are like this, but they have not yet gone; those who are full and empty are like that, but the dead are not waxing and waning. Look at the changes in the general and the general. , then the heaven and earth could not last for a moment; looking at it from the perspective of being unchanging, then things and I are endless, and how to envy it! Between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, even if it is not my property, even a tiny bit of it is Don’t take it. Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears and formed by the sight of the eyes. They can be taken without restraint and used inexhaustibly. This is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and I and my son have it. "The most suitable thing." (The most suitable work: ***food)
The guests smiled happily and drank more after washing their cups. The core of the food is gone, and the cups and plates are in a mess. The couple and their pillows were spread out in the boat, unaware of the whiteness of the east.
Translation
In the autumn of the Renxu year, on the 16th day of the seventh month, Su Shi and his friends went boating under Red Cliff. The breeze blows in waves, and the water surface becomes calm. He raised his glass to toast his companions, recited an article related to the bright moon, and praised the graceful chapter. Not long after, the bright moon rose from behind Dongshan, hovering between the constellations Dipper and Ox. The white mist stretches across the river, and the clear water reaches the sky. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the vast expanse of river. (My feelings) are majestic, just like riding the wind out of thin air, but not knowing where it will stop. Floating as if abandoning the world, detached and independent, becoming a god and entering a fairyland.
At this time, he became happy after drinking, tapping the side of the ship with his hands, and singing loudly in response. The song sings: "The osmanthus wood boat beats the pandan oar, against the clear waves, and against the floodlight of the flowing water. My heart is far away, and I want to see my beloved at the end of the world." There are guests who play the flute, accompanying the singing according to the rhythm. The flute whines: it sounds like resentment, but also like yearning, like crying, but also like confiding. The ending is sad, graceful, and long, like a continuous filament. . It can make the dragons in the deep valley dance, and the widow on the lonely boat cry after hearing it.
Su Shi's face was sad and desolate. He adjusted his clothes and sat upright, asking the guest: "Why is the tune so (sad)?" The companion replied: "'The moon has few stars, and the crows and magpies are scattered. "Flying South", isn't this a poem by Cao Gong Mengde? (Here) you can see Xiakou to the west and Wuchang to the east. Mountains and rivers are endless, and (as far as the eye can see) it is green. Isn't this what Cao Mengde was admired by Zhou Yu? The place he was besieging? When he captured Jingzhou and captured Jiangling, he sailed eastward along the Yangtze River. His warships stretched for thousands of miles, and his flags covered the sky. He drank wine by the river and chanted poems with his spear across the river. Fu, indeed, was a powerful figure in the world, but where are he today? Not to mention that you and I fished and chopped firewood on Shuizhu by the river, kept company with fish and shrimps, and made friends with elk. (We) drove this Ye Xiaozhou raised a cup and toasted to each other. (We) were like mayflies in the vast world, as small as a grain of corn in the vast sea. (Alas,) we lamented that our life was only a short moment, and (we couldn't help but envy the Yangtze River). There is no end. (I want to) travel around the world hand in hand with the immortals, embrace the bright moon and live forever in the world. (I) know that these cannot be obtained every time, so I can only turn my regrets into the sound of the flute and entrust it in the sad autumn wind."
Su Shi said: "Do you also know the water and the moon? The constant flow is like the river, but it has not really passed away; the time is full and the moon is missing, but in the end it has not increased or increased. reduce.
It can be seen that from the changeable side of things, there is no moment without change in heaven and earth; and from the unchanging side of things, all living things are as endless as their own lives, so what is there to envy? Not to mention the world of heaven and earth. In this world, everything has its own place. If it is not what you should have, you cannot get even a penny from it. As long as the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains reach your ears, you will hear sounds, and your eyes will draw shapes. No one will stop you from getting these, and you will never run out of time to enjoy them. This is the endless treasure of the Creator (gift), and you and I can enjoy it together. "
So the companions smiled happily, cleaned the cups and poured wine again. The dishes and fruits were all eaten, leaving only the cups and plates on the table in a mess. (Su Zi and companions) were in the boat They fell asleep with each other's pillows on each other's pillows, and before they knew it, the sky was already turning white (meaning it was dawn)
Notes
[1] Selected from "Jing Jin Dongpo's Collected Works". Volume 1 ("Sibu Congkan" version), this prose was written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng of Song Shenzong (1082). Before that, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (today's Huanggang, Hubei) because of the Wutai Poetry Case (the second year of Yuanfeng). Because I also wrote an ode with the same title later, I called it the "Pre-Chibi Ode" and the one written on October 15th was the "Post-Chibi Ode". Chibi: It's actually Chibiji, Huangzhou, not Chibiji. The site of the Battle of Chibi during the Three Kingdoms period was also called Chibi by the locals because of its close pronunciation. Su Shi knew this and took advantage of the scene to express his feelings.
[2] Renxu: Song Shenzong Yuanfeng. In the fifth year (1082), the year was in Renxu.
[3] Jiwang: Ji, passed; Wang, the 15th day of the lunar calendar.
[4] Xu: soothingly.
[5] Xing: rise, make.
[6] Genus: Tong "zhǔ", extended here. It means "to persuade people to drink".
[9] Shao Yan: For a while.
[11] Bailu: white water vapor. Hengjiang: Covering the river. Horizontal, across.
[12] Even though a reed is like this, the vast expanse of land is at a loss: let the boat drift on the broad river. Vertical: Let it go. Yiwei: A boat as small as a reed leaf, a metaphor for a very small boat. "The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·He Guang": "Who calls the river Guang? A reed hangs (navigates) it." For example: go, go. Ling: Cross over. Wanqing: describes the extremely wide surface of the river. Bewildered, distant look.
[13] Feng Xu Yufeng: (like growing wings) riding the wind and flying in the sky. Feng: Tong "peng", multiply. Void: space. Yu: control (control).
[14] Independence from the world: abandon the world and exist alone.
[16] Knock the side of the ship: beat the side of the ship, refers to the beat, side, both sides of the ship.
[18] Hitting the sky and looking up at the clear water: The paddle beats the clear water floating in the moonlight, and goes upstream. Sui: go against the current. Kongming, Liuguang: refers to the moonlight floating on the clear river water.
[19] Miaomiaoxiyuhuai: subject and predicate inverted. My mind wanders far, far away. Miaomiao, distant appearance. Use your eyes to turn your sorrow into __'s feelings in "Mrs. Xiang".
[20] Beauty: This is Qu Yuan’s style of writing that Su Shi borrowed from. Use beauty to refer to the monarch. Ancient poems and articles mostly refer to the people one misses and longs for.
[21] Relying on the song and harmonizing (hè): writing in harmony with the beat. Yi: follow, follow and He: respond to.
[22] Like resentment, like admiration, like crying, like complaining: like lamentation, like longing, like sobbing, like talking. Resentment: sadness. Mu: nostalgia.
[23] The lingering sound: the end. Niao Niao: describes a sound that is long and graceful.
[24]Wisp: filament.
[25] The Hidden Dragon of Dancing Deep Valley: Deep Valley: This refers to the abyss. This sentence means: Make the dragon in the deep valley move to dance.
[26] Weeping for the widow in the lonely boat (lí Li): making the widow on the lonely boat cry sadly. 嫫: A woman living alone, here refers to a widow.
[27]怀(qiǎo Qiao)ran: the way the appearance changes.
[28] Sitting upright: Arrange the lapel of clothes and sit upright seriously. Sitting upright: Sit upright.
[29] Why is it so: Why is the tune so sad?
[30] The moon is sparse and the stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south: The quote is from Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing" verses in.
[33] Miao: Tong "Xiao" is coiled.
[34] Yu Hu Cang Cang: The trees are dense and green. Yu: A lush look.
[37]舳舻 (zhú lú Zhulu): The warships are connected in front and behind. This refers to the warship.
[38]酾(shī)jiu: pour wine.
[39] Hengshu (shuò): holding a spear horizontally.
[40] Companions with fish and shrimps and friends with elk: Take fish and shrimps as partners and elk as friends. Companion: Take... as a partner, here is the conative usage of the noun. Elk (mí): a type of deer.
[41]Bian (piān) Zhou: small boat.
[43] Send: stay in trust.
[44] Fú (fú): an insect that is born by the water at the turn of summer and autumn. Its life is short, lasting only a few hours. This sentence is a metaphor for the shortness of life.
[45] A drop in the ocean: small: small. Canghai: the sea. This sentence metaphors that human beings are extremely insignificant between heaven and earth.
[46]Xuyu (yú): a moment, a very short time.
[47]Ending: As for eternity.
[48] Step: several times.
[49] The legacy echoes in the sad wind: the lingering sound refers to the sound of the flute. Sad wind: autumn wind.
[50] The deceased is like this: the words come from "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Zi Han said on the river: 'The deceased is like this, and he does not give up day and night.'" Pass away: go. Si: This refers to water.
[51]The waxing and waning are like that: refers to the waxing and waning of the moon.
[52] Death: Finally. Growth and decline: increase or decrease. Long: growth
[53] Then the world could not grow in an instant: modal adverb. To: use. A blink of an eye: a blink of an eye.
[54]This is the infinite treasure of the Creator: this. Creator: Heaven, earth and nature. Endless Treasure (zàng): Buddhist language. Refers to endless treasures.
[55]***Food: ***Enjoy. Su Shi's "Red Cliff Ode" refers to "the most suitable food". After the Ming Dynasty, it was often referred to as "the most suitable food", with the same meaning.
[56] Gengzui: drinking again.
[57] The core of the dish is gone: meat dishes and fruits. Already: Already.
[58] Langji: Also written as "messy", messy appearance.
[59]Zhensu: pillow each other.
[60] Jibai: Already showing white (referring to the daylight).
Appreciation
This poem introduces the description of the conversation between the host and the guest through boating on a moonlit night, drinking wine and composing poems. It not only expresses the emotion of remembering the past and hurting the present from the mouth of the guest, but also draws from Su Zi’s words. You can hear the unswerving sentiments in the words, and the whole poem is full of profound emotions and clear ideas. It is really a masterpiece among poems.
The first paragraph describes the scene of a night tour in Red Cliff. The author "boated with guests under Red Cliff", fell into the embrace of nature, and enjoyed the beauty of the breeze, white dew, mountains, flowing water, moonlight, and skylight. When he was excited, he recited "The Book of Songs·Moon" The first chapter of "Out" "The moon rises brightly, and there are outstanding people and colleagues. It is comfortable and graceful, and the hard work is quiet." The bright moon is compared to a delicate beauty, looking forward to her rising. Echoing the poem "Moonrise", "A little while ago, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights." It also leads to the author's own song below: "Looking at the beauty in the sky", with consistent emotion and literary style. The word "wandering" vividly and vividly depicts the soft moonlight that seems to be extremely attached and affectionate to tourists. Under the bright moonlight, a vast white mist covers the river surface, and the skylight and water color merge into one. It is the so-called "Autumn water has the same color as the sky" (Wang Bo's "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng"). At this time, tourists are open-minded, comfortable and unrestrained, so "as far as a reed is concerned, the vast expanse of land is at a loss", riding a small boat, drifting with the waves on the vast and boundless river where "the waves are calm" The earth is separate from the world, detached and independent. The vast river and the free and easy mind leap out of the author's writing, and the joy of boating is beyond words. This is the front part of the article describing the "boating" tour to enjoy the scenery. It uses the scenery to express emotions, blending the emotions into the scenery, and the scene is beautiful.
The second paragraph describes the joy of the author drinking and singing and the sad sound of the flute of the guests. The author was extremely happy while drinking, and sang while leaning on the boat to express his melancholy and frustration about missing the "beauty". The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the author's ideal and the embodiment of all beautiful things. The song says: "The osmanthus is on the orchid oar, and the light is shining in the sky. The light is flowing. I feel the mist in my heart, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." These lyrics are all adapted from "Chu Ci·Shao Siming": "Looking at the beauty in the future , The meaning of "Songs of Havoc in the Wind" is embodied in the content of "Reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing the graceful chapter" above. Because he longed for the beautiful woman but could not see her, he had already expressed his frustration and sadness. In addition, the guests played the flute and sang in harmony with her. The tone of the flute was sad and resentful, "like resentment, like admiration, like crying, like complaining, and the lingering sound lingered endlessly." "Like a thread" actually caused the dragon hidden in the ravine to dance and made the widow who was alone in the boat cry. A Dongxiao song is sad and graceful, and its sad and low tone is deeply touching, causing the author's emotions to suddenly change, from joy to sadness, and the article also rises and falls due to this, and the literary spirit is lifted.
The third paragraph is about the guest’s lament about the shortness and impermanence of life. This section switches from describing the natural scenery of Chibi to describing the historical monuments of Chibi. The host asked "Why is it so?" and the guest answered with the historical monuments of Chibi. The cultural and scientific transition was natural. But the article does not state the matter directly, but uses two questions in succession. First, he asked Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing": "Is this not Cao Mengde's poem?" Then he asked based on the mountains and rivers in front of him: "Isn't this Mengde's poem trapped in Zhou Lang?" The two questions made the article more general. Make waves. Then, it recounted the past events when Cao Cao defeated Jingzhou and forced Liu Cong to surrender. At that time, Cao Cao's mighty army came down the river from Jiangling, with warships connected for thousands of miles, and battle flags covering the sky and the sun. Cao Cao was full of ambition and arrogance. He drank wine across the river from the bow of the boat and composed poems across the river. He could be described as "the hero of his lifetime".
Where is he now? Heroes like Cao Cao were only prominent for a while, let alone himself. Therefore, now he can only lament the shortness of his life, envy the endless flow of the river, and hope to intersect with the gods and be with the bright moon. But those are all unrealistic fantasies, so the sorrow and sorrow are "left in the sad wind" and conveyed through the sound of the flute. The guest's answer showed a nihilistic thought and a negative outlook on life, which was one aspect of Su Shi's thoughts that he expressed through the guest's mouth.
The fourth paragraph is Su Shi's statement of his own opinions on the guest's emotion about the impermanence of life, in order to relieve the other party. The guest once "envied the infinity of the Yangtze River" and wished to "hold the bright moon forever". Su Shi used rivers and bright moons as metaphors and put forward the understanding that "the dead are like this, but they have not yet passed away; the ones who are full and weak are like that, but the dead are not waxing and waning." If you look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is just a blink of an eye; if you look at it from the perspective of change, then things and human beings are endless, and there is no need to envy the rivers, the bright moon, and the heaven and earth. Naturally, there is no need to "sorrow for a moment of my life". This reflects Su Shi's open-minded outlook on the universe and life. He favors looking at problems from multiple angles but does not agree to make them absolute. Therefore, he can maintain an open-minded, detached, optimistic and adaptable mental state even in adversity. And can be freed from the uncertainty of life and treat life rationally. Then, the author further explained that everything in heaven and earth has its own owner and individuals cannot force it. The breeze on the river has sounds, the bright moon in the mountains has color, the mountains and rivers are endless, the wind and moon last forever, the heaven and earth are selfless, the sounds and colors are entertaining, and the author can just wander around and enjoy himself. This feeling and scene are due to Li Bai's "Song of Xiangyang": "You don't need a penny to buy the cool breeze and the bright moon, and Yushan has fallen by itself and no one can recommend it." It is further deepened.
In the fifth paragraph, after the writer listened to the author's talk, his sadness turned to joy, and he drank happily, "we were sleeping together in the boat, not knowing how white the east was." Echoing the beginning, it describes the joy of travel and appreciation, and the state of forgetting gains and losses, and transcending things.
This poem has the following characteristics in terms of artistic techniques:
The integration of "emotion, scenery, and reason". The whole text, whether lyrical or argumentative, is always inseparable from the scenery on the river and the story of Red Cliff, forming a fusion of emotion, scenery and reason. The whole story is linked by scenery, with wind and moon as the main scenery, supplemented by mountains and water. The author captures the wind and moon to describe and discuss. The article is divided into three levels to express the author's complex and contradictory inner world: first, he writes about boating on the river on a moonlit night, drinking wine and composing poems, which makes people immersed in the beautiful scenery and forgetting the worldly happiness; secondly, he writes about the rise and fall of historical figures, feeling that life is short, It is constantly changing, so it falls into the anguish of reality; in the end, it elaborates on the philosophy of change and immutability, stating that human beings and all things exist forever, expressing a broad-minded and optimistic attitude towards life. The description of scenery, lyricism and reasoning have reached the level of harmony.
The genre form of "using literature as poetry". This article not only retains the poetic characteristics and charm of the traditional fu style, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the constraints of the sentence structure and the duality of rhythm and rhythm, and is more of a prose component. , so that the article has the deep emotional charm of poetry and the thorough concept of prose. The style and tone of the prose make the whole article gloomy and frustrating, like "a spring of ten thousand dendrobiums gushing out". Different from Fu's emphasis on duality, it is relatively freer. For example, the opening paragraph "In the autumn of Renxu, in July, Su Zi and his guests went boating under Red Cliff". They are all in prose, and there are some scattered among them. Due to tidying up. From the following to the end of the article, most of it rhymes, but the rhyme changes are quick, and the rhyme change is often a paragraph of literary meaning. This makes this article particularly suitable for reading, and it is very beautiful in sound and rhyme, reflecting the strengths of rhyme.
The imagery is coherent and the structure is rigorous. The coherence of the scenery not only makes the whole text seem unified and exquisite in structure, but also communicates the emotional context and ups and downs of the whole text. The description of the scene at the beginning reflects the author's open-minded and optimistic mood; "singing while leaning on the side of the boat" is born from the "empty" and "streaming light" scenery, and is the transition from "joyful" to "stunned"; The guest expressed his sorrow to the wind and moon, and his mood turned into a low and negative mood; in the end, the bright moon and the breeze in front of him led to discussions on the mutation of all things and the philosophy of life, thus dispelling the sadness in his heart. The repeated interspersing of scenery does not give people the feeling of repetition and procrastination at all. Instead, it expresses the waxing and waning of the characters' sadness and joy while reproducing the changing process of the author's ambivalence, and finally achieves the perfect unity of the poetic and artistic meaning of the full text and the theoretical interest of the argument.
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