Geyuan is the oldest and most well-preserved salt merchant garden in Yangzhou, bordering the famous Dongguan Street in Gu Xiang, Yangzhou in the south and Yanfu East Road in the inland river scenic spot in Yangzhou in the north. It is the home of Huang Zhijun, general manager of salt industry in the 23rd year of Jiaqing (18 18). It is a classic representative of Yangzhou private gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties. 1998 was declared as "National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" by the State Council, and it is also called the four famous gardens in China together with the Summer Palace, chengde mountain resort and Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden.
Huang Zhijun, the owner of the garden, has been the general manager of merchants in the Huai River and Huai River for more than 50 years. The whole park covers an area of 2.3 hectares, and the overall layout adopts the traditional form of classical gardens, with bamboo and stone as the main gardens. Bamboo planting is a grand view with the goal of rich varieties. The characteristic of stacked stones is to divide the peaks and use stones. The unique stacked stones in the four seasons mountains are amazing in the north and south, and they are famous far and near. In addition, there are three luxurious residences, a micro-display of HTC and a loud corner, which show the luxurious atmosphere of home life of several generations of salt merchants. Because of its unique scenery and ingenious composition, it has a profound and charming realm in the open and spacious.
The word "Ge" in Ge Yuan's name is the most intriguing. As we all know, "ge" is used as a quantifier in dictionaries and language habits, such as: a person, an apple. In fact, the earliest meaning of "ge" is "a bamboo pole", and the ancient book "Justice in Historical Records" has the saying that "a bamboo is like a piece, a wood is like a piece". This is not surprising, because Chinese characters are hieroglyphics, isn't "Ge" exactly the same as the shape of bamboo leaves? Yuan Mei, a great talent and poet in Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem "The moon reflects a thousand words on the bamboo, and the plum blossoms in first frost", which is vivid in image and ethereal in artistic conception, and can be described as winning the charm of bamboo. In addition, Huang Zhijun himself takes "Geyuan" as his nickname. People and gardens are integrated and meaningful. In the garden, bamboo lives in trinity, stone lives in trinity, and people live in trinity. Divided into separate chapters, each played brightly, combined into a natural world, climax after climax. Man, bamboo and stone are integrated, and the guest and the host are inseparable. It is a private residential garden in the south of the Yangtze River with the most local characteristics of Yangzhou. Now let's appreciate its enduring artistic charm.
Ten thousand kinds of ecological bamboo
Into the north gate, the oncoming is ten thousand poles to cultivate bamboo. Bamboo is the soul of the garden. When visiting a garden, the first thing to do is to look at bamboo. Huang Zhijun likes bamboo and has planted thousands of bamboo poles in his garden. Even the name of the garden comes from bamboo. In fact, Yangzhou has a long history of bamboo cultivation. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Yao He wrote in "Yangzhou Spring Poetry" that Yangzhou people "only have bamboo in the land, but no geese at home". "Bamboo" has always been loved by China literati, not only because of its elegant posture and jasper color, but also because of its character of "integrity, modesty and integrity". For example, Zhang Jiuling's "the high person pays attention to each other, and the low person knows it"; Su Dongpo's "I would rather eat without meat than live without bamboo, which makes people thin and vulgar"; From 65438 to 0997, Ge Yuan built the "Variety Bamboo Ornamental Area" in the north of the Four Seasons Rockery, which gradually restored the original historical appearance of "Variety Bamboo". At present, it is the best place to enjoy bamboo in Yangzhou. The total floor area is 12000 square meters, and there are more than 60 kinds of bamboos with nearly 20000 poles. Set up areas such as earth mountain bamboo forest, variety appreciation, reflection clear water pavilion, and bamboo west good place.
Viewing bamboo in Geyuan is not only a pleasing aesthetic enjoyment, but also a profound and interesting knowledge. Bamboo, neither herbaceous nor woody, is a special family in the plant kingdom. In plant taxonomy, bamboo belongs to Gramineae. According to records, there are about 50 genera 1300 species of bamboo plants in the world. There are about 30 genera and 500 species of bamboo distributed naturally in China. Divided into two categories: clustered and scattered, Yangzhou is located in Jianghuai, which is suitable for scattered bamboo species and a few cold-resistant clustered varieties. There are more than 60 species in the garden, which are divided into two kinds: stem viewing and leaf viewing. In the stalk, there are also differences in form and color. Like hawksbill bamboo, square bamboo and spiral bamboo; Phyllostachys pubescens, Lohan bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens, Alpine bamboo, etc. Appreciate its unusual stem shape; However, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Dianthus China and Zizhu appreciate the color of stems. Among the foliage trees, there are Indocalamus latifolia, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys gigantea and so on. In addition, there are scattered trees in the park, such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Tang Zhu, Phyllostachys pubescens and Dendrocalamus giganteus.
Tortoise shell bamboo
Tortoise shell is the most peculiar bamboo in the garden. It is a variety of Phyllostachys pubescens, which belongs to natural variation bamboo, so it is extremely rare and difficult to see in thousands of acres of bamboo forests. It is a rare ornamental bamboo species. The segments of tortoise shell bamboo are like tortoise shell and Long Lin, which are uneven, well-organized, hard and rough. Compared with other delicate and elegant bamboos, it is less delicate and elegant, and more strong and determined. The internodes at the base of the culm are continuous and irregular, short and swollen, and cross continuously like tortoiseshell. It symbolizes health and longevity, and happiness is like the East China Sea.
Cixiaozhu
This species is called Xiaoshun Bamboo, also known as Cixiao Bamboo, which is a clustered bamboo species. The bamboo shoot period is in summer, and the new bamboo is close to the old bamboo, as if following the old adage that "parents are there, so don't travel far". While the old bamboo cares for and supports the new bamboo to grow peacefully, rain or shine. As Banqiao said, "Hsinchu is taller than the old bamboo branches and supported by the old poles." Because of the climate, there are few clustered bamboos in the garden, only Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys pubescens.
mottled bamboo
Among all bamboos, the most legendary and sad one is Bambusa bambusa. Because it is closely related to a beautiful and touching tragic story in our national legend. There are purple spots on the green bamboo pole, just like tears. According to the Jin Dynasty naturalist Zhang Hua's "Natural History", Yao, the first emperor in China's history, had two daughters, one named and the other named, both of whom were married, and who succeeded to the throne. After Shun Di's death, the two sisters who lost their husbands cried day and night, and the tears turned into blood and sprinkled on the bamboo, which was covered with spots. People call it Bambusa bambusa. Later, when E Huang and Nv Ying's tears dried up, they committed suicide in Xiangjiang River. Legend has it that they became the goddess of Xiang water, so Bambusa is also called Xiangfei Bamboo. Bamboo is a famous ornamental bamboo. In fact, from a biological point of view, the pattern of small bamboo should be caused by fungi corroding young bamboo. However, people still prefer to believe that it was dyed with tears. The faithful love represented by A Thousand Tears of Bambusa always makes people yearn for it.
Jasper room, gold room, jasper room.
This is the most abundant bamboo in the garden. This kind of bamboo has bright colors and lanceolate leaves, and is an excellent ornamental bamboo species. Bamboo is golden yellow with green stripes between nodes, which is the jasper in gold. The bamboo pole is bright green, and the yellow stripes on the internodes are jasper gold. Very ornamental.
Zhu Xi Jia Chu (Zhu Jing)
The winding path leads to a secluded place, which is one of the aesthetic elements of Jiangnan gardens. The slender bamboo path can better reflect the beauty of garden artistic conception. Entering the bamboo ecological zone, there is a path tens of meters long passing through it. The bamboo shadow is oblique, the bamboo fragrance is quiet, and the screen light leaks the moon. At the end of the bamboo trail, you can see a plaque that says "the best place in the west of bamboo" and the origin of "Zhuxi", which comes from the poem "Who knows Zhuxi Road, sings and blows Yangzhou" sung by Du Mu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Jiang Kui, a poet of the Song Dynasty, came here, saying that "the left is cherished, and the main place is good". Later, people used "Zhujiachu" to refer to Yangzhou. "The beauty of the west of bamboo" has returned to the literal original meaning here, obviously reminding people that the bamboo scenery here is the best. If you ponder the aftertaste carefully, you will suddenly realize that the real beauty of western bamboo lies in this bamboo path. Walking through the bamboo path is a tree-lined path formed by the staggered branches and leaves of osmanthus trees. The flowering period of osmanthus fragrans is mostly around the Mid-Autumn Festival, which can last for about 20 days, but the flowering period is only one week. At this time, the sky is clear and cold, so there is also a saying that "Coody Leng is silent and wet with osmanthus". Every time I go to blossom, the garden is fresh and intoxicating. At this time, if you come to the garden, you can enjoy this sweet fragrance to your heart's content. When the breeze blows, the fine osmanthus will fall all over your hair and skirt like rain.
The small building you see now is the "series building". You can know from the name that this is the place where the owner collects books and studies. Osmanthus fragrans has always been closely linked with people's proud official career and successful career in the old society. Huang Zhijun planted osmanthus in the garden and opened a bookstore. Of course, he hopes that his descendants will be brilliant and successful. There are couplets downstairs: if the air is clear and the heart is empty, it is a bamboo; Happy in the water, happy in the same mountain.
Guan Gai Hao Men Shang Yan Di
Looking south through the series of buildings, we now see the daily living place of the owner Huang Zhijun. According to the tradition of sitting in the garden facing south and in front of the house, the south of Geyuan is the owner's living area, and the main entrance is on Dongguan Street. Opposite the gate is a luxurious eight-character brick carving. Mr. Chen Congzhou said in the Garden Talk; "Gorgeous walls, with ceramic tiles, carved patterns and the word' Fu' embedded in the middle, are like the gates of a garden, and are beautifully made." A Qing scholar Jin Xuefang once said that gardens are "gatherings of celebrities".