How to teach China's ancient poems in primary schools
First, teach students how to learn ancient poetry.
? It is better to teach people to fish than to teach people to fish, to teach people to fish only for a while, and to teach people to fish to solve the needs of a lifetime. ? As Laozi said, the way to teach students to learn ancient poetry is to teach them the key to open the treasure house of ancient poetry. In the teaching of ancient poetry, I did this:
1. Analyze the title of the poem and get to know the poet: Analyze the title of the poem and get to know the author's writing style and background. This is very important for mastering the tone and understanding the content and feeling of ancient poetry, which can be said to be the cornerstone of learning an ancient poem well.
2. Reading poetry to understand poetry: Through students' preview and reading poetry, on this basis, the beauty of rhythm and music of reading ancient poetry is beautiful. Understand the meaning of key words in ancient poetry by combining annotations with dictionary reference. It should be noted that the two are intertwined. Reading poetry is an important way to understand poetry. Knowing poetry can promote students to read poetry better, and these two points cannot be separated.
3. Enter the poetic realm to recite poems: after understanding the meaning of ancient poems, teachers should adopt appropriate methods to guide students into the poetic realm according to their cognitive level and the characteristics of grades and classes.
Second, grasp the poet's thoughts and feelings.
"Chinese Curriculum Standards for Primary Schools" clearly points out:? Primary school is the basic stage of learning Chinese, so we must lay a good foundation in listening, speaking, reading and writing, strengthen ideological education and cultivate the ability of observation and thinking. ? The ancient poems compiled in primary school Chinese textbooks are all compiled from the characteristics of children's physical and mental development. It can be roughly divided into the following categories: 1, praising the great rivers and mountains and beautiful scenery of the motherland; 2. Describe natural scenery and praise natural beauty. Ru Luo's Goose. Among them? White hair floating green water, red palm dialing green waves? In short, a few words vividly describe the way geese swim in the water and their elegant posture, thus cultivating children's love for small animals from an early age; 3. Praise the working people and the working people; 4. Express patriotism and affection, friendship and nostalgia, such as "To Wang Lun" by Li Bai? Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. ? Expressing the deep feelings between poets and friends, the teaching of these ancient poems can cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland, their hometown and their healthy feelings of loving relatives and friends from an early age.
Third, read poems and let students taste the beauty of language.
To taste the language, read the poem first. The language of ancient poetry is concise, implicit and beautiful. Teachers should grasp the key words and phrases, so that students can read the pronunciation correctly, know the font, understand the meaning of words, and guide students to understand the language and the general idea. For example, Bai Juyi's poem "Recalling Jiangnan" was handed down by students? Sunrise? 、? Jiang Hua? 、? River water? Students can quickly grasp the understanding of these words: the calm river and beautiful riverside scenery make people feel open-minded and picturesque! The text brings students into a colorful world, and they travel happily with the author to appreciate the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, to appreciate the author's love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland, and to cover the picture with the sunrise scenery, forming a seamless leisurely artistic conception. In teaching, teachers should also guide students to chew words, scrutinize them carefully, and experience the skills of poets in practicing words and expressions. At the same time, in teaching, teachers should guide the study of ancient poems, guide them in lectures, practice them in guidance, and inspire students to understand the usage of laws.
Fourth, learn ancient poetry? Read, recite, write and draw? combine
The ancients had to recite hundreds of articles when they were young, which was the experience of the ancients in learning Chinese for thousands of years. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a Dong Yu, who famously called? Read it a hundred times to see what it means. This is the reading method believed by the ancients. Du Fu has two famous poems called? Reading is like breaking thousands of volumes, and writing is like a god? . It means that if you read more books, you will naturally write good poems. This is the composition method believed by the ancients. So, what are the ways to recite ancient poems?
1, leading method. Some recited poems suddenly come to mind. At this time, the teacher or classmates will prompt the guide words, words and sentences, and he can go on quickly.
2. Be familiar with chanting methods. Let the students use as many senses as possible in the process of reading aloud. In the process of reading aloud, the ears, brain, mouth and eyes coordinate their activities and read aloud. If you read too much, you will naturally recite it.
3. How to ask questions. Teachers help students remember by asking questions according to the characteristics of students in each period and the content of poems.
How to understand the context of words in primary school Chinese
First, relying on the text to enrich the lexical connotation
When guiding students to understand and comprehend words, they should not just stay in the superficial understanding of content and meaning, but rely on the text, put words into the specific context of the text to taste and scrutinize, understand the potential and implied deep meaning of words, and appreciate the subtle intention of the author. For example, after teaching "Grey Bird" (the first volume of the third grade of People's Education Edition)? The next day, Lenin came under the birch tree. Sure enough, he saw the finches singing happily on the branches. ? Are you online? Jumping around? When I read words, I first guide sketching, reading sentences and then thinking. Jumping around? What do you mean? After the students show their understanding, I further guide them to find out which sentences in the text can help us see the happy finches.
Read aloud and find out what the first paragraph of the article says. They jump back and forth between branches, singing euphemistically, which is very pleasant. ? This sentence is about larks. I then asked: What words can make you feel the meaning of blackbird? Jumping around? Students read this sentence aloud. Did you find it again? Jump back and forth? ,? Sing softly? These words all mean that the grey finches are singing and dancing happily. Right? Jumping around? For the understanding of this word, I put it in the context of the full text, leading students to better understand and master it by contacting the above. Indeed, the understanding of the key words in the article can be explained by the relevant sentences in the article. In teaching, we can guide students to start with the whole article and find key sentences so as to understand the key words in the article.
Second, create a situation to understand the meaning of words
In Chinese teaching, creating appropriate situations is not only helpful to understand words, but also interesting and effective. For example, teach the lesson "Quarrel"? Suffering? Understanding of words: When teaching this part, I create situations. Me? After quarreling with Clety, how did you feel about what your father said and what the other party said? I'll wait for you outside? What's the mood, and then guide the students to find it? After all, I have something on my mind, and I didn't listen to a word the teacher said? Imagine my psychology at that time to make it easier for students to understand? Suffering? Usage of the word: put? Me? Hesitation, contradiction, I don't know how to face the psychological performance of my friends.
I create a specific context according to the teaching content, so that students can really enter the text world through role experience and vivid speech practice in the context, and the internal meaning expressed by words can be stored in students' brains with a little dialing. Students are not only easy to understand? Suffering? I can also appreciate the preciousness of friendship between classmates. When teaching the five-star red flag. I shook my head, struggled to put on my coat and came out with a bright national flag? Do you understand? Hey? Guide the students to imagine my drifting accident, scarred body, exhausted, hungry and exhausted.
So as to realize that the body is askew, walking unsteadily and wobbling, which is called? Hey? . Another example is "mom's bill"? After a while, with a pounding heart, he crept to his mother. ? Do you understand? Sneaking around? In a word, we can let students imagine Peter's shame at that time. His movements must be very light and slow, and he approached his mother with trepidation. From this, I understand, walking carefully and lightly, what is this called? Sneaking around? .
Third, contact life and touch words and emotions.
Connecting with life situation means starting with students' life experiences, using their experiences and experiences in life, opening up the channel of connecting words with life, arousing the images and emotions related to words in students' minds, making the contents of words correspond to students' life experiences, and guiding students to understand words in specific life situations. Teach "She's my friend"? Is it imminent? When using this word, first guide the students to imagine the situation of the little girl at that time: the little girl was the most seriously injured, and if she was not rescued in time, she would die of shock and excessive blood loss. At this time, I added some information about people who were shocked or died because of excessive blood loss, and guided the students to contact their own life experiences, realizing that blood transfusion for the little girl is the key to saving lives, and it is urgent. So as to understand in the process of reading the text? Is it imminent? The meaning of. When students understand the meaning of words by reading materials and connecting with their own life experiences, and at the same time touch the unique emotions contained in words, and have a whole-hearted experience, the understanding of words is clearly branded in students' personality interpretation.
Fourth, replace words and highlight the original meaning of words.
According to the language environment in which the words are located, change the words you don't know into words you know. If they are still meaningful and conform to the specific meaning of the language environment, then this replaced word can be used as an explanation of words you don't understand. Studying the mystery of the moon? As night falls, a bright moon hangs high in the night sky. How many beautiful reverie did the bright moonlight cause? Right? In order to understand the word daydream, I guide the students to read this passage several times, thinking while reading. Suddenly? Change a word to see if it makes sense, and students will naturally think of it. Imagine? 、? Fantasy? , the problem is solved.
Fifth, clear the context and tap the meaning of words.
It is quite troublesome to understand the meaning of words according to the context of the article. If you think according to the context of the article, you can understand the meaning of words, because the meaning of words is often implied in the context. For example, in the article Precious Silence, children will feel love, but this is not enough. I want to find something extremely precious hidden in their hearts that they haven't realized yet? . ? In this passage? Something extremely precious? This word is not easy for students to understand. If students are guided to clarify the context of the article, they should first answer the teacher's questions in unison. Do mom and dad know when your birthday is? Explain that students can feel their parents' love, and then look at the questions raised by the teacher later, you can understand that the teacher also wants to let students know how to repay their parents' love through this class. What about this? What are the most precious things hidden in students' hearts that they haven't realized yet? what's up Something extremely precious? That is, teachers want students to know how to care about their parents and return their love.