[Qing] (1645- 1704) A work (1645- 1703) was written by a man named Pinglu, also known as Jiangcun, a famous bamboo window. He was born in Qiantang, Pinghu, Zhejiang. In the early days of Israel, students tried the capital, which was unfavorable and sold their own articles. The new year is a spring post for people, not their own books. Occasionally seen by sages, the second test in ten days is the first. Life is dedicated to the imperial palace, and the official is the assistant minister of does. Stone. Fine appreciation, collection of famous relics, and Sun Tugu (Chengze) phase. What Jiang did was the same as that of Geng Zi. Merit and books, especially Zhong and Wang. There are paintings by Mrs. Xiang, Mrs. Xiang, some dead wood and bamboo stones, some landscapes and silk fishing pictures, all of which are very beautiful. There are the complete works of Yin Qing Concert Hall. He died at the age of 60, one was 59. Biography of the History of Qing Dynasty, Painting Theory of Mountain Dwelling, Biography of Celebrity Fan Ji, Pinghu County Records, Biography of Painters in the Past Dynasties in Danghu.
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Gao Shiqi (1645- 1704) was a minister and historian of the Qing dynasty. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) people. The word Lian ren,No. Jiangcun, is a whole family. Sacrificing all the students to the palace was believed by Emperor Kangxi, the holy father of the Qing Dynasty, and the official exhibition government paid little attention to it. In order to frame the party for personal gain, he was disintegrated and removed from office. Later, he was called to Beijing, where he was the official assistant minister. A pawn, he is a writer. He is good at poetry, calligraphy and appreciation, and has a large collection of paintings and calligraphy. He is the author of Textual Research on Place Names in the Spring and Autumn Period, The Final Notes of Zuo Zhuan, Yin Qingtang Collection, The Summer Resort in Jiangcun Village, Tian Ji, Attendants Record, etc.
Supplement: In the 19th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1680), he added classes in imperial academy. Twenty-two years, make up the history of reading, full-time lecture chief. In twenty-three years, he switched to You Chunfang, a right bastard, and soon became a bachelor and lecturer at the Imperial Academy. The following year, he was transferred to bachelor's degree and served as vice president of unified records in Daqing. After moving to Zhan's house, there were fewer Zhan's. In the spring of twenty-eight years, he went south to Hangzhou with Kangxi. In September, Guo Xian, the imperial adviser of Zuodu, was impeached, accusing him of cronyism, bribery and private civil engineering. As a result, he was dismissed and returned to Hangzhou. In thirty-three years, he was ordered to go to Beijing to study in the south study room. In thirty-six years, I invited my foster mother back and gave her a special gift, the Fu Zhan's. Forty-one years, he served as assistant minister of does, but did not go to his post. In forty-three years, it ushered in the southern tour of Hangzhou. Gao Shiqi is knowledgeable. Kangxi once said in front of the ministers: "A scholar didn't get credit for fighting, but I was kind to him and became a great scholar with his help." He is good at poetry and calligraphy, textual research and appreciation, and his collection of calligraphy and painting is very rich.
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Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty was a master of English, which can be described as a history book. He associates with the monarchs and ministers of Gao Shiqi, and has many unofficial history. There are different opinions about Gao Shiqi. But few articles reflect Gao Shiqi's early life. Even Biography of Qing History, Draft of Qing History, Biography of Seven Hundred Celebrities in Qing Dynasty, Qingpu Lake County Records and Gao Bo Genealogy are not completely described.
However, according to the above historical data, Gao Shiqi was born in Yuyao (now Gaojia Village, Zhangshu Town, Cixi).
In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Gao Shiqi moved his family to the north. Unfortunately, his father died shortly after he arrived in Beijing, and the burden of family life was ruthlessly pressed on this twenty-year-old scholar. It was not until I entered Tai Chi at the age of 26 that my life began to improve. On the third day of April in the tenth year of Kangxi (167 1), Kangxi, a young emperor under the age of 20, took the lead in taking part in the imperial examination after decisively and skillfully eradicating Ao Bai and other authoritarian flattering assistant ministers. So he was not recommended by Mingzhu as described in the Draft of Qing History, but learned by his calligraphy. In May this year, Kang Xiqin ordered Gao Shiqi to copy the speech of the banquet for him, and Gao Shiqi worked very hard. Every night after finishing this book, he reads it with his wife, often until midnight. Due to Gao Shiqi's excellent work, on July 25th of the following year, Emperor Kangxi met the clerk in the Maoqin Hall and gave him a special piece of satin. Gao Shiqi also lost no time in presenting Ode to a Journey to the East, which not only expressed his loyalty to the emperor, but also showed his talent and was appreciated by Kangxi. In the winter of the fourteenth year of Kangxi, Gao Tuqi entered Zhan Fu as a clerk. Gao Tuqi happily wrote: "I was banned as a minister at the beginning and worshipped the official for many years." In August of the 16th year of Kangxi (1677), Gao Shiqi went to Nanyuan as secretary with Kangxi, and Gao Shiqi became Kangxi's entourage. Gao Shiqi proudly wrote a poem: "I laughed at my fame, but the rain was deep." . In the winter of the same year, Gao Shiqi was promoted to Secretary-General of the Cabinet and received six salaries. Kangxi gave the imperial book the word "loyalty and filial piety". Later, Kangxi rescued Gao Shiqi and said, "I have worked in China for many years, and I have compiled many articles such as secret orders, chapters and poems. I specially give you ten horses inside and outside, and 520 pieces of silver to show my diligence. It was also given to the "Family of Loyalty and Filial Piety" as a royal seal (now in pinghu city Museum, with seal script, given on the first day of July).
In May of the 19th year of Kangxi, Kangxi ordered the official department to say: Gao Shiqi is knowledgeable, diligent and dedicated for many years, and should be awarded to imperial academy. After discussion by the official department, Gao Shiqi was awarded an additional assistant to imperial academy. Kangxi said that Gao Shiqi's knowledge was rampant, which was of course well founded. After Gao Shiqi was appointed as cabinet minister, he personally tried out his knowledge and taught it to him.
In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), the relationship between Gao Shiqi and Kangxi became closer.
In the 23rd year of Kangxi, Gao Shiqi moved right to Chunfang and left to Chunfang in February. He was promoted to a bachelor's degree as an assistant lecturer in imperial academy and became the "teacher" of Kangxi.
These years have been the most difficult days in Gao Shiqi. Every night, she always works until the next or third night. His wife sits at home eating and drinking, and occasionally speaks frankly, so she encourages each other with diligence. When I was talking about Zhouyi, I went back to Lang in the middle of the night and didn't dare to sleep until I knew what Yi Yi was going to say tomorrow. His wife always accompanied him, even if the weather was hot and cold. During this period, Kangxi, accompanied by Gao Shiqi, visited Songting, Saibei, Shengjing, Wula and Zhejiang. Gao Shiqi wrote such a poem: "Songting in Saibei carries a lot of pens, and the mountains in the south of the Yangtze River patrol from time to time, aiming at being kind to and caring for yourself." This poem not only reflects the "writing frequency" between him and Kangxi, but also apologizes to his wife for "taking care". But after all, Gao Shiqi attached great importance to Kangxi, and when he visited Jiangnan in November of the 23rd, he was studying late at night. Gao Shiqi invited him to say, "It is better to bow more and be frugal." Kangxi replied: "I have collected books since I was five years old; I never tire of studying late into the night! " It serves to show that the monarch and the minister are close.
In the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), Gao Shiqi became a bachelor and served as the vice chairman of the Qing government. Ding Mao (twenty-six years of Kangxi, 1687) moved to Zhanfu to work less. From a likable eunuch to a four-level official. This is unique in the era of science.
Gao Shiqi's stay in the palace was a period when Kangxi made great achievements. In the 20th year of Kangxi, the rebellion of Wu Sangui, Geng and Shang Zhixin in San Francisco was completely put down. In 22 years, Taiwan Province Province was recovered, which promoted national reunification. Twenty-five years later, Kangxi ordered the fight against Russian invaders and the recovery of jaxa. In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), China and Russia signed the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, thus delineating the eastern border between China and Russia. It is not difficult to imagine that Gao Shiqi, who sat in the palace, influenced and played a role in Emperor Kangxi.
Just when Gao Shiqi was promoted step by step, bad luck came. In the 27th year of Kangxi, Shandong Governor Zhang Xun went to Beijing to pay bribes. After trial, Gao Tu served his sentence for his involvement. Kangxi ordered not to plant vines, and Gao Shiqi had to ask. So the prison words involved Gao Shiqi, but what was the reason why Kangxi ordered not to be arrogant? As Gao Shiqi said in a few words, "I only edited motorcycles in Lu Zhi", "I don't talk about it, or I don't make pilgrimages for months. I never interfere in politics ... I just admire it for a long time, and I get suspicious. Zhang Hao has no reason to doubt and complain. He slanders and slanders ... pleading to return to the battlefield. " Kangxi knew very well that Gao Shiqi's words were sincere, so Kangxi agreed to Gao Shiqi's dismissal.
In the spring of the 28th year of Kangxi, Kangxi made a southern tour of Hangzhou, and Xie Jia Shi Qi was still his entourage. In Hangzhou, Kangxi wrote a poem about Xixi Villa and gave it to Gao Shiqi with the word "bamboo window". Shi Qi is named after "bamboo window". It can be seen that Kangxi was not neglected because of his involvement in Zhang's case, and Zhang's case will inevitably lead to greater criticism. In September, Gao Shiqi and others were impeached by Zuodu Yushi Guo Wei, and became the principal criminals of traitors at home and abroad who planted and framed for personal gain. He listed four major culprits, and finally said, "Wang, Kai He, and other jackals have their own natures, but they are snake-hearted and fantastic." In this way, Gao Shiqi and others divorced and sent them home. Kangxi ordered them to go home.
Gao Shiqi enjoys an excellent forest trip, because its customs are simple, its place is secluded and there is no interference from foreign objects. /kloc-in June of 0/0, he was ordered to return to the field and become a Pinghu native.
Gao Shiqi left Kangxi, but Kangxi still remembered it for a long time. Thirty-two years (1693), on April 16th, Gui You gave Gao Shiqi a hand: "I don't like taking part in ginseng the most. As far as I know, I was very ill the year before, but later I recovered from this medicine. So I asked someone to find eight or nine inches long in Changbai Mountain, and a dozen are the best. The author thinks that Kangxi treated Gao Shiqi far beyond the general relationship between monarch and minister. Gao Shiqi left Kangxi for more than three years. When Kangxi recovered from a serious illness, he thought that Gao Shiqi, who was far away from the rivers and lakes, must not have the gas of the year, and gave him supplements that were not available in the south to comfort him. " You should relax and support yourself, so don't worry about it. "The meaning is obvious. In July, he also presented Gao Shiqi with a poem about imperial fans: "My old friend has been away for three years, so I have sent a message to seal my book during the day, and I should feel sick. Read a white cloud every time you recite a poem. "Kangxi gave gifts and feelings, and the relationship between the monarch and the minister became" long-lost old friends. " "In feudal society, who can be called an old friend by the emperor?
In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1694), Kangxi ordered the university students to recommend people who were good at articles and learned to write books, which actually opened the door for the comeback of Gao Shiqi and others, which was well known to university students such as Wang Xi and Zhang Yushu. Besides, Zhang Yushu and Gao Shiqi both worked in the south study. Therefore, naturally recommend Xu, Wang and others. In this way, five years after Gao Shiqi left Beijing for his hometown, he was reinstated and moved into the Forbidden City. In the feudal dynasty, how many people can live in the palace for the second time?
In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), Bingzi rebelled in galdan, and Kangxi made three personal expeditions. Gao Shiqi also explored with the emperor and lived in the wild. When the rebellion in galdan subsided, Gao Shiqi asked his mother for money, and Kangxi granted Gao Shiqi showroom and showroom official positions as third-class officials, making it difficult to return home, and gave him a royal plaque of "Yin Qing Hall".
After the return of Gao Shiqi, Kangxi still thought about Gao Shiqi. In July of the thirty-seventh year (1698), Wuyin presented a poem: "I want to stay in the rivers and lakes after twenty years of writing. It suddenly occurred to me that I was talking about Zuoguo, vaguely in the thirteenth autumn. Kangxi recalled Gao Shiqi's Zuozhuan and Guoyu, and told Gao Shiqi's yearning for Jianghu. It can be seen how sincere the feelings between Kangxi and Gao Shiqi are.
Thirty-eight years (1699) in March, Kangxi gave Gao Shiqi the plaque of "Loyalty, Filial Piety and Righteousness". These four words "loyalty, filial piety and righteousness" are actually the best answers to the four reprehensible crimes of Guo Wei's impeachment. In August of forty years, Kangxi gave Gao Shiqi a couplet: "Loyalty is the form, filial piety is the essence, words are substantial, and actions are constant". This is the life evaluation of Gao Shiqi by Emperor Kangxi.
At noon in forty-one years (1702), Kangxi granted Gao Shiqi assistant minister and second-class officer, and Gao Shiqi did not go to his mother's old age. In forty-two years, Kangxi made a southern tour of Hangzhou, and Gao Shiqi ran to Huai 'an to meet him. After the southern tour, Shi Qi drove to Beijing again, arrived in Changchun Garden on March 17, and lived in Neizhi. On 21st, Kangxi said to Gao Shiqi, "I have a long history in Inner Mongolia and I am different from others. Today, I have seen all the scenery in the garden. " Kangxi accompanied Gao Shiqi to visit various scenic spots in the palace gardens all day, just as Gao Shiqi wrote in the Secret Records of Pengshan: "It is the passage of time, that is, staying at home, alienating the few, can't come!" Kangxi's greatest value to Gao Shiqi was April 17, when he said to his left and right, "I started studying at the beginning of that day, and everyone who taught me stopped: I only learned the four books and the five classics ... but then I got high."
Shi Qi began to lead poetry to the right path. He often tells me that poetry has its own dynasty, which is clear at a glance. I seriously doubt this statement. Today, when I discuss the number of families and read poetry, I can distinguish the white age, and poetry has made a slight progress consciously, all thanks to Gao Shiqi. "
So, how much knowledge does Gao Shiqi have? The evaluation of "Biography of Pinghu County Records and Gao Shiqi" in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty is well said: "The compilation of planning books is the richest; Good God King Xiao Kai; Poetry, especially long poems, should be tailored; Commentator, Tongcheng Zhang Xiang Guoying is also called; Exquisite appreciation; All calligraphy books, famous paintings, Yi Ding and Wan Yan have been erased, and the sound price is ten times. " It can be seen that he is a scholar with high attainments in literature and history, politics and economics, calligraphy and appreciation.
For more than 300 years, besides Guo Shen's impeachment of Gao Shiqi, it is not surprising that many unofficial history also regarded Gao Shiqi as an insatiable courtier. I don't think there is a definite basis.
With regard to the evaluation, the author thinks that Kangxi is the British Lord affirmed by people in history, and is its internal minister rather than an official. Guo Shen's impeachment of Xu, Gao and Wang is actually a reflection of the struggle for power and interests within the bureaucratic group in Taiping and Shengshi. Kangxi saw this, so he didn't condemn Gao Shiqi. Gao Shiqi's departure from Beijing was a measure for Kangxi to consolidate his rule. Therefore, when Gao Shiqi was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown, Kangxi was still obsessed with it. When Gao Shiqi left Beijing for the last time, Kangxi said, "I can't bear to see you cry." At this time, the leader of Shouming Palace was sent to the garden gate. At this time, everyone feels sad. In the feudal dynasty, there was such an exciting scene, which was rare in the long history of China for 5,000 years.
After Gao Shiqi came back from Peiping, he edited the Imperial Poem for Kangxi, which was completed in June and May, and he also wrote an postscript. However, in just half a month, he died at the age of 30. It should be said that Gao Shiqi left this world with the trust and loyalty of Kangxi.
Gao Shiqi is a capable official loyal to Kangxi and a scholar who has made great achievements in literature, history and philosophy. He is by no means a "thief of the people, one of the countries" as Guo Wei and others said. Because of this, after Gao Shiqi's death, Kangxi posthumous title Kewen, which means: a scholar who abides by the rules.