? -Appreciation of ancient poems about snow (3)
Wang chuanxue
? The Tang Dynasty poet Zuyong wrote when he saw the snow peak in Central South China:
? Looking south, the northern mountain is beautiful and snowy, like a cloud.
? After the snow in Chu Qing, the afterglow of the sun shone from the forest. It was late, and Chang 'an was even more chilly.
? According to Volume 20 of Chronicle of Tang Poems, this poem was written by Zu Yong when he was in Chang 'an. According to the regulations, he was required to write a five-character arrangement with six rhymes and twelve sentences, but he only wrote these four sentences before handing in the paper. Someone asked him why, and he said, "The meaning is complete." This is really a short story, there is no need to gild the lily.
? The title means to look at the snow in the south. When you look at Zhong Nanshan from Chang 'an, you naturally see its "Yin Ridge" (the north of the mountain is called "Yin"); Moreover, only its "yin" has "residual snow" The word "Yin" is accurate. "Show" is the impression you get from looking at it, which not only praises Mount Zhongnan, but also leads to the next sentence. "Top the clouds with its white" is the specific content of "seeing how Zhongnanshan takes off". The word "floating" is very vivid. Snow naturally cannot float in the clouds. This means that the Silver Ridge in Zhong Nanshan is higher than the clouds, and the snow has not melted yet. Clouds are always flowing; Moreover, the snow above the clouds sparkles in the sun, giving people the feeling of "floating". The "Ji color" in The Snow Line is Warm and Empty, refers to the color painted by the sunshine on the "forest table" when it rains and snows in Chu. At the same time, the phrase "White clouds are above white" describes the towering Mount Zhongnan, expressing the poet's lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments.
"Ming" is certainly good, but "Ji" is more important. The poet wrote about seeing the snow in the south from Chang 'an. Zhongnanshan is about 60 miles south of Chang 'an. Looking at Zhongnanshan from the middle of Chang 'an, it is not clear on cloudy days. Even on a clear day, you usually see the mist hanging over the Mount Zhongnan. Only when it rains and snows in Chu can we see its true colors clearly. Jia Dao's poem "Looking at the Mountain" said: "It rains constantly every day, and people who look at the mountain are worried about killing. The good times won't last long, and a strong wind is coming. As soon as the haze was swept away, the splendor flowed out of the country. There are millions of families in Chang 'an, and each family has a new screen. "After a long rain and fresh sunshine, there are millions of families in Chang 'an, and a brand-new screen opens in front of each family, which is very beautiful. Therefore, it is not objective and untrue to write about seeing the southern remnant snow from Chang 'an without a word "Ji", but how to see the remnant snow in Nanyinling.
Zuyong not only used Ji, but also chose Ji at sunset. He said "and the warm sky opened on the snow line" instead of "bright colors" at the foot of the mountain, on the hillside or under the forest, which is very harsh. "Lin Biao" comes from "Yinling in the South" and is naturally on the high ground in the South. Only the forest table at the height of Central South is bright, indicating that the Western Hills have occupied half the sky. The afterglow of the setting sun spilled over and dyed the forest table red. Needless to say, it also illuminates the snow floating in the clouds. And the sentence "dusk"? Words, also already be vividly portrayed.
In the first three sentences, write what you see in "Wang"; The last sentence, how I felt when I wrote "Wang". As the saying goes, "It's cold when it snows." Another cloud said, "It's cold at dusk." After a snow, only the snow in Yinling is left. The snow in other places is melting and absorbs a lot of heat, so it is naturally colder. At dusk, it is colder than during the day; Looking at the snow in the south, the cold light shines, which makes people even more chilly. Do the topic of seeing snow in the south, and write that seeing snow increases the feeling of cold. The meaning is really perfect, don't stick to the rules, do a few more words.
In Yu Yang's Poems, Wang Shizhen, a writer in Qing Dynasty, listed this poem as the "best" snow-chanting work, along with Tao Qian's "I don't want to hear anything, but my eyes are clean" (I wrote it in the middle of December of Guimao) and Wang Wei's "I am still in the deep alley, I am wider than the courtyard" (I remember it was Hu Jushi's home on a winter night).
? Xue Jing, written by Lu Chang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is exquisitely conceived and full of fun.
? It is strange that the north wind is rushing and the vestibule is like moonlight.
Heaven and man would rather be smart than smart, cutting water makes flowers fly.
? The meaning of the poem is: Why is the north wind blowing so hard? It was snowing heavily, and the yard in front of the house was as bright as moonlight. Are the immortals in the sky smart enough to cut water into flowers, then scatter them on the earth and let the flowers fly all over the sky? The poem is light and smart, and the word "Qiao" shows the beauty and lightness of snowflakes, highlighting the poet's inexplicable surprise when he sees snowflakes flying.
The Night Snow, written by Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, has a lot of snow and feelings.
? This night, the pillow was ice, which surprised me. I saw the light snow outside the window.
? It's late at night until it snows heavily, because you can hear the sound of bamboo branches breaking from time to time.
The first sentence, from the poet's feeling of "cold at the pillow", writes that the cold at night is getting worse and worse, which indicates that heavy snow is falling. The word "stunned" highlights this sudden and unexpected snowfall. The second sentence begins with vision. When the poet sees the window changing from dark to bright, it indicates that it is snowing heavily. The last two sentences were written late at night. The poet knew that it was snowing heavily because he always heard the sound of bamboo breaking. It is difficult to describe the snow in the middle of the night with a visual image, so the poet changed the vision into hearing. Of course, snow itself has no sound, so the poet uses "listening to bamboo sounds" to express it. One snowy night, the poet who stayed up all night heard the sound of bamboo breaking from time to time outside, and knew that a thick layer of snow had crushed a lot of bamboo. The last two sentences describe snow through hearing, which is the uniqueness of this poem.
Look at the Master of Snow on Furong Mountain by Liu Changqing, a poet in the Tang Dynasty;
? The setting sun is far away, the weather is cold and the house is poor.
? Chai Men heard dogs barking and went home on a snowy night.
This poem, with an extremely concise pen, depicts a picture of a cold mountain staying, a tourist staying at dusk, and a snowman from the mountain family as the material. Poetry is written in chronological order. The first sentence is about the feeling of tourists traveling on the mountain road at dusk, the second sentence is about what they saw at the boarding house, and the last two sentences are about what they heard at the boarding house after nightfall. Each poem constitutes an independent picture and is interrelated. There are pictures in the poem, but the feelings are seen outside.
As far as writing is concerned, the first two sentences are written according to what you see and the last two sentences are written according to what you hear and write. Because, since the night has come and people have gone to bed, it is impossible to write what they have seen and heard, but only what they have heard and heard. The sentence "Chai Men" should be written about what I heard in the hospital on the sofa in the dark: the sentence "snowstorm" should not be seen, but heard, because I heard all kinds of voices and knew that someone had come back in the snowstorm. I only wrote "Smell the dog barking" here, probably because it was the first sound to break the still night, and it was also the first one I heard, but what I actually heard was not only the dog barking, but also the sound of Melissa Zhou, knocking at the door, the sound of Chai Men's switch, the sound of family members' response, and so on. These sounds are intertwined. Although the person who spent the night was not in the hospital and had never seen it, it was enough to conceive the picture of returning from the snowstorm from this noisy sound. When the poem was written here, its meaning was not extended and it came to an abrupt end. It didn't take long to explain the feelings of people who listened to these voices and conceived this picture. However, the feeling of desolation in the mountains revealed from it is self-evident that it triggers the feelings of travelers in the quiet night.
? The Snow Pile written by Gao Pian, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is unique and lyrical.
Snowflakes are flying in front of the window, and I sit at the window and watch the green bamboo become as white as white.
Now look up to the sky and cover up the evil ways in the world.
People sit at the window, admiring the snowflakes drifting into the courtyard. Snowflakes turned the telephone poles and bamboo outside the window into white branches, and the whole world became bright. So the poet thought that if he climbed a tall building to watch the wild scenery at this time, all the rugged and difficult roads in the wild would be covered with heavy snow, and the open and boundless white world would be displayed in front of him.
High-rise buildings are all white. The poet hopes that snow can cover up all the ugliness in the world and make the world as white and beautiful as snow. At the end of the sentence, the author's feelings and grievances were revealed.
It's freezing, and the river is colder. Who dares to fish? Liu Zongyuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem Jiang Xue that a fisherman braved the heavy snow and took a boat alone on the river:
? There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.
? A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.
What a picture it is to fish alone in the cold river! In the cold winter, the river was covered with heavy snow, and an old man was fishing alone. Is there really such a man in Xun Mei who is more elegant than walking in the snow? Don't! This is a poet expressing his feelings through scenery. Snow symbolizes light and innocence, and the lonely boat in the cold river symbolizes loneliness and height. It is a work of self-praise.
After Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou, he was greatly stimulated and depressed mentally. Therefore, by describing the scenery of mountains and rivers and praising the fisherman who lived in seclusion between mountains and rivers, he expressed his lofty and aloof feelings and his anguish and distress in political frustration.
In this poem, everything is snowy, the mountains are snowy, the roads are snowy, and "Qian Shan" and "Wanjing" are snowy, making birds fly away and people disappear. Even the awning and fisherman's hat are covered with snow. But the poet did not explicitly associate these scenes with "snow". On the contrary, in this painting, there is only Jiang and only Rulu. Of course, the river will not store snow, and it will not be covered by snow. Even if it falls into the river, it will immediately become water. The poet only used the word "cold river snow" to connect the two images with the farthest relationship, giving people a vague, distant and narrow feeling and forming a long-distance lens. This makes the main object described in the poem more concentrated, dexterous and prominent. Because even the river seems to be covered with snow, even the places where there is no snow are covered with snow, which completely describes the dense and thick snow and completely sets off the atmosphere of water and sky. As for the word "cold" used above, it is of course to point out the climate; But the poet's subjective intention is to write the fisherman's spiritual world quietly. Imagine, in such a cold and quiet environment, the old fisherman is not afraid of the cold and the snow, forgetting everything and devoting himself to fishing. Although his body is lonely, his personality is lofty and aloof, even a little awe-inspiring. This illuminated and beautified image of the fisherman is actually the sustenance and portrayal of the poet's own thoughts and feelings. It can be seen that the word "Hanjiangxue" is the "finishing touch", which organically links the front and back parts of the whole poem, not only forming a concise and summarized picture, but also shaping a complete and prominent image of the fisherman.