Yuan Zhen. Five poems about separation
Part 1. In the morning mirror with the residual makeup of self-love, the hairpin is covered with green silk, the sun shines on the rouge cheeks for a moment, and a red suspense is swirling. melt.
Second. Mountain springs flow loosely around the street, thousands of peach blossom trees reflect the small building, leisurely reading Taoist books before getting up, and combing hair under the crystal curtain.
Third, the red chopsticks are pressed with the new season, which is auspicious for the tender yarn and dust. First of all, don’t think that the material and ground are weak, a little unkempt is the most pleasant.
Part 4. Appreciation of Yuan Zhen's "Li Si"
Once upon a time, there was no water in the sea, except for Wushan, it was not a cloud.
Looking back lazily at Huacong, I am half destined to practice Taoism and half destined to be a king.
Notes
1st time: walk in.
Appreciation
Yuan Zhen was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote a large number of poems. He divided his poems into ancient satire, music satire, ancient style, new title Yuefu, and rhythmic poetry. , erotic poems and other ten categories. This poem "Li Si" (one of the five poems) is an erotic poem. The so-called "erotic poems" refer to poems about love between men and women. Among the ten types of poems written by the author, this type is better written. And this poem "Sitting" is especially written with deep affection, passionate and moving, and has unique artistic characteristics. Among the classical poems describing love themes, it can also be called a masterpiece.
The most prominent feature of this poem is the use of clever metaphors to vividly express the protagonist's deep love for his lost sweetheart. It uses water, clouds, and flowers to compare people one after another. It is written in a tortuous and euphemistic way, implicit but not explicit, with profound and thought-provoking artistic conception.
There are only four sentences in the whole poem, three of which use metaphors. The first and second sentences come out of nowhere, and the metaphorical technique is so high that it is almost impossible to grasp the author's intention. "There was a time when it was difficult to find water in the sea." It is deduced from Mencius' "Those who look at the sea can hardly see the water" (Mencius: Endeavor of the Heart)). On the surface, the poem means that once I have looked at the vast sea, I will not pay attention to the small trickle. It is compared to the sea and river water. The sea is vast, boundless, majestic and spectacular. The river water is just a trickle that can be seen through the eyes, not worth observing. The writing is powerful and profound. However, this is only the superficial meaning, and it also contains profound thoughts. The second sentence uses the allusion of "Wushan Yunyu" in Song Yu's "Gaotang Fu". The preface to "Gaotang Fu" says: During the Warring States Period, the "ancestor" of King Xiang of Chu (referring to King Huai of Chu) once traveled to Yunmeng's stage in Gaotang. "I was idle and sleeping during the day, and dreamed of a woman... I would like to recommend a pillow mat. The king is lucky." This woman is the "daughter of Wushan". When she left the King of Chu, she said: "I live in the sun of Wushan Mountain, blocked by the high hills. The sky is cloudy in the morning, and the rain is falling in the evening. I am under the balcony in the morning and evening." The King of Chu looked at her in the morning, and it was true to his words, so So he gave her a temple name "Chaoyun". Obviously, Song Yu's so-called "clouds of Wushan", "Chaoyun", are nothing but the incarnation of the goddess. Yuan Zhen said, "Except for Wushan, they are not clouds." On the surface, he meant: Except for the colorful clouds on Wushan, all other clouds are not worth mentioning. In fact, he cleverly used the allusion of "Chaoyun" and compared it to his beloved woman, fully expressing his sincere feelings for that woman. The poet expresses that apart from this woman, no matter how beautiful and beautiful she is, she cannot move his heart and win his favor and admiration. Only that woman can make him fall in love with her. The writing is passionate and subtle.
The third sentence "take the second flower bush and look back lazily" is to use flowers to compare people. It means that even if I walked into the blooming flowers, I would pass by them without paying attention, not bothering to look back. Why didn't he care to look at the blooming flowers that greeted his eyes? The fourth sentence "Half is destined to practice Taoism and half is destined to be a king" is the answer. The implication is that he saw through worldly affairs and came to practice Taoism. This is one of the reasons. Secondly, it was because he lost her beloved and never wanted to see another "flower" again. Looking at the whole poem, it is not difficult to see that the reason for "taking the second flower bush to look back lazily" is because of the loss of "Jun". The idea of ??"half-way to practice Taoism" is just an evasion.
Ancient poetry critics once said that this poem was the author's mourning poem for Wei Cong, whom he once loved, or they assumed that it was the poet's "game of intimacy with Yingying in the boudoir" (Bian Xiaoxuan's "Yuan Zhen") "Chronology")'s self-portrait. These claims lack historical basis.
The author uses various metaphors in this poem to express his deep affection for the female companion he once loved in a tortuous way. The first three sentences closely follow the theme and progress layer by layer. The last sentence is the finishing touch, Reveal the theme. This kind of writing method is concentrated in conception, the meaning is clear and visible, and the emotions are not very pulsating. It is not like some works in classical poetry, where the emotions jump so much, like the montage shots in movies, that one can hardly see the clues. for example. Xin Qiji's "Nian Nu Jiao" (Yetang Hua Luo) describes the complex emotions of nostalgia and yearning for the singing girl, with a particularly large emotional jump. It sometimes writes about the "light farewell" in the past; sometimes it writes about "revisiting the old place" today, and the building is empty. Things have changed and people have changed, and suddenly he wrote about the fantasy of the Ming Dynasty, "Respecting the front and seeing again, the flowers in the mirror are difficult to break". There are many connections omitted, and the thoughts are rushing and leaping, which is quite difficult to find. Of course, this does not mean that the magnitude of the emotional jump can be used as a criterion to evaluate the quality of a work. This poem by Xin Qiji is also a well-known poem with extremely high aesthetic value.
In classical poetry describing love. There are many famous and excellent works, which have always been loved by people and aroused people's enthusiasm. For example, Wang Wei's poem "Lovesickness": "Red beans grow in the southern country. When spring comes, a few branches will appear. I advise you to pick more. This is the most lovesick thing." It uses vivid red beans to symbolize beautiful and loyal love.
Li Shangyin's poem "Spring silkworms will die only when they die, and wax torches will turn to ashes before their tears dry up" ("Untitled"). It uses a spirit of perseverance to express the sincerity of love, which will never change. The two sentences "Once upon a time, the sea was difficult for water, except for Wushan, it was not clouds" are different from Wang and Li's poems about love. They use a vivid metaphor of absolute affirmation and negation. To express sincerity and devotion to love. Precisely because it is unique, it can arouse strong outcry from people who have lost their loved ones due to various reasons. Someone wrote these two lines of poetry in literary works. Some people also write letters to express their infatuation for each other. This fully shows that Yuan Zhen's poem has great influence and artistic appeal.
Fifth. There are usually hundreds of flowers in bloom, but pear blossoms and white flowers are picked. Today, there are only two or three trees at the head of the river, and their leaves are poor and they are spending the last spring.