(1) farewell image (or expressing reluctant feelings, or describing thoughts after parting)
1, willow-sadness, farewell, nostalgia, sadness, the beauty of spring.
(1) The words "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, which often means parting.
Fold willows to show farewell and stay together. Since the Han Dynasty, people often express their feelings of parting by folding willows, which leads to the yearning for distant relatives (parting from the distant past) and homesickness and resentment for travelers.
(2) "Willow" is widely used in front of eaves and behind houses, and is often used as a symbol of hometown.
2. Changting-a farewell place on land
In ancient times, there were pavilions along the road for travelers to stop to rest or see off. "Long Pavilion" has become an image with feelings of parting, which constantly appears in ancient farewell poems.
3. Nanpu-farewell place by the water.
Nanpu is more common in farewell poems near the water and has become a common image in farewell poems. Hebo has a lot to do with the famous sentence "If a child goes east, a beauty will send her to Nanpu". Not only in Nanpu, the ancients bid farewell to water, because of the long-term national culture, Nanpu has become a proper term.
4. wine. Express your feelings of parting with wine.
(2) Homesickness image (or expressing homesickness or caring for relatives).
5. Bright moon and white clouds
Looking at the clouds and thinking about friends, seeing the moon and thinking about people are common techniques in ancient poetry. Use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I want to think of you in the floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off").
6. Another name for the moon: Moon, Pan Yu, Sewer, Chanjuan, Ghost Palace; Jade plate, jade wheel, Yuhuan, jade hook, jade bow, jade mirror, celestial mirror, jade rabbit, Chang 'e, toad. In China's ancient poems, it is a common brushwork to use the moon to contrast feelings. Life's perfection, regret, homesickness, homesickness. "Looking at the moon and thinking about a distance", "Sad for spring and sad for autumn", "Looking at the flowing water and missing the years", "Indus drizzling, sad and sad".
(1) homesickness for the moon-causing parting and homesickness. The moon in ancient poetry is synonymous with homesickness.
(2) The bright moon contains the sadness of the border people. Such as: "the sand is like snow before returning to Yuefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost"; "The bright moon in Qin Dynasty, the retreat in Han Dynasty, and the Long March people did not return" is tragic.
7, Hongyan-loneliness, homesickness, homesickness, news, news. Letters, thoughts of loved ones.
(1) Hongyan is a migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south and struggles to fly back to its lair, which often causes homesickness and sadness of wanderers, so poets often borrow geese to express their feelings.
(2) There are also letters referred to by Hongyan.
8. Love red-a metaphor for people who are sad, painful and have lost their lives.
9. Soup bass-homesickness.
10, double carp, carp-refers to letters.
1 1, smashing clothes, acting images, expressing concern for relatives. The state of dressing under the moon and the sound of the wind sending the anvil not only remind women of their own pain, but also easily touch the feelings of wanderers, so the image of dressing is also one of the traditional homesickness images.
12, boat tour, freedom
(1) Duckweed, Erigeron and Goose are used to express the feeling of drifting, and the boat is one of the most common images to express this feeling.
(3) Sad images (or expressing sadness and sadness, or exaggerating the bleak and sad atmosphere).
13, phoenix tree-a symbol of desolation, bitterness and sadness.
14, fragrant grass-metaphor comes from hate.
Li Yu's Qing Ping Le: "If you hate like spring grass, you can go further and live better." With endless spring grass, far away from the horizon, it is a metaphor for the sadness of parting.
15, banana-often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting.
16, water
(1) Because of the constant shearing and softness of water, it is often associated with endless sadness in poetry. Water is often used to express the sadness and sadness that life is short and fate is impermanent.
(2) Because of its softness and coldness, water is often compared to something that can be seen and touched but difficult to grasp, such as moonlight. Such as: "The day is cool like water at night, sitting and watching the morning glory and Vega." It reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from the side.
17, ape: In ancient poetry, the cry of an ape is often used to express a sad mood.
18, cuckoo-a symbol of desolation and sadness, homesickness
The cuckoo's crow seems to say "it is better to go home", and its crow can easily touch people's homesickness. Fan Zhongyan in the Song Dynasty said: "The smoke cries at night, the trees fly by day, and the spring mountains are infinitely good. It is better to go home than to go home. "
19, partridge bird-the journey is hard and full of parting associations.
The image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which easily evokes the association of hard journey and full of parting.
20. Sha Ou: Sorry to leave.
2 1. Crow: According to superstition, it is an ominous bird, which often haunts graves and other desolate places. China's classical poems are often associated with decadent and desolate things.
22. Ape crow: Appearing in poetry often symbolizes a sad feeling.
23. Sunset (sunset, sunset glow) conveys sadness and loss, boundless and depressed feelings.
(4) Express images (or support objects to show noble qualities or express feelings).
24, chrysanthemum-recluse, refined, loyal, noble quality, strong personality, lofty temperament.
Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble, pure and extraordinary quality by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tao Yuanming, an idyllic poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote many poems about chrysanthemums, which naturally linked the elegant and indifferent image of chrysanthemums with his interest in different customs.
25, plum blossom-a symbol of proud frost and snow, not afraid of setbacks, indomitable, pure and white, strong and noble personality.
26. Peach blossoms symbolize beauty, peonies are rich and beautiful, which means that they have fallen into England, and orchids have expensive products. The maturity of plums is a metaphor for a girl's longing for spring, such as "looking back by the door, but smelling plums" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip"). Lilac refers to sadness or complex, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Tang Niuqiao's Thanksgiving).
27, pine and cypress-stand proudly, loyal and noble, firm, proud, strong and full of vitality, symbolizing the character of enduring loneliness and cold.
28, bamboo-slim, tall and straight, moral integrity, positive, "frost and snow do not fade, through the four seasons" character.
29. Sorrow-expressing regret and sadness over the past ups and downs of the country. Canon out the Book of Songs? Feng Wang? Xiaomi is gone. According to legend, after Zhou Pingwang moved eastward, Dr. Zhou passed by the ancient capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and lamented that the ancestral temple was destroyed and millet was everywhere, so he wrote the poem "Millet Parting" to express his grief. Later generations took the thought of "Su Li" as the worry of national subjugation, like the ups and downs of the past. For example, there is a sentence in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "I feel sorry for the past and the present, because I am conscious. The old man in Yan Qian thinks there is a kind of "separation" sadness. "
30, vegetation-exuberant vitality, endless life, hope, desolation, remoteness, hatred, humble identity and status. Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs.
3 1, ice and snow: use the crystal of ice and snow to compare the loyalty of the soul and the nobility of morality. For example, Bing Xin's noble mind, the ancients used "as clear as jade pot ice" as a metaphor for a person's aboveboard mind.
(5) Love image (used to express love and lovesickness).
32, red beans-often used to symbolize love or acacia.
33, lotus-express love. Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love.
34, Lian Lizhi, winged bird-metaphor for loving couples.
35. Yuanyang refers to loving couples, such as "Why don't you give up your life if you succeed?" Better be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's" Ancient Meaning Chang 'an ").
36. Harp: (1) It means harmony between husband and wife, also called "harp". (2) metaphor friendship between brothers and friends. Chen Ziang's poem "Farewell to Friends on a Spring Night" says: "When you get out of the hall, think about the harp, and don't take another road around Sichuan."
(6) the image of war (or expressing disgust for war or yearning for peace)
37. In the Book of Were Han, Ban Chao was born in poverty and made a living by copying documents for the imperial court. He once lamented that he would follow the example of Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian to make contributions to the border region and take the title of Marquis. Later, "throwing a pen" meant abandoning literature and joining the army. For example, Xin Qiji's "Water Tune Songs": "If you don't learn from Ban Chao's pen, you will be named as Wan Li and Gunter's old frontier."
38. The Great Wall "Southern History"? According to the biography of Tan Daoji, Tan Daoji was a general in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, with great power and was suspected by the monarch and his subjects. Later, Song Wendi took the opportunity to kill him. Tan Daoji was furious: "It's really the Great Wall of Wan Li!" Obviously, it refers to Song Wendi killing the general and disintegrating his own army. Later, the Great Wall of Wan Li was used to describe the generals guarding the border. For example, Lu You's book The Wrath: "The Great Wall is empty, but the temples in the mirror have faded."
39. Loulan's Han Shu recorded that King Loulan was greedy for money and killed many China envoys to the Western Regions. Later, Fu Jiezi was sent to the Western Regions to behead King Loulan and make contributions to the country. Later, poets often used "Loulan" to refer to the enemy of the border, and "breaking (splitting) Loulan" to refer to making contributions. For example, Wang Changling's "Join the Army" says: "The clouds in Qinghai are long and the snow-capped mountains are dark, and the territory looks at Yumenguan. The yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and the loulan is not returned. "
40, Liu Ying, refers to the barracks. Historical records? Zhou bo's Family after the River records that during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, the Han army was divided into Bashang, Ximen and Liuxi to prepare for the Xiongnu, and the commander of Liuxiying was Zhou Yafu. The Liuxi Army Battalion in Zhou Yafu is disciplined and uniform. Even Wendi and his entourage have to get permission from Zhou Yafu to enter the camp. Wendi spoke highly of Zhou Yafu's well-managed army. Later generations often call "Liu Ying" a disciplined military camp.
4 1. Ask Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to send a young trusted minister to South Vietnam to persuade the South Vietnamese dynasty to surrender. The final army said, "Please give me a long tassel, and I will take the king of South Vietnam." Later, he used his metaphor to kill the enemy and serve the country. Yue Fei "Man Jiang Hong? Looking at the Central Plains from afar: "Sighing mountains and rivers are the same, and thousands of villages are sparse. When did you ask Ruilv to cross the Qinghe River with a whip? "
42. Qiangdi is a musical instrument from the ancient west, which makes a sad sound. It is often mentioned in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Qu: "Why should the Qiang flute complain about the willow? The spring breeze is only Yumenguan." Cen Can's "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home": "The China army gave a banquet to thank the guests and played the barbarian pipa, guitar and harp for him." Li Yi's "On Listening to the Flute at Night on the Wall of the Country": "I don't know where to play the flute, but I have to find someone all night." Fan Zhongyan's Fisherman's Pride: "A cup of turbid restaurant Wan Li, Ran Yan is not happy, Qiang Guan is full of frost." The shrill voice of the strong brother often makes recruiters cry. Hu Jia's function is the same as this, so I won't list it again.
(7) Leisure image (or expressing leisure and quiet mood, or expressing yearning for seclusion)
43. Wu Liu Tao Yuanming's biography of Mr. Wu Liu contains: There are five willows beside the house, and the factor is therefore. Later, "May 6th" became synonymous with hermits. For example, Wang Wei's "Book to Pei Di from Wangchuan": "The mountains are cold and blue, and the autumn waters flow together. At the door of my thatched cottage, leaning on my cane, I listened to the cicadas singing in the evening breeze. Sunset lingers at the ferry, and the smoke from supper rises from the house. Oh, when will I make a wish to the great hermit again and sing a wild poem under five willows? . "
44, Dongli Tao Yuanming "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under Dongli, leisurely seeing Nanshan." Later, "Dongli" was used to express rural life or refined feelings after resignation and retirement. For example, Li Qingzhao's "Drunk Flowers": "Dongli handle wine has a faint fragrance at dusk."
45. There is a saying in Tao Yuanming's "Gui Xi Ci" that "the three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists". Later, "Sanjing" was used to refer to the place where hermits lived. For example, Bai Juyi's "If you want to be a neighbor of Yuan Ba Bu, you will get a gift first": "The bright moon is good for three nights, and Qingyang is suitable for home in two spring."
Sadness and desolation
46, cicada-noble character,
(1) The ancients thought that the cicada meal was a symbol of nobility, and they often used the cicada's nobility to express their noble character. "Tang Poetry" says: "Every time a cicada sings, it respects its nature."
Because cicadas live on high branches, eat wind and sleep outdoors, and don't eat fireworks, so their moral character belongs to lofty type. A political prisoner is listening to Luo's Cicada: "Who knows if he is still singing?" Li Shangyin's Cicada: I am pure in mind, so I long to live a pure life like you. Wang's: "I am noble and I am in pain." Yu Shinan's Cicada: "It is not the autumn wind that makes you aloof." They all use cicadas as a metaphor for noble morality.
2 chilling-sad. After autumn, cicadas will not live long. After the autumn rain, cicadas will make a few intermittent moans, and their lives are at a critical juncture. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness.
For example, Dondero's "Chanting Cicada" begins with two sentences: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply." [Journey to the West: Autumn] Singing in a chilling voice exaggerates his deep homesickness in prison.
Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, began: "Cold cicadas are sad, pavilions are late, and showers begin to rest." Before the direct description of parting, the feeling of "sadness" has filled the reader's heart, brewing an atmosphere that can touch parting. Poems such as "Crying on My Side" (Three Kingdoms Cao Zhi's "Wang Biao as a White Horse") also express this feeling.