-Appreciation of the word "chaos" in Bai Juyi's poems
Wang chuanxue
The word "chaos" is an ordinary word, which means no order and order, chaos and disorder. It is often used as a derogatory term in ancient poetry. For example, Liu Zongyuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a couplet "Climbing Liuzhou Tower to Send Zhang Tingfeng to Four States":
The hibiscus flowers beside the moat are swaying in the sudden wind, and the oblique rain is beating the vines on the wall.
It means: a gust of wind violently messed up the hibiscus on the water; The rain poured down and hit the earth wall covered with Ficus pumila obliquely. With "chaos" and "oblique invasion", the destruction of good things by storms is vividly written.
However, in some poems, poets write landscapes with the word "chaos", which has a natural interest.
When Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, he wrote two famous poems describing the spring scenery of West Lake.
Let's look at "Spring Tour in Qiantang" written by Changqing in the spring of three or four years:
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Zhuan Xu wrote that Yingying and Swallows competed to build nests, showing the vitality of the West Lake in early spring. The flowers and plants in the West Lake written by the Neck Couplet are shallow, revealing the thriving scene of the West Lake.
As far as flowers are concerned, they are "chaotic" and even confuse the eyes of flower watchers. In other people's poems, this kind of writing is rare, but this unique feeling is exactly what the poet experienced when enjoying the scenery of the West Lake. Colorful flowers are in full bloom all over Shan Ye. Against the backdrop of lakes and mountains, they are in various forms and compete with each other, so that poets simply don't know where to look and can't tell them apart.
On the eve of being demoted to the secretariat of Hangzhou, the poet rewrote Spring on the Lake.
Spring scenery on the lake is picturesque, and chaotic peaks are scattered around the checkpoint.
There are thousands of green hills on the pine row and a pearl in the heart of the moon.
Early rice is pumped by the blue carpet line, and the green Luo skirt shows Xinpu.
I didn't throw it into Hangzhou, and half of it was this lake.
The first three parts of the poem describe the scenery, the latter part is lyrical, and the whole poem integrates the scenery and things with me. The first sentence is a bird's eye view of the spring scenery of the West Lake, which is called "picturesque". The following three sentences in Luanfeng describe the scenery as picturesque: surrounded by mountains, the lake is flat; Rows of pine trees decorate the mountains like overlapping emeralds, and the bright moon shines into the middle of the lake like a shining pearl. What a charming beauty!
Writing about the peaks around the West Lake, decorated with the word "chaos", and writing about the characteristics of random arrangement and unevenness of peaks have a natural interest.
In the eleventh year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi wrote a song "Early Spring in South Lake" in Jiangzhou:
The clouds have gone, the wind and rain have stopped, the weather is just right, and the sun shines on the lake to form a reflection, which has a warm feeling.
Wild apricots everywhere, broken red spots; The floating water on the lake looks like a neat lawn at first sight.
The rain on Bai Yan dried up, his wings became heavy and he had to fly low; The oriole's tongue is quite stiff.
It's not that the spring in Jiangnan is not good, but that I'm one year old, and my mood has also decreased.
The first couplet depicts a fresh picture of Ming Che: the warm wind blows back, the clouds disperse, the rain stops and the weather clears. What is particularly gratifying is that the sun shines back on the lake and everything looks warm and bright. Next, the poets of the two couplets skillfully touched the scenery on the lake: the apricot trees first appeared, the poets saw their natural feelings with chaos, and the apple leaves were reborn. It is very interesting that the poet uses "tiling" to express its growth scene. Whether it is "chaos" or "tiling", what was originally static becomes dynamic, which makes people seem to see the growing power of spring. It is still widely said that Huang Peng's words are not finished, and the word "fly back to weight" is a poet's creation, and the word "weight" vividly describes the modality that white geese can't fly high in early spring. The spring is beautiful, and the poet does not forget to paint when drawing. The "broken red" and "new green" of apricot and Shuiping complement each other, and the white goose and Huang Peng add color to the spring scenery, which also makes the picture dynamic and sound. The early spring of Poyang described by the poet is dynamic, quiet, vivid and colorful, with vision, hearing and touch, which gives people an all-round overall feeling and makes people see colorful and interesting spring pictures, which is also inseparable from the poet's exercise of poetic language and careful consideration of sketch layout.
In the sentence, "random dots" are used to vividly draw apricot flowers that are open at will and are everywhere. "Chaos" is not messy, but natural and random. When the poet wrote about the spring scenery of the West Lake, he also said that "flowers are becoming more and more charming" ("Spring Tour in Qiantang River") and "Chaos peaks around the lake" ("Spring Theme Lake") all showed natural interest from chaos, without artificial affectation.